Aymbw 8

PmXnkq{Xobw imcocw

tmI :

| 1-20 | 21-40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-95 |

AYmXx PmXnkq{Xobw imcocw hymJymkymax
1
CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx.
C\n PmXnkq{Xobw imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp {]Imcw
Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.
kv{Xo]pwktbmchym] ip{ImWnX K`mib
tbmx t{ibkow {]PmantXmkvXnhrnIcw
Itm]tZymax.
2
kv{XobpsS
timWnXhpw
K`mibhpw
]pcpjs
iphpw
{iambnphv
B{Kln\pkcnv t{ibkvIcamb km\ DmIpXmWv. AXn\pthn
Fsms sNWsav hnhcnpXcmw.
AYmt]yXu kv{Xo ]pwku kvt\ltkzZm`ymap]
]mZy ha\ hntcN\m`ymw kwtim[y {Iam {]Ir
Xnam]mPtb. kwipu Nmm\am\phmk\m
`ymw LrXocm`ymw ]pcpjw, kv{Xobw ]p\kv
ssXeamjm`ymw.
3
timWnXhpw K`mibhpw ipamb kv{Xobpw ipamb ]pcpj\pw kvt\ltkzZw sNbvXnv
hn[n{]Imcw ha\hntcN\w sNbvXp icocipn hcpn t]bmZn{Iaw ioennv {Ian
kzm`mhnImhbn FntcWw. kayIv ipnhm cp t]cpw IjmbhkvXnbpw
kvt\lhkvXnbpw sNWw. AXn\ptijw ]pcpj a[pcuj[fnp kwkvIcn ]mepw
s\pw ioenWw. kv{XobmIs Fbpw Dgppw ioenWw.
XXx ]pjv]m {]`rXn {Xncm{Xw {_Nmcn
Wo BkoXm[x timY\o ]mWn`yma aPc]m
t{X `pRvPm\m \ N ImntZh arPmam]tZyX.
4
AXn\ptijw ctPmZi\apmbm ApapX aqpZnhkw {_NmcnWnbmbncnWw.
`qanbn InSWw. ]pXnbXmXpw DSbmXpamb ]m{Xn ssIsImv Blmcw
IgnWw. Ipfn apXemb bmsXmcphn[ AwKkwkvIcWhpw sNcpXv (CXns\ kw_nv
kp{ipXw imcocw cmw Aymbn IqSpXembn hnhcnnpv.)
XXXpt lt\y\mapkmZy k inckvIw
kv\m]bnXzm ipm\ypm\n hmkmwkymmZ
tb `qjm [mctb, ]pcpj XXx iphm
kku N{kKznWu kpa\kmhmt\ym\ya`nImau kw
htkXmanXn {_qbm.
5
AXn\ptijw \memas Znhkw F, Xmfn apXembh D]tbmKnp incSw Ipfnnv
shfp hkv{Xhpw amebpw [cnWw. cp t]cpw \ a\tmSpIqSnbpw At\ym\yw
CjvSspancnWw. Ans\bncnptm sshZy klhmkn\mbn A\paXn
sImSpWw.
kv\m\m {]`rXn bptjzlx kp kwhtkXmw
]p{XImau Abptjp ZplnXrImau
6
kv{Xobpw
]pcpj\pw
]p{Xs\bmWm{KlnpsXn
Ipfn
Znhkw
apX
CcZnhknepw ]p{Xnsb BWm{KlnpsXn HZnhknepw ssaYp\w sNWw.
AXmbXv BIpn thWsan ctPmZi\w apX 481012 Fo Znhkfnepw s]Ipn

thWsan 57911 Fo Znhkfnepw ssaYp\w sNWw.

\ N \yp_vPmw ]mizKImw hm kwtkthX; \yp_v
Pmbm hmtXm _ehm k tbm\ow {]]oUbXn,
]mizKXmbm ZntW ]mtiz tjva m
kwhypXx hnZ[mXn K`mibw. hmta ]mtiz ]n
w XZkymx ]oUnXw hnZlXn cw ip{I,
XkvamZpm\m kXn_oPw KrlvWobm, Xkym
ln bYmm\ahXnjvTt tZmjmx ]cym]vtX
ssN\mw iotXmZI\ ]cnjnt.
7
kv{Xo At[mapJnbmbpw (]pcpjs tase InSpw) CStm hetm hiv Ncnp
InSpw ssaYp\w sNcpXv. kv{Xo At[mapJnbmbnnSp ssaYp\w sNbvXm hmbp
_ehm\mbn tbm\nsb ]oUnnpXmbncnpw, Atm ipw Asn ipmWp
K`mibn
AYhm
Unw_{]Wmfnbn
{]thinpX.
hev
hiv
sNcnpInSp ssaYp\w sNbvXm I^w {khnphp K`mibs adpXmbncnpw.
CSv hiv sNcnpInSp ssaYp\w sNbvXm ]nw ctbpw iptbpw
hnZKvampXmbncnpw. AXpsImv kv{Xo aepInSpsImv Xs ssaYp\w
sNbvXp _oPs kzoIcnWw. Cu Ahbn hmXmZntZmj AXmXv m\v
nXn sNpXmIpp. ssaYp\m\cw kv{Xo XWp shwsImv IpfnWw. Cu Ipfn
K`ncXpw ssaYp\m\capmb oWhpw Dujvamhpw ianphm\pw \XmIpp.
X{XmXyinXm p[nXm ]n]mknXm `oXm hna\mx
timImm {Ipm Nm\y ]pamkann ssa
Ypt\ NmXnImam hm \cow K`w \ [t, hnKp
Wmw hm {]Pmw P\bXn. AXn_memaXnhrmw
ZoLtcmKnWnamt\y\ hm hnImtctWm]krjvSmw h
tb. ]pcptjt]yX Gh tZmjmx AXx k
tZmjhnXu kv{Xo]pcpju kwkrtPybmXmw.
AXnbmbn `Ww IgnncnpI, hnincnpI, ZmlnncnpI, `ocphmbncnpI,
ssaYp\n ssha\kyapmIpI, ZpxJnncnpI, t{Im[nncnpI, A\y]pcpjs\
ImanpIbw ssaYp\n AXymknbpmbncnpIbpw sNpI Fo hn[nep
\mco kwt`mKn K`w [cnpX. AYhm K`w [cnpIbmsWn B km\n\v
sshKpWyw DmIpw. AXn_metbbpw AXnhrntbbpw ZoLIme tcmKnWntbbpw AYhm
atsXnepw hn[nep tcmKw _m[nhtfbpw ssaYp\n \nv hnWw. Cu
hn[ tZmjfp ]pcpj\n \nv K`w [cntXpw hntXmWv. AXpsImv
bmsXmcphn[ tZmjfpanm kv{Xo ]pcpjm At\ym\yw tNp km\s
Dev]mZnnWw.
12hbn Xmsgbp s]Ipnv AXn_mem Fpw 12apX 16hsc hbp s]Ipnv
_mem Fpw ]dbpp. kv{XoIv K`w [cnphm Ghpw kaamb Imew 16apX
20hbv hscbmIpp. AXn\ptijw kmt\mev]mZ\tijn Ipdp Indp hcnIbpw
55hbmIptmtgpw kmt\mev]mZ\tijn
\ntjw \inpIbpw Bhw
\npIbpw sNpw.
]pcpj\v kmt\mev]mZ\n\v Ghpw kaamb Imew 20apX
hscbmIpp. AXn\ptijw kmt\mev]mZ\tijn Ipdp Ipdp
70hbmIptmtgpw ip{ImWp ]qambpw \jvSsSpIbpw sNpw.

32hbv
hcnIbpw

16apX 20hbv htcbp kv{Xobn 20 apX 32hbv hscbp ]pcpj

kmt\mev]mZ\w sNbvX m av tZmjsfmpw kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw Csn B
km\w bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw hnKpWambnocpX. 5055 \ptijw kv{Xobnepw 70
\ptijw ]pcpj\nepw kmt\mev]mZ\tijn A]qambn Isphcmw AXv
kkm[mcWamXpsImv Hc]hmZambn am{Xw IWmphmt\ \nhrnbpp.

kwPmXlju ssaYpt\ Nm\pIqeu CjvSKw

kzmkvXow kpJw ib\ap]I]y at\mw
lnXai\w am{XmhmZinXzm ZnW]mtZ\ ]pam
hma]mtZ\ kv{Xo Nmtcmtl.
9
ssaYp\n cp t]pw ljapmbm at\m\pIqeamb K{Zhy D]tbmKnpw
\ at\mlcambnpXpw kpJapfhmpXpamb Inepw InSbpw hncnpw D]tbmKnpw
lnXhpw anXhpamb Blmcw Ignpw ]pcpj BZyw het ImepsImpw kv{Xo CSt
ImevsImpw hncnn Ibdn InSWw.
X{X a{w {]bpRvPoX, Alnckn Bbpckn kXx {]XnjvTmkn [mXm Xzm Z[mXy
hnLmXmXzm Z[mXp {_hkm `thZnXn.
{_m _rlkv]XnhnjvWpx tkmax kqcykv
XYmizn\u `tKmYan{Xm hcpWu ]p{Xkw hotcm Z
[mXpta. CXypzm kwhtkbmXmw.
10
ta]d Alnckn Fv XpSpXpw {_m _rlkv]Xnx Fv XpSpXpamb a{w
P]npsImv ssaYp\n {]thinWw.
km tNtZhamimkoX _rlahZmXw lcytamP
kzn\w ipNnw kXzkw ]p{XantbanXn.
kv{Xo Xs ]p{X henb icocaph\mbpw Kuchaph\mbpw knwl Xpeyjcm{Ianbmbp
HmPkznbmbpw ipNnbph\mbpw _pnam\mbpw BbncnWsam{KlnpIbpw thWw.
ipkv\m\m {]`rXyssky aahZmXw bhm
\mw a[pkn`ymw kwkrPy tizXtbm tKmx kcq]
hkmbx ]bkmtemUy cmPtX Imwtky hm ]mt{X
Imte Imte k]vXmlw kXXw {]bt ]m
\mb. {]mX imenbhmhnImcm `[na[pk
n`nx ]tbm`nhm kwkrPy `pRvPoX XYm km
bw AhZmXicWib\mk\ ]m\hk\`qjWthim
N kym. kmbw {]mX iiz tizXw almw
Ej`amPmt\bw hm lcnN\mwKZw ]tiy. kuaym
`nss\mw IYm`nat\m\pIqem`ncp]mkoX.
kuaymIrXnhNt\m]NmctNjvSmw kv{Xo]pcp
jm\nXcm\]n tN{nbmm\hZmXm ]tiy.
kllNcyivss]\mw {]nblnXm`ymw kXXap]mN
tcbpx, XYm `m\ N an{io`mham]tZybmXmw. C
Xyt\\ hn[n\m k]vXcm{Xw ncXzm AjvSta
l\n BpXymZv`n kinckvIw kl`{m, Nml
Xm\n hkv{XmWymm ZtbZhZmXm\yhZmXm
{ktPm `qjWm\n _n`qbm.
12
EXpkv\m\w sNbvXZnhkw apX Ahv bhns aesmSn Ienb shn
tX\pw s\pw tNp shfp Inbp shfp ]iphns ]men Ien
shnbptStbm HmSnttbm ]m{Xn Hcp IrXykabv GgpZnhkw XpSbmbn
IpSnm sImSpWw. cmhnse \hcbcntmtdm bhns tNmtdm ssXcpw tX\pw s\pw
tNtm ]m tNtm sImSpWw AXpt]mseXs sshIptchpw sImSpWw.
Xmaknp ew, InSp hncnv, Ccnp Cuk\w kcnp hml\w, [cnp
hkv{Xw, ame apXembhsbmw sh\ndambncnWw. cmhntebpw sshIptchpw
Ftmgpw shfp henb Imftbtbm IpXnctbtbm Ahbhfn sh\w
AWnpsImv ImWWw. AhfpsS ASpv t]mIph kuayambpw at\m\pIqeambpw
kwkmcnWw. kuaymIrXnbpw hmpw BNmchpw tNjvSbpw D kv{Xo ]pcpjmsc
ImWWw. AXpt]mseXs ap C{nbmtfbpw ImWWw. Ahv {]nbaphcpw
lnXambnphcpw lnXambnphcpw Ftmgpw klNcnpIbpw D]NcnpIbpw thWw.
AXpt]mseXs `mhpw {]nbambpw lnXambpw AhtfmSv s]cpamdWw. cvt]cpw
ssaYp\w sNcpXv. C{]Imcw GgpZnhkw sNbvXnv Fmas Znhkw incSw

cpt]cpw IpfnWw. Fnv \ shfp `qjWfpw [cnpIbpw thWw.

