Millennium Development

Presentation
Erica Barrus
Casey Eckman

Madagascar & Laos

What are the MDGs?

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the
world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing
extreme poverty in its many dimensions-income poverty,
hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusionwhile promoting gender equality, education, and
environmental sustainability. They are also basic human
rights-the rights of each person on the planet to health,
education, shelter, and security.
Source- http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/

1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty

and Hunger

Target 1: Cut in half, between 1990 and 2015, the

number of people whose income is less than $1 a day.
Target 2. Cut in half, between 1990 and 2015, the
number of people who suffer from hunger.

How they measure Poverty and

hunger
1. Proportion of population below $1 (1993 PPP) per day
(World Bank)
2. Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty] (World
Bank)
3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (World
Bank)
4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years of
age (UNICEF-WHO)
5. Proportion of population below minimum level of
dietary energy consumption (FAO)

Hunger and Poverty

Laos
GNI per capita: $1,645.74
Poverty has dropped by 40% in
the last 16 years. There is still a
long ways to go, and they are
well on their way.
It is not likely that they will
achieve the goal by 2015
because there is still massive
food poverty that cannot be
fixed in the next year. .

Madagascar
GDP: $470.95
Over 70% of people still live in
poverty, making under $1/day.
They are making small progress in
nutrition and health of their citizens,
however, 90% still feel that they do
not make enough food to survive for
the year.
It is highly unlikely that Madagascar
will reach their goal by 2015, because
they have not even met their halfway goals.

2. Achieve Universal Primary

Education for All

Target 3. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere,

boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full
course of primary schooling.

Measuring Universal Primary

Education
1. Net enrolment ratio in primary education (UNESCO)
2. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach
grade 5 (UNESCO) b*
3. Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds (UNESCO)

Primary Education
Laos:

Madagascar:

Laos has nearly achieved the

national target of 98% ratio for
boys and girls.
The gross enrollment ratio has
increased by 26% since 1990s,
but it is still too slow for them
to reach their goal by 2015.

2008 trends showed that

Madagascar was on track to
achieve the MDG by 2015.
The net primary enrollment
rate has increased from 71% in
1997 to 75% in 2010.
This rate is too slow for them
to achieve their goal by 2015.

3. Promote Gender Equality and

Empower Women
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of
education no later than 2015.

Measuring Gender Equality

1. Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and
tertiary education (UNESCO)
2. Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old
(UNESCO)
3. Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector (ILO)
4. Proportion of seats held by women in national
parliament (IPU)

Gender Equality
Laos

Madagascar has yet to make any

significant efforts to promote
In higher education, the ratio of
the right to literacy for all
girls to boys is 77:100.
citizens.
They have made steady progress
towards their targets, however Literacy ratio of men to women
has only improved by 9.3% since
their equality still has a long
1990.
ways to go.
It is unlikely that they will reach The rate they are going isnt
enough to achieve their 2015
their goal by 2015.
goal.

Madagascar

4. Reduce Child Mortality

Target 5. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and
2015, the under-five mortality rate

Measuring Child Mortality Rate

1. Under-five mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)

2. Infant mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)
3. Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against
measles (UNICEF-WHO)

Child Mortality
Laos
Madagascar
From 1993 to 2011, under- From 1990 to 2012, the
five mortality rates fell
under-five mortality rate
from 170/1000 to 79/1000 fell from 159/1000 to
births.
58/1000 births.
They have already
They have achieved their
achieved their goal for
goal for reducing child
reducing child mortality.
mortality.

5. Improving Maternal Health

Target 6. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990
and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Measuring Maternal Health

1. Maternal mortality ratio (UNICEF-WHO)
2. Proportion of births attended by skilled health
personnel (UNICEF-WHO)

Maternal Health
Laos
Maternal mortality rate has

declined from 796/100,000

births in 1995 to 357/100,000
births in 2009.
They have not quite met the
reduction rate, however they
are very close.
They will most likely not reach
their goal by next year, 2015.

Madagascar
The maternal mortality rate
has actually increased since
1997 when it was 488 per
100,000 to 498/100,000 in
2008.
Because it is difficult to access
care and there is a shortage of
human resources, it will be
difficult to reach this goal
anytime soon.