XX EXznIv {]mKpckymw ZniyKmcky {]mIv
h\w hm tZia`nkaoy tKmatbmZImayw kyWvUn
eap]kwen]y t{]my tNmZtI\ thZoakvan kv
Ym]tb Xmw ]nta\mlXhkv{Xktb tiz
Xmjt` hm]yPnt\ D]hnti {_W{]bpIv
Xx. cmP\y{]bpkvXpsshbmt{L NWym\
Uptl hm. sshiy{]bpkvXp ssccth hmkv
tX, hmXt{Xm] hnjvSx ]memin`nsscwKpZo`ncuUpw
_co`nx am[pIo`nhm kanZv`ncnap]kam[mb
Ipssix ]cnkvXocy ]cn[n`nizN ]cn[mb em
ssPx ip`o KhXo`nx kpat\m`nx D]mIn
tc. X{X {]WotbmZ]m{Xw ]hn{Xw ]qXap]kw
kvIrXy kncmPymw btYmhm\mPmt\
bmZo kaXx m]mb.
13
AXn\ptijw EXznIv (bmKw sNph) hoSns Ingtm hStm Znn Xmsg ]dbp
{Ia{]Imcap `q`mKs t\mnbnv AhnsS NmWIw tXp hrnbmn Pet{]maw
sNbvXn ipn hcpn AXn thZn m]nWw. bPam\\vU {_mW\msWn Ingv
`mKv kzhpw \ho\hpw tizXhpamb hkv{X sImpmnb Bk\ntem
AYhm shfp ImfbpsS Nntem EXznIv CcnWw. ]p{Xmw bw
sNnnph {Xnb\msWn EXznIv ]pentmentem shfp ImfbpsS tXmentem
CcnWw. A{]Imcw Ccp EXznIv NaX, HmSacw, An Ccp FnhsImv
Anbpmn Ipihncnp ]cn[nbpmn AhnsS aecpw kpKapXpw shfpXpamb
]pjv]fpw hnXcWw. AhnsS a{w sImv ipamnb Pe]m{Xw hbvWw.
tlmanphm\p s\pw DNnXamb hn[n kwkvIcnp AhnsS shWw. GXv
hnep Ipnsb B{Klnppthm B hnep IpXnc apXembhsb thZnv
Nppw \nWw.
EXznpI = bPam\\pthn bmKw sNphcmIpp. 6EXpfpv. {Inbmhkm\n
bPam\ EXznpIv ZnW sNbvXm bmK^ew bPam\v (bmKw sNph\v)
InpXmWv. thZn = bmKn\pthn ]cnjvcns `q`mKns t]cmIpp.
nWvUnew = bmKn\pthn NmaIw sagpIn hrnbmnb ew.
XXx ]p{XImam ]natXmnw ZnWtXm
{_mWap]thiym\pe`tX kl `m btYjv
Sw ]p{Xamimk\m.
14
AXn\ptijw ]p{Xs\ B{Klnp kv{Xo Ah B{Klnp hn[nep ]p{Xs\
a\n [ym\npsImv `mhnt\mSpIqSn AnbpsS apnembpw {_mWs
hembpw Ccpnv EXznv Fv ]dbppthm AXpt]mse sNWw.
XXkvXkym Bimkm\mb EXznIv {]Pm]Xn a`n
\nniytbm\u Xkymx Ima]cn]qcWmw Im
aymanjvSnw \nt] hnjvWptbm\nw I]bXp
CXy\bm ENm.
15
AXn\ptijw EXznIv CjvS]p{Xs\ [ym\npsImncnp kv{XobpsS tbm\nbn
{]Pm]Xnsb \ntinnv B{Kl]qnmbn hnjvWptbm\nw Iev]bXp FnXymZn
EXznIv ]dbpXpt]mse ]dp Anbn ]p{XImtajvSn sNWw.
XXsshmtPy\ men]mIa`n[mcy {XnPqlq
bm, bYmav\mbw tNm]b{nXapZI]m{Xw Xssky
ZZym ktmZImm IpcptjyXn.
16
AXn\ptijw s\vsImv lhnpw Iqntp aqv {]mhiyw Anbn tlmanWw.
AhnsS ]qPnp shnp Pe]m{Xw Ahv sImSpWw. shw sImv Fsmw
Bhiyfptm AsXmw CXpsImv \ndthWw Fv ]dpsImmWv shw

sImSptXv.
XXx kam]vtX aWn ]qw ZnW ]mZa`nlc
n {]ZnWana\p]cn{Ita.
17
Iw kam]nXn\ptijw BZyw hetIm FSppshpsImv Fgptv Ansb
{_ZnWw shWw.
XtXm {_mWm kzkvXnhmNbnXzm kl `
mPytijw {]miv\obm. ]qw ]pam ].
m kv{Xo; \tNmnjvSahtijtb. XXkv
Xu kl kwhtkXmajvScm{Xw XYmhn[ ]cn
ZmtZh N kymXmw, XtYjvS]p{Xw P\tXbmw.
18
AXn\ptijw
{_mW\n\nv
A\p{Klw
hmnbnv
b
injvSLrXw
`mthmSpIqSn XnWw. BZyw `mhpw ]noSv `mcybpamWv XntXv. s\v Xotc
_mn shmsX cpt]cpw XnpXoWw. AXn\ptijw FgpZnhkw cpt]cpw
Hcpanp hknWw. GXv hn[nep thj`qjmZnI [cnppthm B hn[nep
kmt\mev]mZ\w DmIpXmbncnpw.
bmXp kv{Xo iymaw temlnXmw hyqtVmckvIw a
lm_mlpw N ]p{XamimkoX, bmhm IrjvWw Ir
jvWarZpZoLtIiw ipmw ipw tXPkzn\am
hw, Gj Ghm\tbmc]n tlmahn[nx Inp
]cn_l hyw kym, ]p{Xhm\pcq]kvXp
bYmiox ]cn_tlm\y Imcyx kym.
19
GsXmcp kv{Xo iymafhambpw Nph IpItfmSpIqSnbpw hnkvXmchpw DbXpamb
DctmSpIqSnbpw, ZoL_mlptfmSpIqSnbpw D ]p{Xs\ B{Klnppthm AYhm
GsXmcp kv{Xo IrjvWhhpw Idpv arZphmb ZoLap tIihpw shfp Ipw
shfp ]pw tXPkznbpw B_ehpw D ]p{Xs\ B{Klnppthm Ahp
tlmahn[n Cu ]dXp{]Imcsamw XsbmIpp. Fm ]cn_lw AXmbXv
Bk\w,
hncnv,
hkv{Xw,
]pjv]w
apXembh
A`nejnX
]p{Xhm\pktcWbpXmbncnWw.
iq{Zm Xp \akvImctah IpcymZv tZhmn ZznP
KpcpX]kzn knt`yx.
20
iq{Zkv{XobmsWn tZhX, An, {_mW Kpcp, X]kzn, kn
Fnhsc tIhew \akvcnm am{Xw aXn. CjvSkm\ em`apmIpw.

bmbm bYmhn[w hp{XamimkoX XkymkvXkymkv

Xmw ]p{Xmin] a\p\niayXmwkvXm P\]Zma\
km\p ]cn{Imatb, Xm\\p]cn{Iay bm bm tbjmw
P\]Zm\mw a\pjymWma\pcq]w ]p{XamimkoX km
km tXjmw tXjmw P\]Zm\mamlmchnlmtcm]Nmc
hcnZm\\phn[kvtXzXn hmNymkymx CtXyX
kw ]p{Xminjmw karnIcw IhymJym
Xw `hXn.
21
GtXXv kv{Xo GtXXv hn[nep ]p{Xs\ B{Klnppthm AXmXv hn[nep
kv{XobpsS B ]pt{Xsb a\memnbnv AXn\pkcn P\ hknp tZinse
P\sf a\n Nnnphm ]dbWw. GtXXv kv{Xo GtXXv tZinse
a\pjy\pcq]amb
]p{Xs\
B{Klnppthm
AXmXv
P\fptSXmb
BlmchnlmcD]Nmchkv{X
]cn[m\mZnI
ioenphm
]dbWw.
C{]Imcw
B{Klnp hn[nep kmt\mev]mZ\w DmIphm\p karnIcamb Cu apgph
{]hntbbpw hnhcnsp.
\ Xp Jep tImhetaXmtZh IsshtijyIcw `hXn
22

A]n Jep tXtPm[mXpc]ypZImcn[mXp {]mtbm

hZmXh Itcm`hXn. ]rYhn hmbp[mXp{]mbx
IrjvWhIcx. ka k[mXp{]mbx iymah
Icx.
Fm icocn\v hhntijw DmIphm ta]d Iw am{Xw aXnbmIpX.
tXtPm[mXphpw
Pe[mXphpw
BImi[mXphpw
anhmdpw
Kuchs
DmpXmIpp. ]rYnho[mXphpw hmbp[mXphpw anhmdpw Idpv hs
DmpXmIpp. anhmdpw Fm [mXpfpw kaambncpm iymahs
DmpXmbncnpw.
]alm`qXv ChnsS ]d hn[n B[nIyapmbm AXmXn\pkcn
hn[nep km\ DmIpXmbncnpw.
kXz sshtijyIcmWn ]p\kvtXjmw tXjmw {]m
Wn\mw amXm]nXrkXzm\yhX\ymx {ipXtbiv
Nm`ovWw tkzmNnXw N I kXzw hntijm`ym
ktXn.
23
]ns a\n\v hyXymkw DmIpXv AXmXv PohnbpsS amXm]nXmmcpsS
a\nXn\pkcnpw K`nWn \nccw tIpsImncnp kw`mjW\pkcnpw
]qPmnX I^en\pkcnpw BIpp.
btYmt\ hn[nt\m] kwkvIrX icoctbmx kv
{Xo ]pcpjtbmkvXp an{io`mham]tbmx ip{Iw
timWntX\ kl ktaXym hym]t\ tbm\mh\p]
lXmbmw A{]ZpjvtS K`mitb K`a`n\nhb
tXyImt\. bYm \nte hmkkn kp]cnI]n
tX cRvP\w kapZnX KpWap]\n]mXmtZh cmKa`n
\nhbXn, XZz, bYm hm ocw Z[v\m`nj
Xa`njhWmZv hnlmb kz`mhw B]ZytX Z[n`mhw
ip{Iw XPzm.
24
Cu ]d hn[n{]Imcw kwkvIrXamb icoctmSpIqSnb kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw ]ckv]cw
tNp ssaYp\n tZmjclnXamb ip{Iw tZmjclnXamb K`mibnhp
tZmjclnXamb ctmSv tNm \nbambpw kmt\mev]mZ\w DmIpw.
F{]Imcsam ]cnipamb hkv{Xn GXv hw apnbmepw B hw
hyambpw tim`npXmbncnpw. hkv{Xw ipasn hhpw tim`npX.
AXpt]mseXs
]m
ssXtcmSp
tNm
]m
Xs
kz`mhs
hnp
ssXcmbnocpXpt]mse ipw chpambn tNm K`ambn ]cnWanpXmbncnpw.
Gha`n \nam\ky K`ky Xp kv{Xo ]pcp
jtXzm tlXpx ]qapx.
25
C{]Imcw DmIp K`w kv{Xotbm ]pcpjt\m Bbnocphm\p ImcWw apv
AXpeytKm{Xobmymbn ]dnpv. ip{I_mlpeym ]pam Bh _mlpeym
kv{Xo CXn kp{iptX.
bYm ln _oPa\X]vXap]vXw kzmw kzmw {]Ir
Xna\p hn[obtX {holnhm {hnlnXzw bthm hm
bhXzw, XYm kv{Xo]pcpimh]n btYmw tlXp
hn`mKa\nhn[nbtX.
26
Fm F{]Imcw tZmjclnXamb ip{ItimWnX AXmXns {]IrXn\pkcn
hn[n D]mZnnppthm AXmbXv s\v \m s\pw bhw \m bhhpw A{]Imcw
kv{Xobpw
]pcpj\pw
B
]dbs
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26

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kv{Xoba`nkaoy {]mKv hyn`mhmZv K`ky
]pwkh\auj[assky ZZym.
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Iw
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Fv hyamIpXn\p apv B kv{Xov ]pwkh\auj[w sImSpWw.
tKmjvtT PmXky \yt{Km[ky {]mKpcm`ymw imJm
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`ymw Zpt]Xm`ymw Kuckj]m`ymw hm kl Z[v
\n {]n]y ]ptjy Et ]nt_. XssYh A
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n]y ]ptjy\ ]nt_ XYm I\Iabx cmP
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jvSky ]Nyam\tkymjvamWap]{LmbXsskyh N
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cv Dgpv ]cntm shSptIm FSpp ssXcntNp ]qw \{Xn IpSnWw.
CXpt]mseXs PohIw, CShIw, ISemSn, Icnpdnn Ch Hmtcmmtbm Cucmtbm
aqpw IqSntbm \meps# HcpanptNtm CjvSm\pkcWw Acp ]men tNp Imn
]qw \{Xn IpSnWw. AXpt]mseXs IpUyIoShpw aytIm{Zhpw Hcp
ssIpSbn sImp shn Acp ]qw \{Xn IpSnWw. (Cu
IpUyIoSIhpw aytIm{Zhpw ]ecpw ]ehn[n ]dpImWpXpsImv AXv
FmsWv icnbmb \nbanmXn\m ChnsS AXpt]mse Xs ]dXmIpp.)
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kzw,
shn,
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sImp ssXcntem ]mentem shntem Cv AXv apgph ]qw \{Xn
IpSnWw. ]qw \{XnXs Acn Acp thhnp AXns NqSp Bhn
izknpIbpw AXns ckn Xs XpWnapn hoSns aphis ISve]Snbn
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P\nphm\p hn[n C{]ImcapmIpp. kv{Xo km\amWv thsXn CSs aqn
DnWw. Cu ]dXv IqSmsX {_mWtcm av BNmcymtcm assmw ]pkh\{Inb
]dnptm Ahbpw CjvSm\pkcWw A\pjvSnmhpXmWv.
Cu ]pwk]\{Inb kp{ipXw imcocnepw AjvSmwK kw{Klw imcocnepw CXnepw
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AX Duzw K`m]\m\n hymJymkymbx. sF
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29

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kvssXcp]mbmKhn[n`nx. CXn K`m]\m\n
hymJymXm\n `hn.
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(\mK_em) hmSy]pjv]o (alm_em), hnizIv tk\Imm (]nngv) Fo Huj[sf
incntem hes Intem [cnWw. Cu Huj[ tNp Imnb ]mtem s\tm
IpSnWw Cu Huj[fnp Imnb shwsImv Fm ]qw \{Xnepw IpfnWw.
Cu Huj[sf Ftmgpw kv]inWw. AXpt]mseXs Poh\ob KWn ]d
Fm Hj[fpw GtXXv hn[n{]Imcw D]tbmKnmtam B hn[n{]Imcsamw
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GIoIcn A`n{]mbw an hymJymXmpw DXmbnmWpp.
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timjnWa_ea]NnXw hm, Ijmb\nXym iymhw B\mln\apZmhn\w hm bZv b
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0
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A\pNnXhpamb hymbmaw sNpI, AXnXovWhpw kv]inepw hocynepw
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sNpw. AXpt]mseXs A`nLmXw GevpItbm K`mibw FhnsSsbnepw
shapt]mIpItbm Ipntem Ipgnbntem hogpItbm Dbcn\nv Xmsg
hogpItbm Dbcn\nv Xmsg t\mpItbm atm sNbvXmepw ImesamsX
{]khnpt]mIpw. A[nIw Ipepap hml\n Ibdn bm{X sNbvXmepw
{]nbam i_vZhpw henb i_vZhpw tImepw K`w ]Xnpt]mIpw. K`nWn \nccw

FgptevpItbm InSpItbm sNbvXm \m`n\mUn K`ns Igpn

NpsSpIbpw Ipn acnpt]mIpIbpw sNpw. Xpd ev InSpdpIbpw cm{Xn
NpnkcnpIbpw sNp kv{Xo D iniphns\ {]khnpw. Ftmgpw Ielnp
sImncnp kv{Xo A]kvamcap iniphns\ {]khnpw. K` {]m]vXnptijw
\nccw ssaYp\w sNp kv{Xo {]khnp iniphns\ icocw timjntm
hnIrXamtbm CcnpIbpw kv{Xo kz`mhapht\m kv{XohiKXt\m BbncnIbpw
sNpw. Ftmgpw ZpxJapXmb K`hXn {]khnp iniphn\v Ftmgpw `bhpw
icocw saenpw Aev]mbpmbpw Ccnpw. aphsc t{Zmlnp kz`mhap
K`nWn aphv ZpxJapmpXpw CujybpXpw kv{Xo kz`mhapXpw Bb
km\s {]khnpw. Ifhv sNp K`nWn {Iqc\pw NXnb\pw Akqb DXpw
Bb km\s {]khnpw. Ftmgpw Ddp kz`mhap K`nWn aSnb\pw aqJ\pw
Aev]mnbpXpamb km\s {]khnpw. Ftmgpw aZyw IpSnp K`nWnv
Ftmgpw Zmlw IqSpXepXpw [mcWminbnmXpw Nn ncXbnmXpamb
km\w DmIpw. K`nWn DSpns amwkw Xnm Ipnv icmivacntbm
iss\tltam DmIpw. K`nWn ]namwkw Xnm Iv NphXpw icocw XSnXpw
lnwkm ioeapXpw ]cp]cp tcmaapXpamb Ipnsb {]khnpw. K`nWn Ftmgpw
ayw
XnpXmbm
Ah
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Iv
Ftmgpw
angnpXsbncnpw. K`nWn a[pcw IqSpX D]tbmKnm {]taltcmKamtXm
aqIt\m AXnqet\m Bb km\w DmIpw. K`nWn ]pfn IqSpXembp]tbmKnm
AhfpsS Ipnv c]ntam XzKv tcmKtam t\{XtcmKtam DmIpw. Dv
IqSpXep]tbmKnphfpsS Ipnv Pcm\cbpw Ijnbpw Wn DmIpw. Fcnhv
IqSpXembp]tbmKnphv
Zp_et\m
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km\apmImtXm Bb Ipn P\npw. Ibv]pckw IqSpXembp]tbmKnphv
[mXptimjnbpw Zp_et\m Irit\m Bb km\apmIpw. Nhv ckw
IqSpXembp]tbmKnphv
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B\mltcmKtam
DZmhtcmKaptXm Bb Ipn P\npw. GtXXv {Zhyw D]tbmKnm GtXXv tcmKw
DmIpsav ]dbsSppthm AXmXv {Zhyw K`nWn D]tbmKnm AXmXn\pkcn
tcmKw iniphnpmIpXmbncnpw. amXrP\yamb A]NmcwsImv km\n\v
lm\nbpmIpsav ]dXpt]mseXs ]nXrP\yamb A]NmcwsImv iptZmjw
\nanambn km\n\v lm\nbpmIpXmWv. C{]Imcw Kt`m]LmXIcamb
`mhsf hnhcnsp.
XkvamZlnXm\mlmc hnlmcm {]PmkXan
n hntitjW htb kt[zmNmcm Nmm\m
ap]NtcnXm`ymamlmchnlmcm`ymanXn.
31
AXpsImv \ km\w thWsam{Klnp kv{Xo hntijnpw AlnXamb Blmc
hnlmcsf hnWw. kZmNmcnWnbmbh lnXIcamb BlmchnlmcsImv
kzbw
]cn]menWw.
(]pcpj\pw
CXpt]mseXs
lnXIcamb
BlmchnlmcsImv _oPipn DmtXmWv.) K`nWnv lnXIcamb
Blmchnlmcsf kp{ipXw imcocw 10mw Aymbn hnhcnnpv.
hym[owmkym arZpa[pcininc kpJkpIpamc {]m
ssbcuj[mlmtcm]Nmssccp]Ntc. \ Nmkym h
a\hotcN\intcmhntcN\m\n {]tbmPtb. \ cIv
XahtkNtb, kIme \mm]\a\phmk
\w hm IpcymZ\y{XmXybnImZv hymt[x. AjvSaw
amkap]mZmbha\mZn kmt[yjp ]p\hnImtcjzm
XybntIjp arZp`nha\mZn`nx XZ\pImcn`nthm]
Nmcx kym ]qanh ssXe]m{Xakwtm`bnbzm
hXv\n `hXyp]Ncym.
32
K`nWnv
tcmKapmbm
arZphocy
a[pcioXfkpJIckpIpamc{]mbamb
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Ch {]tbmKncpXv ctamWw sNcpXv. B]camb tcmKfpsnemsX

Hcpepw IjmbhkvXnbpw kvt\lhkvXnbpw sNcpXv. Fmw amkn\ptijw ha\

hntcN\wsImv
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arZphmb
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^ehn shpIbpw ha\n\v Ihn{Inb sNpXpw XYImcnbmIpp. ssXew
\nd ]m{Xw ssIhiw shm CfInbm ssXew ]pdtv t]mIpXpt]mse
K`nWnsb NnInnptm A]mIX kw`hnm K`]mX\n\nSbmIpw.
kmtNZ]NmcmZv Zztbm kv{Xojp hm amtkjp ]p
cpjw ]tiymkym K`w mkyXoXn hnZym.
APmXkmcmln Xkvan Imte `hn Kt`.
33
A]y ioewsImv K`nWnv cmattbm aqmattbm amkn cPx
{kmhapmIpIbmsWn B K`w \npXsdnbWw. ImcWw B Imefn
K`w kmchmbnocpX.
kmtNXpjv{]`rXnjp amtkjp t{Im[timImkq
tb]ym `b{Xmk hyhmb hymbma kwtm` k
mcW hnjami\ ib\m\p ]n]mkmZy
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`m]\ hn[nap]tZymax. ]pjvZi\mtZss\
hmw {_qbmb[w XmharZp kpJinincmkvX
cWmkvXo aojZh\X inckvIw {]Xn]Zytky
Xn. XtXm bjvSoa[pI kn`ymw ]caininchm
cnWo kwnXm`ymw ]nNpammthym] kao
t] m]tb. XkymkvXbm iX[uX kl{k
[uXm`ymw kn`ymw At[m \mt`x {]Znlym, k
X Kthy\tN\mw ]bkm kpiotX\ a[pImw
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cnWmw Ijmb{ZpamWm kzak ]cn]oXm\n tN
em\n {Kmltb. \yt{Km[mZnkotbm hm o
ckntjmx ]nNpw {Kmltb AXss hcam
{Xw {]mitb, {]mitbZzm tIhe ocknx
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icm telmw ZZym irwKmSI ]pjvIc_o
P IticpIm `Wmw. K{]nbwKkotXm
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[pimw cimeo\mtamZ\w arZpkpc`nioXw t`m
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e]pIctk\ hm LrX kwkvIrtX\ kpJin
intcm]hmXtZim`ymw t`mPtb. XYm t{Im[timIm
bmtkhyhmb hymbmaXm`nct. kuaym`niv
ssN\mw IYm`nat\m \pIqem`nx D]mkoX. XYm
ky K`kvXnjvTn.
34
K`nWn \memas amkw apX t{Im[w, ZpxJw, Akqb, Cujy, `bw, t]Sn, ssaYp\w,
hymbmaw, icoctm`w, aeaq{XmZn thK[mcWw, hnjaib\w, hnjacq]n \npI.
hnjacq]n CcnpI, AXnbmbn hniv klnpI Fnh \nanamtbm
AXnXovW

AXypjvW
\nXmlmcmZnI
\nanamtbm
cPx{kmhw
ImWpXmbncnpw. Ans\bp K`nWnbpsS K`m]\ hn[n D]tZinpXcmw.
cPx{kmhw Im AhtfmSv arZpXzapXpw kpJIcambnpXpw ioXfhpamb hncnn
Xe Aev]w Xmgvn Im Aev]w Dbn InSm ]dbWw. Ccna[pc Nqhpw
s\pw Ghpw XWp shn tNp AXn XpWn apn AhfpsS tbm\nbn

shWw. \mev]macsh \m`nv Imgw apgph\pambn \hw ]pcWw. XWp

]msImtm Ccn a[pcIjmbwsImtm \yt{Km[mZn KWIjmbw sImtm \m`np
Xmsg [mcsNWw. AYhm XWp shn apnbncppItbm thWw.
\mev]macnttbm Nhv ckap hrnttbm kzckn XpWn apn
tbm\nbn [cnWw. AYhm \yt{Km[mZn KpWIjmbw tNp Imnb ]mtem s\tm
apnb XpWn (]nNp) tbm\nbn [cnWw. AYhm CXn\nv aqv Igv
tkhnpItbm tIhew ocknv tkhnpItbm sNWw. shmac, \oemac,
sNmac ChbpsS An tX\pw ]kmcbpw tNp telmw sImSpWw.
irwKmSIw, Xmacpcp, Ibnap Ch Xnm sImSpWw. Rmhqhv,
\oemacngv, Anmb, Bensamv Ch Bn]men ]mjmbapmn
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Icnnthcv, ImtImfn Chbnp Imnb ]men sNscnbnp tNmdpmn tX\pw
]kmcbpw tNp sImSpWw. Cu tNmdp \hw thhnpw K{Zhyw tNpw
XWpnpw sImSpWw. AYhm emhn, Xnncn, IpcwKam, iw_cam, apb,
lcnWw, GWw, Ime]pIw (Ch aqpw am XsbmIpp.) ChbpsS amkckn
s\v tNp AXpw Iqn sNcntmdv kpJ{]Zhpw ioXfhpw \ ImpXpamb
encpp c{kmhap K`nWn DWw. AXpt]mseXs t{Im[w, timIw,
icocmbmkw, ssaYp\w, hymbmaw Chbn\nv cnpIbpw thWw. kuayambnpXpw
at\m\pIqeambnpXpamb IYIsImv AhfpsS a\ns\ cnWw. Cu
hn[nsemw sNbvXm AhfpsS K`w ]Xnpt]mImsX \npXmbncnw.
Xkymx ]p\cmam\zbm ]pjv]Zi\w kym {]m
bkvXkykvXZv K`t_m[Iw `hXn hncpm]{Ia
Xzm Xtbmx.
35
K`nWnv
\memas
amkwapX
BatZmjP\yamb
ImcWw
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c{kmhapmIpIbmsWn
anhmdpw
B
c{kmhw
K`s
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]ckv]cw hncpamIpp. AXmbXv BatZmjn\v DjvWXovWmZn NnIn sNWw.
Fm Cu NnInk c{kmhs hnnpIbpw K`]mX\apmpIbpw sNpw.
K`m]\n\pthn ioX arZp BZn NnInk sNptm BatZmjw hnpIbpw
c{kmhw hnpIbpw Xnanw K`]mX\apmIpIbpw sNpw.
bkymx ]p\cpjvWXovtWm]tbmKmZv K`nWym a
lXn kwPmXkmtc Kt`m ]pjv]Zi\w kymZt\ym
hmtbm\n{kmhx, hrnw \ {]m]vt\mXn \nx {kp
XXzm. k ImemcahXnjvTtXXnam{Xw, Xap
]hnjvSIanXymNtX tINn.
36
K`w hfp hepXmbm K`nWnbpsS DjvWXovWmZn {ZhyfpsS D]tbmKw sImv
c{kmhtam av hn[nep tbm\n {kmhtam Dmbm AhfpsS K`w ]ns
hfcpX. Ans\bp {kmhw \nanw K`w thXpt]mse hfcmbvIbm AYhm
timjnpIbm bYmkabw {]khnmsX K`mibnXs \npXmbncnpw.
Imemcn K`w ]pjnSnsSpIbpw {]khnpIbpw sNpw. CXn\v Nne BNmcym
D]hnjvSK`w Fv ]dbpp.
D]hmk{hXI]cmtbmx ]p\x IZmlmcmbmx kvt\
ltZzjnWm\ymtkhambm Kt`m hrow\m]vt\m
Xn ]cnipjvIXzm, k Nm]n ImemcahXnjvT
tX Xnam{Xakv]\ `hXn, Xp \mtKmZcan
XymNtX.
37
D]hmk
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kv]\w

IqSpXembpmIpw. AXns\ \mtKmZcw Fv ]dbpp.