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and

other Diseases

Target 7. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse

the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Target 8. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse
the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Measuring Diseases

1. HIV prevalence among pregnant

women aged 15-24 years
2. Condom use rate of the

contraceptive prevalence
2a. Condom use at last high-risk 2b.
Percentage of population aged 15-24
years with comprehensive correct
knowledge of HIV/AIDS
2c. Contraceptive prevalence rate
3. Ratio of school attendance of
orphans to school attendance of
non-orphans aged 10-14 years

4. Prevalence and death rates

associated with malaria
5. Proportion of population in
malaria-risk areas using effective
malaria prevention and treatment
measures
6. Prevalence and death rates
associated with tuberculosis
7. Proportion of tuberculosis cases
detected and cured under DOTS
(internationally recommended TB
control strategy)

Measuring Diseases:
Laos
HIV presence is low, however the

number of new cases has increased by

1000/year.

Condom use in 2012 was at 92.5%, just

shy of its 2015 goal of 95%.
Laos has already met the target goals
for Tuberculosis and is working hard to
stop Malaria.
Overall, they have met half of their
target goals for 2015.

Madagascar
Madagascars HIV prevalence is at
less than 1%.
Malaria and Tuberculosis are still
an epidemic and affect much of
the population.
Madagascar will not reach their
target goal for Malaria and other
diseases, but they are very close
with HIV/AIDs.

7. Ensure Environmental
Sustainability

Target 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into

country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental
resources
Target 10. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Target 11. Have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives
of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Measuring Environmental
Sustainability
1. Proportion of land area covered by
forest
2. Ratio of area protected to maintain
biological diversity to surface area

3. Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1

GDP
4. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita
and consumption of ozone-depleting
CFCs
5. Proportion of population using solid
fuels

6. Proportion of population with

sustainable access to an improved
water source, urban and rural
7. Proportion of population with
access to improved sanitation, urban
and rural
8. Proportion of households with
access to secure tenure

Environmental Sustainability
Laos
They are facing troubles with balancing
economic activities without damaging
the environment more.
Forest cover in the country has declined
from 49.1% in 1982 to 40.43% in 2010.
Drinking water availability has improved
from 70% of the country to 88%.
Reaching their goals anytime in the

future will requite a lot of help, especially

from international aid.

Madagascar
They have made progress in
protecting their environment,
more than 11% of the country is
protected.
10/22 regions have above average
drinking water rates.
83% of urban dwellers living in
slums.

8. Develop a Global Partnership for

Development

Target 12. Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,

nondiscriminatory trading and financial system
Target 13. Address the special needs of the Least Developed
Countries
Target 14. Address the special needs of landlocked developing
countries and small island developing states
Target 15. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of
developing countries through national and international
measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Measuring Global Partnership

Development(just a few ways)
1.Proportion of total
textiles and clothing from
developed country imports
developing countries
(by value and excluding
3. Agricultural support
arms) from developing
estimate for OECD countries
countries and from LDCs,
as percentage of their GDP
admitted free of duty
4. Unemployment rate of
2. Average tariffs imposed
young people aged 15-24
by developed countries on
years, each sex and total
agricultural products and

Global Partnership Development

Laos

this goal. Loans from supporting

groups fell from $329 million in 2009
In 2013 Laos became the 158th member of
by 80% for several different reasons.
the world trade organization.
It has been making great strides towards In 2010, only 1% of households had a
phone landline.
integrating with the global economy.
They have benefited a ton because of
1.6/100 people had internet access in
that.
2009, compared to 0.2 in 2008.
They are on their way to reaching all of Madagascar will need much more
their targets, but will not reach them all
aid to reach this goal, and it will not
by 2015.
happen by 2015.

Madagascar
Madagascar is really struggling with

References
Millennium Project Goals, targets and indicators.
Retrieved on 10/17/14 from
http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm#g
oal1.
Unicef: StatisticsMadagascar. Retrieved on 10/17/14
from
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/madagascar_sta
tistics.html.
UNDP Around the World Retrieved on 10/17/14 from
www.UNDP.org.