\mtcymkvXtbmcp`tbmcNn ZznNnInknX hntij
ap]tZymax. `uXnI Poh\ob _rwlWob a[pc
hmXIlc knm\mw knjmap]tbmKx. \mtKmZ
tc Xp tbm\n hym]nnjvSw ]bkmama K`m
Wmw K`hrnIcmWm kwt`mP\tassXtch kn
ss LrXmZn`nx kp_p`pmbmw. A`ov
Ww bm\hml\m] am\mh Prw`ssWcp]]mZ\
anXn.
38
D]hnjvSIn\pw \mtKmZcn\pw D NnIn D]tZinpXcmw. `uXnIw AXmbXv
`qtXmamZm]kvamc ia\mb hXmKpKpeymZn {Zhy Poh\obKWw, _rwlWobKWw,
a[pcKWw,
hmXlcuj[
Ch
tNpImnb
s\v
D]tbmKnWw.
\mtKmZcnemIs tbm\nhym]n \ntin ]mepw Ba K`n\v ]d
Huj[fpw av K`hrnIcamb {]tbmKfpw ioenWw. \ hnipsn Cu
]d Huj[ tNpImnb s\v tNp Blmcw IgnpIbpw thWw. \nccw
hml\w, IpXnc, HIw apXembhbn Ibdnbp khmcnbpw kvXm\m`ywKmZn Ah
am\hpw {]nbmizmk hN\mZn AhPrw`Whpw ioenWw.
bkymx ]p\cpZmh \n_x kyZjvSta am
tk \ Nm\phmk\ km[yw a\ytX, aXkvXkymkv
XZznImc {]ia\ap]It]tbncqlw, DZmhtm
lypt]tym K`w k K`mw K`nWow hm \n]m
Xtb.
39
K`nWnv Fmas amkn DZmhtcmKapmbnv ae_apmIpIbmsWn
AXv kvt\lhkvXnsImv ianpIbnsv a\nembm AhnsS IjmbhkvXn sNWw.
ImcWw AhnsS DZmhn\v NnIn sNbvXnsn B DZmhw s]sv
K`tbpw K`nWntbbpw IqSntbm AYhm K`ttbm \innpXmbncnpw.
X{X hocW imen jjvTnI Ipi Imtip _m
enIm thXk ]cnhym[ aqem\mw `qXnIm\m Im
ivacy ]cqjI a[pI arZzoIm\m ]bkmtm
ZtI\ DZvKa ckw ]nbme hn`oXIa XneI
w kw{]bpw CujvWhWw A\XypjvWm \n
cqlw ZZym, hy]KX \n_mss\mw kpJk
eoe ]cnjnmwKow sscyIcahnZmln\ am
lmcw `phXow kmbw a[pcIknt\ ssXte
\m\phmktb, \yp_vPmtz\matm]\m\phm
k\m`ymap]Ntc.
40
DZmh\miI\ncqlw cmaw, sNsn thcv, hcns\nthcv, Ipithcv, Imi
Cp_menI (Cpt`Zw), hnthcv, Bv hnthcv, ]qXWv, sImSpqhthcv, IapZn
thcv, Nno, Ccna[pcw, apncn ChsbmwIqSn ]IpXn shw tN ]men
Ijmbw shsSpp AXn apc acmbbpsS abpw Fpw Acp tNp Aev]w
Dpw tNp sNdpNqSn hkvXn sNWw. Cu hkvXnsImv AhfpsS ae_w amdnbm
NqSnshn Ipfnnp K`m]\Ichpw hnZmls DmImXpamb Blmcw
sImSpp sshIptcw Ccna[pcw Cp Imnb ssXewsImv kvt\lhkvXn sNWw.
At[mapJnbmbn InSphsf kvt\lhkvXnsImpw IjmbhkvXnsImpw D]NcnWw.

bkymx ]p\cXnam{X tZmtm]NbmZzm XovtWm

Xnam{X tkh\mZzm hmXaq{X]pcojwthK[m
cssW hm hnjami\ ib\m\ kw]oUss\
hm t{Im[timtIjymkqbm `b{XmkmZn`n hm A

41

]sscx I`ncx Iyu Kt`m {aobtX. Xkymx

kvXnanXw kvX_v[apZcamXXw ioXaivamKXan
h `hXykv]t\m K`x, iqea[nIap]PmbtX, \
Nmhyx {]mZp`hn, tbm\n \ {]{khXyn
Wo Nmkyx {kkvtX `hXx. XmayXohybtX {`a
tX izknXycXn _lpem N `hXn \ hmky thK.
{]mZp`mthm hm bYmhZp]e`ytX, CtXyhw e
Wmw kv{Xobmw arXKt`banXn hnZym.
arXK`
kv{Xo
eWw

tZmj
AXnbmbn
hnpIsImtm
XovtWmjvW{Zhy AXnbmbn ioenpIsImtm At[mhmX aq{X aemZnthKsf
XSppIsImtm
hnjami\wsImtm
hnjacq]n
InSpI,
CcnpI,
apXembhsImtm hbcv FhnsSsbnepw shap t]mIpIsImtm A`nLmXwsImtm
t{Im[w,
ZpxJw,
Cujy,
Akqb,
`bw,
t]Sn
apXembhsImtm
av
kmlk{]hnIsImtm K`mibn hp K`w acnpt]mIpXmbncnpw.
Ans\bp kv{XobpsS hbcv kvXnanXambpw (XpWn \\nXpt]msebpw) kvXw`npw
hopw XWppw Dn IpXpt]msebpancnpw. kv]\w DmIpX, iqethZ\
IqSpXembncnpw. {]khthZ\ DmIpX. bmsXmcphn[ tbm\n{kmhhpw DmIpX.
AhfpsS In\v inYneXbpmIpw. IncpSbvpw, ZpJapmIpw. XeNpepmIpw.
izmkKXn IqSpXepmIpw. AcXnbpmIpw. Ahv aeaq{XmZnthK DmIpX
C{]Imcap
eWtfmSpIqSnb
kv{Xosb
hbcnshp
Ipn
acnpt]mbhfmsWdnbWw.
Xky K`ky Pcmbp{]]mX\w, I ia\anXym
lptimI. a{mZnIaYthZ hnlnXantXytI. ]
cnZrjvSIWm ieml{Xm BlcWantXytI.
42
arXK` NnInk B arXK`cq]nep ieys PcmbpklnXw Huj[ {]tbmKw
sImv ]pdtv IfbWw Fv Nne BNmcym ]dbpp. Nne BNmcym
AYthZn ]d a{sImv ]pdtv hcpWw Fp ]dbpp. \
]cnNbap ikv{X{Inbm hnZKvm ikv{X{Inb sNbvX arXK`s FSppIfbWw
Fv av Nne BNmcym ]dbpp. AXmbXv Hj[{]tbmK sImpw a{{]tbmK
sImpw arXK`s ]pdtv hcpphm km[nnsn ikv{X{Inb sNbvXp
]pdtsSpWw.
ieyfn hp apJyamb ieyw K`ieyamWv AXv DSs\ ]pdtsSpp IfbWw
FmWv ikv{X{Inbm hnZKv\mb kp{ipXmNmcyaXw K`ieyamlmcymWw. CXn.
hy]KX K`ieymp kv{XnbamaK`mw kpcmko[m
cnjvS a[paZncmkhm\ma\yXaw At{K kmay
Xx ]mbtbX K`aInjvT hnipyanhn
kvacWmw {]ljWm. AXx ]cw
_rwlssW _em\pco`nx kvt\l {]bpss
bhmKzmZohm Xme tbmKn`ncmlmssccp]m Ntc
tZ tZmj[mXp tZ hntimjWam{Xw hm XImew
AXx ]cw kvt\l]mss\hkvXn`ncmlmc hn[n`n
Zo]\obPoh\ob _rwlWob a[pchmX l
ssccp]NmssccmNtc.
43
BaK`apXmb kv{XobpsS K`]m{Xnep ieyw ]pctv t]mbm DSs\Xs
K`mib ipnmbpw thZ\sb hnkvacnphm\pw {]kX DmIphm\pw Ahv
sshZys kmayn\\pkcnv kpcm, ko[p, AcnjvSw, a[p, aZnc, Bkhw Fo
aZyfntesXnepw
sImSpWw.
AXn\ptijw
_rwlWobhpw
icoc_es
cnpXpw Fm kvt\l{Zhyw tNmXpamb bhmKp, hnte]n apXembh
sImSpWw. Cu hn[nep Blmcw namb tZmjn\v timjw hcpXphsc
XmevmenIambn am{Xsa sImSpphm ]mSpq. AXn\ptijw kvt\l]m\w,

kvt\lhkvXn, kv\nKvXbp Blmcw apXembhsImpw Zo]\obhpw Poh\obhpw

_rwlWobhpw a[pcckapXpw hmXlcambnpXpambhsImpw D]NcnWw.
K`w Ftm K`mibnshp acnpt]mIppthm Atm AXn\v ieyw Fv
]dbpp. ImcWw Cu K`ieyw IqSpX kabw K`mibn \npt]mIpIbmsWn
AXv K`nWnbpsS acWn\v ImcWambnocpXmWv.
]cn]IzK`ieymbmx ]p\hnap K`ieybmkv
XZltch kvt\mtlm]Nmcx kymx
44
amkw XnInv Ipn K`mibn hp acnp t]mIpIbpw ]noSv AXns\ Huj[w
sImtm
a{wsImtm
ikv{X{InbsImtm
]pdtsSppIbpw
sNbvXm
ApXs kvt\tlm]Nmcw sNtXmIpp.
Atm amkw XnIbm K`mibn hp acnpt]mb Ipnsb ]pdtsSpm
namb tZmjw tijnphsc kvt\tlm]Nmcw sNcpsXv taev]dXv {]tXyIw
{intXmWv.
]catXm \nnImcam]ytb am\ky K`ky amtk
amtk I D]tZymax {]Yaamtk inX tNZv
K`am]m oca\p]kvIrXw am{XmhnXw Im
te ]nt_. kmay t`mP\w {]mX
`pRvPnX.
45
C\n hnImcsfmpanmsX hfphcpXmb K`n\v Hmtcm amkhpw sNtp
hn[n D]tZinpXcmw. K`w [cnnpsv kwibw tXmnbm Av apX cmhnse
`Wn\v apmbn Huj[sfmpanp kwkvcnm XWp ]m DNnXamb
am{Xambn IpSnWw. cmhntebpw sshIptchpw kmyamb Blmcw IgnpIbpw
thWw.
ZznXotbamtk octah N a[pcuj[ knw
46
cmas amkn a[pcuj[fnpImnb ]m IpSnWw. cpt\chpw
kmymlmcw IgnpIbpw thWw. CXv Fm amkhpw ioentXmWv.
XrXotb amtk ocw a[pkn`ymap]kwkrPy
aqmas amkn ]m tX\pw s\pw tNp sImSpWw.
NXpt amtk Xp oc\h\oXa am{Xa
i\obm.
48
\memas amkn ]men\nsSp sh Hcp Igv XnWw. AYhm
]m IpSnpIbpw thWw.
]mX amtk ocknx
49
Amas amkn ]men s\v tNp IpSnWw. AYhm
]men\nsSpp s\v D]tbmKnWw.
jjvtT amtk ockn a[pcuj[knw.
Bdmas amkn a[pcuj[fnpImnb ocknv D]tbmKnWw.
XtZh k]vXta amtk.
51
Bdmas amkn ]dXpt]mseXs Ggmas amknepw sNWw.
X{X K`ky tIim Ptbam\mamXp hnZmlw P\bo
Xn k{Xntbm `mjt, XtXn `Khm\mt{Xbx In
p Kt`m]oU\mZv hmX]n tjvamW Dcx {]m
]y hnZln. XXx IWvUqcp]PmbtX, IWvUp
aqem N In#vIimhm]vXn `hXn.
52
Ggmas amkn K`n\v XeapSn DmIptm amXmhn\v hnZmlw DmIpp
Fp kv{XoI ]dbpp. AXv icnbsmWv Bt{Xb `Khm ]dbpXv. (ImcWw
aqmas amkn AwK{]XywK DmIptmXs incn tcmahpw
DmIpXmWv.) hnZmlw DmIpsXpsImsm K`w hfcptm DZcn
D]oU\apmIpXpsImv hmX]nI^ Dcn {]m]nnmWv hnZmls

DmpXv. Cu hnZmlw sImv hbcn sNmdn DmIpp. Cu sNmdnsImv

DZcNn Iod DmIpp (Striagravidarum) Fv ]dbpp.
X{X tImtemZtI\ \h\oXky a[pcuj[ kn
ky ]mWnXe am{Xassky ]mXpw hnZZym. ]
\ arWmf Issmkymx kvXt\mZcw hnarZv
Kobm, inco [mXIo kj] a[pI Nqssx
IpSPmI _oPapkvXlcn{Zm Iss hm, \nw
_temI kpck aRvPnjvSm Iss hm, ]rj
cnW iicp[ncbpXbm {Xn^ebm hm, Ichoc
I]{X knt\ hm ssXte\m`ywKx. ]cntjIx
]p\m\Xoa[pI knt\mw `km PmXIWvUq
bm N IWvUqb\w htb XzKvt`Z\ sshcq
]y ]cnlmcmw AiIymbmy IWvUzw Da
t\mZvLjWm`ymw ]cnlmcxkym a[pcamlm
cPmXw hmXlcw A]a] kvt\l ehWat]m
ZIm\p ]m\ `pRvPoX.
53
Innk NnIn sNmdnntem Innktam Dmbm Ahv a[pcuj[ tNp
Imnb sh aqv Ign sImSpp A\p]m\ambn epcphns Ijmbw sImSpWw.
CXv cmhnse cmhnse sImSpWw. N\hpw Xmachfbpw IqSn Acp AhfpsS
kvX\fnepw DZcnepw tXWw. Asn s\t\nhmIsmen, XmXncnqhv, ISpIv,
Ccna[pcw ChbpsS Nqtam ISImebcn, Xpfknbcn, ap, a Ch ActXm
thnsXmen, epcp, Xpfknbcn, antmev Ch ActXm ]rjXw (lcnWhntijw)
am, apb ChbpsS cn {Xn^emNqw tNtm kvX\fnepw DZcnepw
]pcWw. Ichoc ]{Xns kzckn Imnb ssXewsImv kvX\fnepw DZcnepw
A`ywKw sNWw. ]nIqhpw Ccna[pchpw sImv th Ijmbw [mc sNWw.
s#npw
sNmdnn
DmIpIbmsWn
sImen
Iodhpw
sshcq]yhpw
DmImXncnm\mbn sNmdnbmXncnphm {inWw. sNmdnn klnm IgnbmsX
hm ssIsImtm XpWnsImv Dcknbnv sNmdnnens\ ]cnlcnWw. hmXlchpw
a[pcck{][m\hpamb Blmcw Aev]mev]w sImSpWw. Blmcn s\pw Dpw
Aev]w tNpIbpw thWw. Blmcw Ignptm shhpw Aev]wam{Xw IpSnpIbpw
thWw.
AjvSta amwtk ocbhmKqw knjvaXnw Imte
Imte ]nt_. XtXn `{ZIm]yx, ss]wKeymt_m
t[m lyky K`amKtXn. AkvXz{X ss]wK
eym_m[ CXyml `Khm ]p\kpcmt{Xbx. \
tly\ZImcyw. Ghw IpXn lymtcmKy _eh
kzckwl\\ kZpt]Xw mXo\maNn t{ijvT
a]Xyw P\bXn.
54
Fmas amknemIs ]mnbn s\v tNv BlmcImev IpSnWw. AXv
\Xsv `{ZIm]y ]dp. ImcWw K`ns hw ]nwKfambnt]mIpw. Atcw
Bt{Xb`Khm ]dp K`ns hw ]nwKfambnsms AXv hnNmcnp
]mn IpSnmXncncpXv. ImcWw ocbhmKp {]tbmKw sImv BtcmKyw, _ew,
h{]kmZw, kzcw, icocLS\ Chsbmw Ghpw t{ijvTambncnpIbpw Ans\ \
km\w
P\npIbpw
sNpw.
(Aev]tZmjapmIpsap
IcpXn
_lptZmjapmIphm\nSbmcpsXmWv Bt{XbaXw).
\hta Xp Jtez\mw amtk a[pcuj[ knt\ ssX
te\m\phmktb AXsshmkymkvssXe ]nNpw
tbm\u {]WtbZv K`m\ am kvt\l\m
w.
54
HXmas amkn K`nWnv a[pcuj[fnpImnb ssXewsImv kvt\lhkvXn
sNWw. K`\naamn\v kv\nKvX hcpphm Cu ssXew Xs ioebn \\p

(]nNp) tbm\nbn [cnpIbpw thWw.

bZnZwI{]Yawamkap]mZmtbm]ZnjvSam\hamam
kmtX\ K`nWym K`kamb K`[mtcW Ipn
ISo]miz ]rjvSw arZp`hXn. hmXm\ptemax
kZytX. aq{X]pcotj N {]IrX`qtX kptJ\
ammhm]tZytX. N\Jm\n N amhap]bm
n, _ehu tNm]NobtX, ]p{Xw tNjvSw k
Zpt]cpw kpJn\w kptJss\jm Imte {]PmbX
CXn.
55
Hmas amkw apX HXmas amkw hsc sNm ]d Cu I sNbvXm
AXpsImv K`nWnv K`\na kabpw K`[mcW kabpw Ipn, ISn,
]miz`mKw, ]rjvS`mKw Fo m\fn amhw DmIpw. hmbp A\ptemaamIpw.
aeaq{X {]IrXymXs bYmkabv ]pdtv t]mIpw. AXmbXv ae_tam
AXnkmctam Hpw DmIpX. sXmenpw \Jn\pw amhapmIpw. _ehpw h
{]kmZhpw DmIpIbpw sNpw. BtcmKytmSpIqSnb Da km\s bmsXmcp
hnjaahpw IqSmsX bYmkabv {]khnpXpambncnpw.
{]mIv ssNhmkym \ham amkm kqXnImKmcw
ImctbZ] lrXmn icm I]mte tZti
{]ikvX cq] ck Kmbmw `qau {]mKvZzmcapZ
KvZzmcw hm ss_ezm\mw IpjvTm\mw ssXpssIx
KpZIm\mw amXIm\mw hmcpWm\mw JmZncmWmw hm
bm\n ]m\ym\y]n {_mWmx iwtkbpcYthZ
hnZx, XZzk\mte]\mZ\m]n[m\ kZpt]Xw
hmkvXp hnZymlrZb tbmKmZn kentemepJe
hx m\kvXm\`qan alm\karXp kpJw N.
56
kqXnImKrlw HXmw amkn\papmbn K`nWnpthn kqXnImKmcw DmWw.
An, Iv, HmSv Chsbmpanm tZiv \ cq] ck KtfmSpIqSnb `qanbn
Ingtm hStm apJambn Iqhfw, ]\nn, HmSacw, tNdpacw, \oamXfw, Icnmen
FnhbntesXnepw acwsImv hoSpmWw. IqSmsX AYthZadnbp {_mWs
\ntin\pkcnpw hoSpmmhpXmWv. Cu kqXnImKmcw \ hkv{Xw sImv
adXpw taemv sInbXpw BbncnWw. \new hrnbpXmbncnWw hmkvXphnZym
hn[n{]Imcap Anm\w, Pem\w, Dcshphm\p m\w, Iqkv, Ipfnapdn,
ASpf
Chbpw
DmbncnWw.
AXmXrXphn\pkcn
kpJw
InpXpw
BbncntXmWv.
X{X knkvssXe a[psskh kuhe Im
eehW hnUwKIpWvT Imena\mKc ]nen ]n
eoaqe lkvXn]neo aWvUqI]tWyem emwK
eo hNmNhy Nn{XI NnchnezlnwKp kj] eip
\ IXI IWIWnIm \o]mXko hoP `q Ip
e ssatcb kpcmkhmx knXmx, XYmivam\mNcIkwlnXm
Zzu, tZz NmWvUapkte, tZz DZpJte, Jtcmhrj
`, Zzu N XovWu kqNn ]neIu kz
cmPXu, imkv{XmWn N XovWmbkm\n, Zzu N hn
ezabm ]cyu, ssXpssIwKpZm\n N, ImjvTm\y
n kqWm\n, kv{Xob _mtlym _
lpix {]PmXmx kulmbpmx kXXa\pcIv
Xmx {]ZnWmNmcmx {]Xn]nIpiemx {]IrXn
hkemkvXy hnjmZmx tiklnt\ym`naXmx
{_mWmYthZhntZm, bm\yZ]n X{X ka
w a\ytX, bm\y {_mWm{_qbx kv{Xn
b hrmkvX Imcyw
57

kqXnImKmcn s\v, F, tX, Cpv, kuhe ehWw, Imcpv, hngmecn, ic,

sImw, tZhXmcw, Npv, Xnen, ImpXnenthcv, Annen, apn, Gecn,
tatmnngv, hbv, ImpapfIv, sImSpthcnngv, Bhnncn, Imbw, ISpIv,
shfppn, tXmpcp, PocIw, ap, ISv, Aekn, IpcpapfIv, ]qXWv, apXnc,
ssatcbaZyw, kpcm Bkhw Ch DmbncnWw. cv Anv, cv De, cv Dc, Hcp
IgpX, Hcp Imf, kzwsImpw shnsImpw Dmnb cv kqNnbpwAXv shp
]m{Xhpw, Ccpv sImpmnb \ aqbp ikv{Xw, IqhfwsImpmnb cv
In, Inphm ]\nnbptSbpw HSacntbpw hndIv FnhbpmbncnWw.
[mcmfw {]khn kv{XoI DmbncnWw. Ah ssa{Xo`mhaphcpw A\pcmKaphcpw
{]khmNmc
sNpXn
kmayaphcpw
IIuieyaphcpw
\
kz`mhaphcpw
ZpxJanmhcpw Fv
tihpw
klnphm
Xmdphcpw
BbncnWw. kqXnImKmcn AY thZadnbp {_mWcpw DmbncnWw.
assmw ]Zm BhiyamtWm Ahbpw {_mWcpw hrkv{XoIfpw ]dbp
{Zhyfpw DmbncntXmWv.
XXx {]hrt \hta amtk ]ptWyl\n {]ikv
X \{XtbmKap]KtX {]ikvtX `KhXn iin\n
IeymtW IctW ssat{X aplqt imnw IrXzm
tKm {_mWanapZIw NmZu {]thiy tKm`y
kvXrtWmZIw a[pemPmw {]Zmb {_mtW
t`ymXm kpa\tkm \moapJm\n N ^em\nZ
Xzm, DZI ]qamkatt`ym`nhmZy ]p\cmN
apkzn hmNtb, XXx ]pWymli_vtZ\ tKm
{_mWa\phamt\m {]ZnWw {]hnti kp
XnImKmcw, X{Xm N {]khImew {]XntX.
kqXnImKmc \nmWm\cw HXmas amkn XnYn, \{Xw, IcWw, aplqw
apXembh Ghpw ip`ambnp Znhkw imn]mTw sNmnbnv ]ip, {_mW, An, Pew
Chsb BZyw kqXnImKmcn {]thinnWw. Fnv ]iphn\v ]ppw shhpw tX\pw
aecpw sImSpWw. Bk\\mb {]mWs\ BNa\w sNbvXp DWecn, ]pjv]w,
\mnapJ^ew (arZwKmIrXnbp Cugw apXembh) Ch sImSpp A`nhmZ\w
kzoIcnp hopw BNa\w sNbvXp BiomZw hmWw. AXn\ptijw ]pWymlw
sNbvXpsImv ]iphnt\bpw {_mWtbpw ]nn \Sp {]ZnWw shp
kqXnImKmcn {]thinWw. {]khImes {]Xonp Cu kqXnImKmcn
XmaknpIbpw thWw.
XkymkvXp Jep Cu am\n enwKm\n {]P\\Imea
`ntXm `hnx XZyYm tamKm{XmWmw, m\ncm\\
ky, AvtWmx ssiYneyw, hnap_\Xzan
h hkxk Iptch{kwk\w, At[mKpcpXzw, hw
WhkvXn ISoIpn]miz ]rjvT\nkvtXmtZm,
tbmt\x {]{khWw, A\m`nemjtXnx XtXm
\camho\mw {]mZp`mhx {]tkI Kt`mZIky.
{]khIme kab eWw {]kh kabaSpm K`nWnv Cu ]dbp eW
DmIpw. Ahbhv inYneX, apJn\v hmw, In\v inYneX, s\n\nv _\w
hnXpt]mse tXmpI. hbcev]w XmgpI At[m`mKv KpcpXzw, hwWw, hkvXn, ISn,
Ipn, ]miz`mKw, ]rjvT`mKw FnhnSfn thZ\, tbm\n{kmhw, Blmcn
B{KlanmXncnpI FnhbpmIpw. AXn\ptijw {]khthZ\ XpSpIbpw K`Pew
{khnpIbpw sNpw.
Bhn {_mZm`mth Xp `qau ib\w hnZym arZzm
kvXctWm]]m, XZymko\mw, Xmw XXx ka
Xx ]cnhmcy btYmKpWmx kv{Xobx ]cyp]m
kocmizmkbtym hmKv`n {KmlWobm`ocp]Zn
jvShZm`n[mbn\n`nx, km tNZmhn`nx kwn

iyam\m \ {]PmtbXmssY\mw {_qbmDnjvT

apkea\yXcw Krlojzms\ ss\XZpZqJew [m\y]q
aplpplpcPn`nln, aplppchPrw`kz Nw
{Iakz Nmcmcm, CtXyh ap]ZoiytytI.
{]khthZ\ XpSnbm arZphmb hncnv hncnp `qanbn InSWw. B
kabv ap]dXpt]msebp KpWtfmSpIqSnb kv{XoI Nppw
IqSnbncpp
lrZb{]nbamb
hmpI
]dp
BizknnpIbpw
kam[m\nnpIbpw thWw.
{]khthZ\bpmIphm\pw {]khnphm\pw Xmakw t\cnSpIbmsWn Ahsf
Fgptev]np Dcen [m\yanp DesImv Ipm ]dbWw. BhnbnSptm icocw
\nhcpXpt]mse CSbvnSv Bphm\pw Atmpantmw \Sphm\pw ]dbWw.
C{]Imcw av Nne BNmcym ]dbpp.
XtXyml `Khm\mt{Xbx ZmcpWhymbma h
\w ln K`nWymx kXXap]ZniytX, hntijX
{]P\\Imte {]NenX k[mXptZm]mbmx kpIp
amcym\mcym aqkehymbma kaocntX hmbpccw e
_v[zm {]mWm lnwkym, Zpjv{ ]XnImcm ln X
kvan Imte hntitjW `hXn K`nWn, Xkvam
apke{KlWw ]cnlmcyarjtbm am\yt, Prw`
Ww Nw{IaWw N ]p\c\pjvtTbanXn.
61
B ]dXv icnbsv Bt{Xb `Khm ]dp. K`nWn ZmcpWamb hymbmasfmw
Ftmgpw hntXmsWp]tZinWw. {]khaSpm hntijnpw. ImcWw, B
kabv kuIpamcyapXmb kv{XobpsS Fm [mXpfpw tZmjfpw m\n
\nnfInbncnpw. Cu Ahkcn DesImv [m\yw Ipp hymbmaw sNbvXm
ehmbp
hnp
{]mWlm\n
hcpphm\nSbmIpw. hntijnv {]khkabv
K`nWnp NnInk hfsc ITn\hpamIpp. AXpsImv [m\yw DesImv Ipp
hymbmaw
K`nWn
sNm
]mSnsv
Ejnam
]dbpp.
Fm
tImphmbnSpXpt]msebpw \Shpw sNmhpXmIpp.
AYmssky ZZym IpjvssTem emwKeoInhNm ]n
{XI Nnchnez ]qap]m{LmXpw, km Xaplp
plpcp]Pnt{L, XYm `q]{X[qaw hm, X
kymmcmcmISn ]miz]rjvT kIvYn tZim
\oj ZpjvtW\ ssXte \m`yPym\p kpJaharZv\o
bm, CtXytX\ Xp IWm Kt`m hmIv {]Xn
]ZytX.
62
{]khaSp kv{Xov sImw, Gecn, tatmnngv, hbv, sImSpthcnngv,
BhnsXmen ChbpsS Nqw aWnm sImSpWw, CXv IqSqS aWnpIbpw
thWw. AXpt]mseXs `q]{Xw In ]pItbm CcpmX In ]pItbm
aWnpIbpw sNmw. CSbvnSbvv Acsv, ]miz`mKw, ]pdw, XpS Fo
m\fn Aev]w NqSp ssXew ]pcn kmh[m\n XShWw. C{]Imcap
{]hn sImv K_w XmtgmndnhcpXmbncnpw.
k bZm Pm\obm ZznapNy lrZbapZckymkvXzm hn
iXn hnkvXnintcm hKrlvWmXn, Xzcbty\mam
hyx, ]cnhtX At[mK` CXn; Akmaymh
bmw Ncnta\m atcm]y {]hmlnXp ap]{Imatb.
62
K`w lrZb`mKp\nv hnp Xmtgmndn hkvXn incn (aq{Xmibns
D]cn`mKXv) NnSnp\npIbpw thZ\ ITn\ambpmIpIbpw sNpXmbnm
{]khw DSs\ DmIpsav sshZy a\nemWw. B Ahbn Ahsf Inen
InSnbnv inbmbn apm ]dbWw.

ItNmkym a{anaa\pIqem kv{Xo Pt]

""nXnew hnbtmtPm hmbp hnjvWpx {]Pm]Xnx
k K`mXzmw kZm]mn sshieyw ] hniptX
{]khXzahnnSahnnjvSm ip `m\m\
ImntIbZypXnw ]p{Xw ImntIbm`n cnXw'' CXn.
{]kh kabw ASpphcptm A\pIqeamb Hcp ""nXnew'' Fv
XpSp a{w AhfpsS sNhnbn a{np sImSpWw.
{]khkabw ASpphcptm K`w DZcn\nv XmtgmndpXmbncnpw. Atm
AXns `mcw hkvXnincnemWpmIpI. B kabw aq{Xw IqsSqsS t]mIpXmbncnpw.
Atm thZ\ ITn\ambpmhpIbpw sNpw. Cu thZ\ K`mibns BIp\w
sImpmIpXmWv. Cu {]kh thZ\v ""Bhn'' Fv ]dbpp. {]khkabv cv
hn[nep in {]hnppv. AXn Hv apJyhpw Hv KuWhpw BIpp.
K`mibnse amwkt]inIfpsS Imcyinv apJy in Fpw DZcamwkt]inIfpsS
inv KuWin Fpw ]dbpp. Cu apJyhpw KuWhpamb inthtijwsImv
amwkt]minIfn XcwK DmIpIhgnbmWv K`w XmtgmndpXv. Ans\ K`w
Xmtgmndnhcptm K`mibn\v BIp\hpw kpNnXhpw BbX\phpw apw
DmIptmgmWv thZ\ DmIpXv. CXv {]khns BZymhbnse nXnbmWv.
cmas Ahbn K`w ]pdtv hcm XpSpXmbncnpw. Atm K`
\naamnemWv
ITn\thZ\bpmIpI.
thZ\bpsS
B[nIyhpw
Aev]Xbpw
DmIpXv hynIsf A]2nmbncnpw. Nnev thZ\ hfsc Ipdhmbpw Nnev
hfsc IqSpXembpw IphcpXmbncnpw.
{]khw ASpSpphcptXmSpIqSn thZ\ IqSnqSn hcnIbpw IqsSqsS DmhpIbpw
sNpw. BZyamZyw thZ\ 30skv hsc DmIpIbpw 10 Hm 15Hm an\nv
CShnpmIpIbpw sNpw. Fm {]khw Ghpw ASp kabv 60Hm 90Hm skv
thZ\ \npIbpw ctm aqtm an\nv CShnpmIpIbpw sNpw. Cu {Ian
thZ\bpmbnv ]noSv thZ\v Xmakw t\cnSpIbpw apw sNpIbmsWn AXv
K`nWnv IjvSs DmpXmbncnpw.
Xmss\mw btYmKpWmx kv{Xntbm\pin
jypx A\mKXmhnam {]hmlnjvTmx, bm ly\mK
Xmhnx {]hmlbtX hytahm kymkvX I
`hXn, {]PmNmkym hnIrXnam]m izmkImktim
j ol{]km hm `hXn. bYm Kn hYqZv
Kmc hmXaq{X ]pcojthKm {]bXamt\m]y{]m
]vXImem e`tX, Irt{W hm]yhm]vt\mXn
XYm\mKXIme, K`a]n {]hmlamtWm, bYm ssN
jmtah hYzmZo\mw kmcWap]LmXmtbm]]
ZytX XYm {]m]vXImeky K`kym {]hmlWw, km
bYm \ntiw IpcptjyXn hhymx XYm N Ip
Xo iss\x iss\x ]qw {]hmtlX XtXm \
{Xnbx i_w Ipcypx {]PmXm [\yw K\yw ]p{Xw
CXn. XYmkym KtjWmt]mbt {]mWmx.
64
{]khthZ\ XpSnbm ap]d KpWtfmSpIqSnb kv{XoI Nppw IqSnbncpp
Ahsf BizknnpIbpw Ahv \ntiw sImSppIbpw thWw. {]khthZ\ Cm
Ahkcn apcpXv, thZ\ Cmtm appXv shdpsX Bbncnpw. thZ\ CmsX
apnbm
km\n\v
hnIrXn
kw`hnpItbm
izmkImktim^olmtcmKmZnIfpmIpItbm
sNpw.
F{]Imcsam
Xp,
Gw,
At[mhmbp,
aq{Xw, aew
FnhbpsS
thK
{]h\amImsX
{]hnnm {ianm DmIpX. AYhm Ans\bpmIpIbmsWn AXv

hfsc IjvSambncnpIbpw sNpw. AXpt]mse {]khthZ\ DmImsX apnbm {]khw

DmIpX. thZ\ DmIptm apmXncpm {]ham\amb hYzmZn thKsf
XSpmset]mse
A]ISambncnpIbps#
sNpw.
AXpsImv
AhtfmSv
\ntinpXn\pkcnp {]hnm ]dbWw. BZyw sas sas apWw. Ans\
Nppw IqSnbncp kv{XoI ""{]khnpp {]khnpp tbmKyamb BIpns\
{]khnpp'' Fv ]dpsImncnWw. A{]Imcw sNbvXm AhfpsS {]mW
ktmjwsImv kwXr]vXamIpw.
bZm N {]PmXm kymssZ\mathtX ImNnZkym
A]cm {]]m A{]]mNXn XkymtZ]cm \
{]]m kymZssY\ma\yXam kv{Xo ZntW\ ]m
Wn\m \mt`cp]cnjvSmZv _ehnjv]oUy kthy
\ ]rjvTX D]kwKrly k\n[qXw \n[p\pbm
. AYmkymx ]mZ]mjvWym t{imWoamtImStb
Xkymx nNmhp] kwKrly kp]oUnXw ]oU
tb. AYmkym _methWym IWvTXmep]cnarti
, `q]{XImN aWnk \ntmssIm
kym tbm\nw [q]tb. IpjvTXmeokp Iw _
ezPbqtjm ssatcb kpcmaWvtU XovWIuet
hm aWvUqI ]neo kw]mtI hm kw{kmhy ]m
btbtZ\mw, XYm kqvssaem InenaIpjvT \mKc
hnUwK ItemKpcpNhy ]neo Nn{XtIm]In
Im Iw, Jcky hrj`ky hm PohtXm ZnWw
IapIrXy ZrjXn PcoIrXy _ezPbqjm
Zo\ma\yXta {]n]ymmhy aplqnXapZv
[rXy XZmmh\w ]tbtbtZ\mw. iX]pjv]o Ip
jvTaZ\lnwKp knky ssN\mw ssXeky]nNpw
{Kmltb XXivssXhm\phmktb GssXtchNm
hss\x ^ePoaqXtI zmIp[mamh IpSPIr
Xth[\ lkvXn]yp]lnssXcmm]tb, X
Zmm]\w Akym ln kl hmXaq{X]pcossj
\nlcXy ]cmamkmw hmtbmc\ptema Ka\m
A\ym\y]n ln hmXaq{X]pcojmWn _lnKa\
ioem\nkn.
65
{]khnp Ignm ]cnNmcnIam Hcp Imcyw {intXpv. A]cm (Placenta)]pdv
htm Ctbm Fpw A]c ]pdv hnsn ]cnNmcnIamcn GsXnepw Hcp kv{Xo
hes ssIsImv {]khn kv{XobpsS \m`np apIfnepw CSs IvsImv ]pdpw
]nSnp \hw AaWw.
C{]Imcw Aaptm K`mibns ]miz`mKw ]nSnpt]mImXncnm {]tXyIw
{inWw. ImcWw Unw_{Knbn ]nSnantmbm henb BLmXn\nSbmIpw.
Cu A]mc]mX\{Inbv Dublin Method AsnCrede's Method Fv ]dbpp.
C{]Imcw sNbvXnv A]c ]pdv hnsn AhfpsS Imens aSv Nnbn
tNphp Aan ]nSnWw. Nnbn _eambn ]nSnpIbpw thWw. AXn\ptijw
AhfpsS XeapSnsImv sXmbnepw Amnepw kv]inWw. C{]Imcw sNbvXm
K`mibn\v BIp\apmIpIbpw XZzmcm A]c ]pdtv hcnIbpw sNpw.
`q]m{Xw, IpnjvWw, ]mns Dnfn Ch Xo\enenv ]pI ]pI tbm\nbn
Gev]nWw. sImhpw Xmeok]{Xhpw Acp _ezP (Hcp XrWhntijw) bqjntem
ssatcbaZyntem
kpcmaWvUntem
apXncbpsS
XovWamb
bqjntem
aWvUqI]nbpw ]nenbpw thhnsSp shntem Ien Ahsf IpSnnWw.

AXpt]mseXs Gecn, tZhXmcw, sImw, Npv, hngmecn, ImcIn, ImpapfIv, Xnen,

sImSpthcnngv, IcnocIw Ch ActXm Poh\p IgpXbptStbm ImfbptStbm sNhn
apdnsSpctXm _ezPbqjmZnIfn GsXnepw Hntem Ien Ipdp kabw hncpp
B shtam IpSnm sImSpWw. NXpIpw, sImw aemcbv, Imbw Ch
tNpImnb ssXewsImv \\ XpWn (]nNp) tbm\nbn [cnWw Cu ssXewsImv
Xs kvt\lhkvXn sNWw. ap]d _ezPbqjmZnIfn aemcbvpw tZhXmfn,
Ibv]qcw, IpSemSn, ]p]ocw, Annen Ch AcptNp IjmbhkvXn sNWw.
Cu {]tbmKamIs hmbpsh A\ptemaampIbpw At[mhmXaq{Xaesf ]pdtv
IfbpIbpw sNpw. AtXmSpIqSn A]cbpw ]pdtv t]mIpXmbncnpw. adnv A]c
XSbspt]mbm
hmXaq{Xaefpw
XSbsSpXmbncnpw.
AXmbXv
A]c
XSpt]mbm
hmXaq{Xaefpw
XSbsSpXmbncnpw.
AXmbXv
A]c
XSpt]mbm hmXaq{Xaepw XSapmIpw. Atm hkvXn sNbvXm
hmXaq{Xae ]pdtv t]mIpIbpw AtXmSpIqSn A]c ]pdtv t]mIpIbpw
sNpw.
XkymkvXp Jez]cmbmx {]]X\mt IWn
{InbamWPmXamt{Xsskyh Ipamcky ImcymtWy
Xm\n ImWn `hn. XZyYmItbmqtJ
iotXmZtIt\mjvtWmZtI\ hm aptJ Aivat\m kw
L\w ]cntjIx XYm kwtihnlnam {]mWm
]p\t`Xx IrjvW I]menIm iqtW ssN\
a`n\njvNp \nbbZytNjvTx kymZymh {]mWw
\mw {]XymKa\w.
66
{]khn kv{XobpsS A]cm ]X\n\mbn {]hnptm Xs P\n Ipnw Nne
I sNtXmbpv. AXv F{]Imcsam IpnbpsS sNhnSpnhp cv
IpI Xn apn i_vZapmWw. NqSv shwsImtm XWp shw sImtm
apJw \\bvWw. A{]Imcw sNbvXm Innv {]khkabpmb tiw ianpIbpw
izmtkmzmkw sNm XpSpIbpw sNpw. izmtkmzmkhpw Ne\hpw CmXncnpIbpw
Ipn IcbmXncnpIbpw sNpIbmsWn Idp Iv t]msebp apdwsImv hoiWw.
izmtkmzmkw \nepImWnIbmsWn AXv Dmphm Fsmw sNm Ignbptam
AsXmw s]svXs sNWw. (hmbn I^w \ndnpsp Im XpWnsImv
XpSpIfbpItbm d Syq_v ISn FSppIfbpItbm asm sNWw. Ipnsb Xe
Iogmbn ]nSnpIbpw ]pdv XtemSpIbpw apw sNpXpw izmtkmzmkw hop
Inphm \XmWv).
XXx {]XymKX{]mWw {]IrXn`qXa`n kanykv
\t\mZI {KlWm`yap]]mZtb, AYmky Xtezm
jvTIWvTPnlzm {]ambamc `XmwKpeym kp]cn
enJnX\Jbm kp{]mfntXm][m\ Immk ]n
Nqa\ym {]Yaw {]amnXky Ntky inckvXm
ep Immk ]nNp\m kvt\l Kt`W {]XnNv
OmZtb XtXmkym\cw Imcyw sskthm]
tX\ knjm {]\w.
67
Ipnv {]mW hopInpIbpw izmtkmzmkw t\scbmIpIbpw IcbpIbpw apw
sNbvsXp Im Ipnsb IpfnnpIbpw aeamsfmw ipnbmpIbpw thWw.
AXn\ptijw IpnbpsS Amv, Npv, IWvTw, \mhv Ch \Jw apdnp hrnbmnb
hncsImv hrnbmWw. C{]Imcw sNptm hncen XpWntbm ]cpntbm
NppIbpw thWw. IpnbpsS hmb hrnbmnbXn\ptijw BZyw F \\ ]cpn
(]nNp) aqmhn CSWw. AXn\ptijw Cpv tN s\v sImSpp Ipnsb
OnnWw. (OnnpXv Bamibnepw ^p^pknepw a{dpw D I^w Onp
t]mIphm\mWv.)
AY\mUymkvXky I]\hn[nap]tZymax\m`n
\o_\m {]`rXyjvSmwKpea`nm\w IrXzm
68

tOZ\mhImiky Zztbmcctbmx iss\x KrloXzm

XovtW\cuIvaycmPXmbkm\mw tOZ\m\ma\yXta
\m [mtcW tOZtbmw, At{K kqt{XtWm]
\n_WvUy IWvtTky inYneahkrtP, Xky tN
m`ox ]NytX tem{a[pI {]nbwKp tZhZmcp l
cn{ZmI]knt\ ssXte\m`yPym, Gjmtah
ssXeuj[m\mw Nqt\mhNqtb, Gj \mUo
I]\ hn[ncpx kayIv.
C\n \mUo (s]mnsmSn) tOZ\ hn[n ]dbmw. \m`o_\n \nv FwKpew hnnv
\mUotOZ\w sNWw. Cu tOZ\m\ns cv hipw kmh[m\n ]nSnnv
kzwsImtm shnsImtm CcppsImtm Dmnb \ aqbp InsImv
bYmm\p hp apdnWw. apdnpXn\papmbn s]mnsmSnbn NcSvsImv
sIWw. B NcSns Aw IpnbpsS Igpn AbpsIpIbpw thWw. s]mnsmSn
apdnnv s]mnfn ]gppmIpIbmsWn ]mtmnsmen, Ccn a[pcw, Rmhqhv,
tZhXmcw, a Chbnp Imnb ssXew ]pcWw. Cu ]d tem{mZn Huj[
s]mSns]mSn {hWn CSpIbpw sNmw. Cu \mUotOZ\coXn hn[n{]Imcw
thXpt]mse ]dbsp.
Akay]t\ lo \mUym Bbma hymbmtamyWv
UnX ]nWvVenIm hn\manIm hnPrw`nIm _mt[
t`ym`bwx X{XmhnZmln`n hmX ]n {]iass\c
`yw tKmkmZ\ ]cntjssIx kn`ntm] {I
taX KpcpemLha`n kaoy.
69
\mUotOZ\w hn[n{]ImcamsX sNbvXm s]mnsmSn Bbmaw, (\ofw), hymbmaw
(hnkvXmcw), DpWvUnXw (XSnpbphepXmIpI), ]nWvUnenX (tKmfmIrXnbn
ITn\w), hn\manIm (Nppw XSnpw ayw Ipgnpw), hnPrw`nIm (hnIknpsImncnpI),
Fo hn[nembnocptam Fv `bstSnbncnpp. Cu ]d hn[ntesXnepw
DmhpIbmsWn AXns KpcpemLhs a\nemnbnv AXmXn\\pkcn
hn[n hnZmls DmmXpw hmX ]n ia\hpamb s\vsImv A`ywKw,
DmZ\w, ]cntjN\w Fnh sNWw.
XtXm\cw PmXI IpamckyImcyw XZyYm a
[pknjo at{m]a{ntX bYmam\mbw {]Yaw
{]minXpakvssa ZZym. kvX\aX DuztatX
ss\h hn[n\m ZnWw]mXpw ]pcwkvXm {]bNv
tO. AYmXx iojXx m]tbZpZIp`w at{m
]a{nXw.
70
s]mnsmSn apdnXn\ptijw Ipnv PmXIw sNWw. AsX{]Imcsam
imkv{Xn ]dXp{]Imcw tX\pw s\pw tNp a{np BZyambn Ipnv
sImSpWw.
(tX\pw
s\pw
kaambn
tNcpXv
kaambn
tNm
hnj{]`mhapmIpw). tX\pw s\pw tImSpXn\ptijw AtX hn[n{]Imcw a{w
P]npXsImpwXs apem IpSnphm\mbn BZyw hes ape IpnbpsS hmbn
hpsImSpWw. AXp\ptijw a{w sImv ipamnb PeIpw`w IpnbpsS hmbn
hpsImSpWw. AXn\ptijw a{w sImv ipamnb PeIpw`w IpnbpsS hmbn
hpsImSpWw. AXn\ptijw a{wsImv ipamnb PeIpw`w IpnbpsS incns
`mKn hbvWw.
{]khnm BZys Znhkw apebn ]m DmIpX. aqmas Zmhktam
\memas Znhktam am{Xsa ]m DmIpIbpq. AXphsc tX\pw s\pw tNtm
ImnWp shtam Bn ]mtem asm sImSpWw. CXns\ kw_nv
kp{ipXn hnhcnncnpXn{]ImcamWv. ""[a\o\mw lrZnm\w hnhrXXzmZ\cw
NXpcm{Xm {Xncm{XmZzm kv{XoWmw kvX\yw {]htX. Xkvam {]Ytan
a[pknc\m knw a{w ]qXw {XnImew ]mbtb. ZznXotb evaWmknw knx

XrXotb N. XXx
]mbtb'' CXn.

{]mMv\nhmcnXkvX\yw

a[pknx

kz]mWnXe

knXw

ZznImew

A`na{ntXmb a{hpw kp{ipXn ]dncnpXn{]ImcamWv. ""NXzmcx

kmKcmkvXp`yw kvX\tbmx ochmlnWx `hp ip`tK\nXyw _meky _ehrtb
]tbmarX
ckw
]oXzmIpamckvtX
ip`m\t\
ZoLambpchm]vt\mXp
tZhmx
{]iymarXwbYm'' CXn.
AYmky cmw hnZym BZ\oJZnc I\v
[p ]nep]cqjtI imJmZncky Krlw `njIv ka
Xx ]cnhmctb, kX kqXnImKmcky k
j]mXkoXWvUpeIW IWnImx {]Intc, XYm
XWvUpe_entlmax kXXap`bXx Imew {IntbXm
\maIWx, Zzmtc N apkew tZlena\pXncn
\w\ykXw Iycym, hNmIIpjvTtmaI lnwKp k
j]mXkn eip\ IWnImWmw ctmLv\ kamJym
Xm\mw Nuj[o\mw t]menImw _zm kqXnImKm
ckym`yctXm \nXyw kymx kv{Xnbss\mw b
tYmKpWmx kplrZm\pPmKrbpx Zimlw Zzm
Zimlthm\p]cX {]Zm\awKem iox kvXpXnKoX
hmZn{Xa]m\ hniaZa\pc {]lrjvT P\kq
w N XtZzmivaImcyw, {_mWmYthZhn
kXXap`bXx Imew imnw Pqlqbm kzkvXy
b\mw IpamckybYm kqXnImbmx, CtXyX c
mhn[m\apw.
71
AXn\ptijw cmhn\m\w sNWw. Fcnv, Icnmen, e, ]oep, Nno ChbpsS
imJI kqXnImKmcn apgph ISpIv, AXknpcp, Acn Ch hnXdnbnSWw. Ipnv
t]cv hnfn \SpXphsc \nXyhpw cmhntebpw sshIptchpw XWvUpe_enbpw
awKftlmahpw sNWw. kqXnImKmcn ISp hmXnSnv kao]w Hcp De
hnen shWw. hbv, sImw, AShnqcw, Imbw, ISpIv, AXknpcp
shpn Chbpw av ctmL\uj[fpw Hcp XpWnbn sIn kqXnImKmcns
hSs hmXnSnp apIfn sInqnbnSWw. CXpt]mse Xs AbptSbpw
IpnbptSbpw Igpnepw sInqnbnSWw. C{]Imcw hNmZn ctmLv\uj[fpsS
Ingn kqXnImKmcnep]tbmKnp ]m{Xfnepw PeIpw`nepw Inenepw shWw.
CXpt]mseXs
kqXnImKmcns
Dn
{]thinp
hmXnSnbpsS
cphipambn IWImw (IWIWvUIw CXn AjvSmwK kw{Ktl) ]\np FnhbpsS
hndInp
kqXnImKmcns
Dn
Xo
InpsImncnWw.
ap]d
KpWfpXmb kv{XoIfpw an{Xfpw IpnbptSbpw AbptSbpw cmbn ]tm
]{tm Znhkw hsc Ftmgpw kqXnImKmcn DmbncnWw. Cu ]tm ]{tm
Znhkw kqXnImKmcn kvtXm{Xw, ]mv, hmZyw apXembhbpw \ A]m\mZnIfpw
kvt\lapXpw
ktmjapXpamb
P\fpw
DmbncnWw.
IpnbptSbpw
kqXnIbptSbpw \mbn AYthZadnbp {_mW Fm Znhkhpw cmhntebpw
sshIptchpw imntlmaw sNWw. C{]Imcw cmhn[m\w ]dbsp.
kqXnImw Xp Jep _p`pnXmw hnZnXzm kvt\lw
]mbtb {]Yaw ]cabm iym knkvssXew
hkmw am\mw hm kvtym `mha`nkaoy ]n
eo ]neoaqe ]hy ]n{XI irwKthc Nqk
lnXx kvt\lw ]oXhXym knkvssXem`ym
a`yPy thjvTtbZpZcw alXm hmkkm, XYm Xkym
\ hmbpcpZtc hnXrXnap]mZbXy \mhImiXzmx
Pot Xp kvt\tl ]neymZn`ntch knmw b
hmKpw kpkv\nKvmw {Zhmw am{Xix ]mbtb
72

D`bXx Imeat\ tNmjvtWmZtI\ ]cntjNtb

{]mIvkvt\lbhmKp ]m\m`ymwx Ghw ]cm
{Xw k]vXcm{Xw hm\p]mey XXx {ItaWm]ymbtb
; kzhr taXmh kqXnImbmx.
kqXnIv hnipmbnpSnbm AhfpsS kmys Nnnnv s\,v ssXew,
hka
ChbntesXnepw
Hn
Xnen,
ImpXnenthcv,
ImpapfInthcv,
sImSpthcnngv, Npv ChbpsS Nqw tNp ]qam{Xbn sImSpWw.
kvt\l]m\w sNbvXXn\ptijw AhfpsS hbdn s\pw Fbpw tXv Hcp henb hkv{Xw
sImv hbdn NpnsWw. hbcn C{]Imcw sInbm hmbp \ndbphm\p kuIcyw
CmbvIbm hmbp hbcn hnImcs DmpX. ]neymZn Huj[
tNpsImSp kvt\l{Zhyw \hw Zlnm ]neymZn Huj[ Xs
tNpsh In \hw kvt\l{Zhyw tNp {Zh{]mbn DNnXamb am{Xbn
sImSpWw. kvt\lhpw Inbpw D]tbmKnpXn\papmbn cv t\chpw \ NqSp
shwsImv Imepw apJhpw apw IgpIn hrnbmWw. C{]Imcw Atm Gtgm Znhkw
hsc ioenXn\ptijw icoc]pjvSnbpw _ehpw hnnpXmb Blmcuj[mZnI
ioenWw. kqXnbpsS kzhrn C{]ImcamIpp.
XkymkvXp Jep tbm hym[ncp]ZytX k Ir{
kmtym `hXy kmtym hm K`hrnbnX
inYne kicoc [mXpXzm {]hmlWthZ\m t
Z\cx \nx {kpXn hntijiq\y icocXzm. X
kvamw btYmt\ hn[nt\m]Nmtcx `uXnI Po
h\ob _rwlWob a[pc hmXlc knssc`ywtKm
kmZ\ ]cntjImhKml\m]m\ hn[n`n hnti
jXtm]Nmtc; hntijtXm ln iq\yKcocmx kv
{Xnbx {]PmXm `hn.
73
K`w
K`mibn
hfcpI\nanw icoc[mXpv oWhpw
inYneXbpw
DmIpXpsImpw ap, {]kh thZ\, icoctZw, c{kmhw, Ch \nanw
icociq\yX DmIpXpsImpw kqXnIv Fsnepw tcmKapmbm AXv
Ir{kmyamtbm Akmyamtbm XocpXmWv. AXpsImv kqXnIsb ap]d
hn[n{]Imcw {itbmSpIqSn D]NcnWw. hntijnv `uXnIw (`qXlmcw), Poh\obw,
_rwlWobw. a[pcw, hmXlcw Fo Huj[ D]tbmKnp A`ywKw, DmZ\w,
]cntjIw, AhKml\w, A]m\w Fnh ioenWw. ImcWw hntijnpw {]khn
kv{XoIfpsS icocw iq\yambncnpw.
`uXnIw = `qXlcw = Antiseptic
Ziaymw \niyXnXmbmw k]p Xm kv{Xo kKu
jss[ Kuc kjss] kv\mXm eLzlXipNn
]cn[mb ]hnt{Xjp eLphnNn{X `qjWhXo
N kwkv]riy awKfm\ypNnXmaboXzm N tZhXmw
inJn\x iphmkkmhywKm {_mWm kz
kvXnhmNbnXzm, IpamcaltX\ ipNnhmkkm
mZtb, {]mIvinckw hm kwthiy, tZhXm]q
w ZznPmXn`zx {]amWaXoXXypzm Ipamcky ]oXm
tZz \ma\o Imctbm{XnIw \mam`n{]mbnIw; Nx
X{Xm`n{]mbnIw \ma tLmjhZmZymaqjvam
w hm hrw {]n]pcpjm\qIa\h {]XnjvTnXw
\m {XnIw Xp \{X tZhXm kmam\mJywZvhy
cw NXpccw hm.
74
{]khnp ]v cm{Xn Ignp ]Xns\mmas Znhkw Abpw Ipnbpw
kKuj[ (GemZn KWuj[ AYhm NmXpmXI IqcmZyuj[)

shSpIv Ch tNp NqSmnb shw sImv IpfnWw. kv\m\m\cw Abpw

Ipnbpw
t\cnbXpw
IodmXpw
hrnbpXpamb
hkv{Xw
[cnpw
]hn{XCjvSeLphnNn{X `qjWaWnpw awKfIcambXns\ kv]inpw CjvStZhXsb
]qPnpw (AYhm IpnbpsS \{XtZhXsb ]qPnpw) IpSpa sIn shXpw shfp
hkv{Xw [cnXpw AwKsshIeyanmXpamb {_mW\n \nv A\p{Klw hmnbpw
IpnbpsS Xe Ingtm hStm hp InSnbnv Iodm hrnbp hkv{Xw ]pXnpw
CcnWw. BZyw \{XtZhXtbbpw ]noSv {_mWtcbpw \akvIcnpp Fv
IpnbpsS
]nXmhv
]dnv
\{Xn\pkcnpw
amXm]nXmmcpsS
CjvSn\\pkcnpambn Ipnv cp t]cv hnfnWw. AXn amXm]nXmmcpsS
CjvSn\pkcnv hnfnp t]cns BZycw tLmjw (LQV[`) Fv
XpSpXpw Ahkm\s Acw Dujvamhv (ijkl) BbncnpIbpw Bcw
hrnclnXw (sFHu) AmXncnpIbpw thWw. ChnsS ""hr]ucpjm\qIw'' Fsmcp
]mTt`Zw Dv. Ans\bmIptm ]nXmhv, ]nXmalm, {]]nXmalm FnhcpsS
t]cnt\mS\p_np t]cv hnfntXmWv. t]cv A{]knambncnpIbpw sNcpXv.
\{Xn\pkcnp hnfnp t]cmIs \{XtZhXbvv XpeyambncnpIbpw ctm
\mtem AcapXmbncnpIbpw thWw.
tPymXnmkv{Xhn[n{]Imcw \{Xn\pkcnv t] hnfntXmb {Iaw
taSw iABCCu
CShw jDDuE
anYp\w kE\p\q
InSIw lFG
Nnw fHHu
In AwAx
Xpemw IJKLM
hrnIw NOPQR
[\p STUVW
aIcw XYZ[\
Ipw`w ]^_`a
ao\w bceh
Cu hnhcn Ac{Ia taSw apXemb ]{v cminIfptSXmbn {Klnp
Pa{Xw sImv Iqdv \nbnp Iqdn\p tbmPnp Ac{Ian t]
hnfntXmWv.
t] hnfnptm Pqdns 1357911 Fo cminIfnep Acw BZymcamn
t] hnfnWw. Pqdns 24681012 Fo cminIfnse Acw BZycamn t]
hnfnphm
\X.
km[mcW\nebn
tPymXnmk{Xhn[n{]Imcw
t]
hnfnpXn{]ImcamWv.
IrtXN \ma IWo Ipamcw ]conXpap]{Iamta
Zmbpjx {]amWm\tltXmx; Xt{Xam\ymbpjva
Xmw IpamcmWmw eWm\n `hnx XZyYm GssI
IPm arZthm]m kv\nKvmx kp_aqemx
IrjvWmx tIimx {]ikyt, ncm_lemXzIv
{]IrXymIrXn kpkw]aoj {]amWmXnhra
\pcq] amXm]t{Xm]aw incx {]ikytX, hyqVw
ZrVwkaw kwnjvS iwJkyqzw hrRvP\ap
]NnXw_en\a N{mIrXn eemSw, _leu
hn]peu hn]pe ka]oTu kau \ossNhru
]rjvTtXmh\Xu knjvSI]pSIu almn
{Zu Iu, Cuj {]ew_n\ymhkwKtX kta kw
ltX alXu {`phu, kta kamlnX Zit\ hy
75

`tK hn`mtK _ehXn tXPtkm]]t kzwKm]mw

tK Nnjo, EPzo almzkm hwi kw]tj
`h\Xm{Km\mknIm, alZrPp kp\nhnjvS Zam
kyw, BbmahnkvXtcm]]m vWm X\zo {]
IrXnhbpm Pnlzm, vWmw bptm]ar
jvtSm]]w cwXmep, alm\Zn\x kv\nKvt
\mZo Kw`ockaqtm [ocx kzcx \mXnqeu
\mXnIrimhmky {]mZ\u cmthmjvT u, al
Xyul\q, hrm\mXn alXo{Kohm, hyqVap]Nn
Xapcx, KpVwP{Xp]rjvShwi, hn{]IrjvSm
cukvX\u, Akw]mXn\m ntc]mtiz, hr]
cn]qmbXu _mlq kvIvYn\o AwKpey, al
Zp]NnXw ]mWn]mZw, ncm hrmx kv\nKvZv
[mkvX m{amkvXpwKmx IqImcmx IcPmx, {]Zn
Wmhm tkmkwKmN \m`nx, Dckv{Xn`mK lo
\mkam kapNnXISo, hrm ntcm]NnX amw
ku \mXypXu \mXyh\Xu kv^nNu, A\p]q
hrmhp]Nb bpmhqcpx, \mXyp]NntX GWo
]tZ {]KpVkncmn knPwtL, \mXyp]Nn
Xu Kpcp^u, ]qtm]ZnjvSKpWu ]mZu Iqm
Imcu, {]IrXnbpm\n hmXaq{X]pcojmWn X
Ym kz]v\PmKcWmbm kkvanXcvZnXkvX\y{KlWm
\n, b InnZ\yZ\pakvXn XZ]n kw
{]IrXnkanjvSw, hn]coXw ]p\c\njvSw, C
Xn ZoLmbpWm\n.
t]cvhnfn IgnXn\ptijw Bbpv F{X Dsdnbphm Ipnsb ]conWw.
ZoLmbpp IpnIv C\n ]dbpp eWfpmIpw. XeapSn Hmtcmmbn
apfphpw
arZphmbpw
Aev]ambpw
kv\nKvambpw
ZrVaqeambpw
Idppw
{]ikvXambncnpw. Xuen nchpw qehpambncnpw incv BIrXnbnepw {]IrXnbnepw
Daambpw icocn\pkcnpw IqSpX hepXpw hfsc sNdpXpw AmsX IpSbpsS
BIrXnbnepancnpw. s\nSw \opw ZrVambpw kaambpw iwJkn kpZrVambpw
kpcambpw s\nbn AN{mIrXnbnep XSn henItfmSpIqSnbpancnpw. sNhn
cpw XSnpw hnkvXmcapXpw kaambpw Xmtgmv hnpw ]rjvS`mKv Ipgnpw ]pdv
Zzmcw IqSntpw Dn \ ZzmcapXmbpw CcnWw. {`q{]tZiw \ofw IqSpItbm
IpdbpItbm sNmsXbpw ayw IqSpX HgnbmsXbpw kaambpw CSXnnb
tcmatmSpIqSnbpw XSnpbpw CcnWw. IpI IqSpX hepXpw IqSpX sNdpXpw
AmsXbpw AYhm Hv sNdpXpw Hv hepXpw AmsX kaambpw ipIrjvWmZn `mK
hyambpw Zi\_eapXmbpw tXPpXmbpw hmZn AwtKm]mwK kpcambp
CcnWw. aqv t\scbmbpw ZoLizmkw IgnpXmbpw Dbpw A{K`mKw Aev]w
Xmgvpw
CcnWw.
hmb
H
hennepw
t\scbmbpw
\
Zm\tmSpIqSnbpancnWw. \mhv \ofhpw hoXnbpw an\pkhpw DXpw hw
IpdXpw {]IrXym D BIrXnbpw hhpw DXpw BbncnWw. Amv
an\pkapXpw XSnXpw NqSpXpw Nphp\ndapXpambncnWw. kzcw _rlpw
Zo\XmclnXhpw
AIihpw
{]Xn[z\ntbmSpIqSnbXpw
Kmw`ocyapXpw
[ochpambncnWw. A[tcmjvT IqSpX XSnXpw t\cnbXpw AmsXbpw hmbsb
]qambn adbvpXpw chhpw BbncnWw. Xmbnsbv XSnXmbncnWw. s\v
hnkvXmcapXpw amwkfhpambncnWw. P{Xp (IWvtTmctkmx knx) \sv ]pdv
ImWmv hn[nembncnWw. cv kvX\ntbpw aynep Acw anXamb
AfhnembncnWw. cv ]miz`mKw Awkn \nv Xmtgmv Npcpnpcpn hcnIbpw
DdpXmbpw CcnWw. Ins aknevUkns `mKhpw Imens XpSbpw hncepIfpw
hrmIrXnbnepw
\
\ofapXpw BbncnWw.
Imepw
Ipw
\ofapXpw

amwkfhpambncnWw. \Jw DdpXpw tKmfmIrXnbmbpw kv\nKvambpw Nphpw

Dbpw Bapdwt]msebpancnWw. \m`n hetmv NpgnbpXmbpw Dbpw CcnWw.
IpSo{]tZiw s\ns Afhn aqnsemcp`mKw Ipdpw kaambpw amwkfambpw
CcnWw. Bk\w (Nn) hrmIrXnbpw Ddpw amwkw \ndpw A[nIw Dbpw
A[nIw Xmgvpw AmsXbpancnWw. Imens XpS Dcppw Xmtgmv hw Ipdpw
amwkfhpambncnWw. IWm IqSpX XSnpw IqSpX saenpw AmsXbpw am\ns
Im t]msebpw kncmn knI sXfnpImWmsXbpancnWw. ]pdwIm A[nIw
XSnpw A[nIw saenpw AmsXbp\ncnWw. ImepI ap]d KpWtmSpIqSn
BabpsS BIrXnbnembncnWw. At[mhmbp, aq{Xw, aew Ddw, DdapWc, icocw
sImp Bbmkw, Nncn, Ic ape IpSn s#nhsbmw km[mcW
{]IrXnembncnWw. ChnsS ]dbm av icoc KpWfpw icoc [fpsamw
{]IrXymhbnembncnWw. ZoLmbpp icocns eWw C{]ImcamIpp.
CXn\v hn]coXambm AXv Aev]mbpWamIpp.
AtXm [m{Xo]comaq]tZymax AY {_qbm
[m{Xoam\btXXn, kam\hm bu\mw \n`r
Xma\mXpcma hymKmahyk\ma hncq]maPpKp]vkmw
tZiPmXobmap{Zmw Ap{ZIWow Ipte PmXmw
hkematcmKPohZv hkmw ]pwhkmw tZmKv{[oa
{]amw Aimbn\oa\pmcimbn\o a\mh im
bn\ow Ipitem]Nmcmw ipNnaipNn tZzjnWow kv
X\kvXky kZpt]XmanXn.
76
IpnbpsS
Bbpns\
]conXn\ptijw
Ipnv
apesImSpp
t]msb
]conWw. AXn\p D]mbw ]dbmw. sshZy t]msb sImphcphm s]bpsS
BmtcmSv ]dbWw. B t]m C\n ]dbp KpWfphfmbncnWw. t]m
IpnbpsS hn\v Xpeyamb haphfmbncnWw. AXmbXv IpnbpsS \ndn\v
Xpeyamb \ndaphfmbncnWw. AYhm Ipn {_mW\msWn {_mWkv{Xobpw
{Xnb\msWn {Xnb kv{Xobpw, sshiy\msWn sshikv{Xobpw iq{Z\msWn
iq{Zkv{Xobpw
BbncnWw.
bphXnbpw
hn\oXbpw
tcmKsfmpanmhfpw
AwKhnIrXnbpw hyk\hpw hncq]Xbpw Cmhfpw BbncnWw. \nnXbmbncncpXv.
Ipn P\n tZiph XsbmbncnWw. \oNkz`mhaphfpw \oNIw
sNphfpw BbncncpXv. \ Ipen P\nhfmbncnWw. hmeyaphfpw
BtcmKyap Ipnbphfpw Ipn Pohnncnphfpw BIpnbphfpambncnWw.
CjvSwt]mse
]mephfmbncnWw.
]m
sImSppXn
{]tXyIw
{ibphfmbncnWw. InSp ]m sImSpphfmIcpXv. IpnbpsS aeaq{X
hnk\n InSphfmIcpXv. [mNmcfn hnapJbmbncncpXv. Ipnsb
D]NcnpXn kmayaphfmbncnWw. ipNnbpXpw Aipnsb shdpphfpw
kvX\fpw kvX\yhpw \mbnphfpw Bbn]nWw. Hcp Da[m{XnbpsS eWw
C{]ImcamIpp.
Xt{Xbw kvX\k \mXyqu \mXnew_m
h\Xn Irimh\Xn]o\u bpn]neIu kpJ{]
]m\utNXn, kvX\ykXp {]IrXnhKc
kkv]iap{Z]mt{X Zplyap\apZIwthXnx {]IrXn
`qXXzm k]pjvSnIcamtcmKyIcw tNXn kvX\y
k.
77
kvX\ns ip`KpWw A[nIw DbcmsXbpw A[nIw \ofanmsXbpw A[nIw hw
IpdbmsXbpw A[nIw hw CmsXbpw \ apepItfmSpIqSnbpw Ipnv A\mbmtk\
kvX\y]m\w sNm IgnbpXpamb kvX\w DaamIpp.
Da kvX\y eWw hw, Kw, ckw, kv]iw Ch km[mcW
\nebnembncnpIbpw Hcp mn shsaSpp AXn apemsemgnm shtmSp
tNpt]mIpIbpw sNp apem km[mcW \nebnepXmIbm AXv Ipnv

icoc]pjvSntbbpw BtcmKytbpw Dmpw. (Ipnv ape sImSpphm [m{Xnsb

\nptm Cu kvX\kvX\y KpWsf t\mtXmWv.)
AtXm\yYmhym]w tbx Xkyhntijmx
iymhmcpWhw Ijmbm\pckw hniZa\XneyK
w cqw {Zhwt^\new eLp Xr]vXnIcwIj
Ww hmXhnImcmWmw IrhmtXm]krjvSw oc
anXntbw, IrjvW\oe]oXXm{amh`mkw XnIv
Xm\pISpIvckw IW]cp[ncKn`rtimjvW
]nhnImcmWmw Ir]ntmXkrjvSw ocan
Xntbw. AXym ipaXnam[ptcym]]w e
hWm\pckw LrXssXe hkmaKn ]nOn
ew XpaZpZI]mt{XhkoZ tjvahnImcmWm
Irtjvtam]krjvSw ocanXntbw
tXjmp{XbpWma]n octZmjmWmw {]Xnhntij
a`n kaoy bYmkzw bY`nZmj ha\hntcN
\mm]\m\phmk\m\n hn`Py IrXm\n {]ia\m
b `hn.
78
ta]dXn\p hn]coXambm hnIrXamb kvX\yamsWdnbWw. B hnIrXamb
kvX\yns hyXymkw C{]ImcamIpp. Idpv Ietm Nphtm D hw, A\pckw
Nhv, hniZw (vWhn]coXw), AXnbmb Kw, cqX, {ZhX, \pcbpmIpI, eLp,
Xr]vXnbnmXncnpI, IpnbpsS icocs IriampI, hmItcmKn\v ImcWambnocpI
Fo KpWtfmSpIqSnb ]m hmXpZpjvSamsWdnbWw. Idptm \oetbm atbm
sNns htam DXpw Ibv]v, ]pfn, Fcnhv Ch A\pckambpXpw ihntbpw
]ntcmKs DmIpXpamb apem ]pZpjvSamsWdnbWw. AXnbmb shfpv,
AXna[pcw, Dv A\pckw, s\vFvhka
ChbpsS
Kw,
hgphgpv,
shnsemgnm \qevt]mse shns ASnbn Xmgvpt]mIpI, I^hnImcn\v
ImcWambnocpI
ChbpXmb
apem
I^ZpjvSamsWdnbWw.
Cu
aqphn[nep octZmjfpsS hymXymks hn`Pnp a\nemnbnv [m{XnbpsS
icoc {]IrXnpw oc tZmjn\pw A\pkcnv ha\w, hntcN\w, IjmbhkvXn,
kvt\lhkvXn Ch hn`Pnp {]tbmKnm octZmjw ianpw.
]m\mi\hn[nkvXpZpjvS ocmb bhtKm[qaimen
jjvSnIapZvKltcWpI Ipekpcm kuhocI
ssatcb taZIe ip\IcRvP{]mbx kym octZm
j hntijmwmthyXZv hn[m\w Imcyw.
79
Zpjn ]mep [m{XnbpsS Ahm\hn[nbh, tKmXv, \hcbcn, sNscn, sNdp]bcv,
AtcWpIw, apXnc Ch Blmcambpw kpcmaZyw, kuhocw, AcnmSn, ssatcbaZyw, taZIw
Ch IpSnphp\mbpw shpnbpw Dpw km[mcWbmbn D]tbmKnpIbpw thWw.
octZmjs
]cntim[np
AXmXn\pkcn
hn[nep
A]m\mZnIfpw
Huj[epw D]tbmKnpbpw thWw.
]mTmaluj[ kpcZmcpapkvX aqmKpUqNo h
kI^e IncmXXnI ISptcmlnWo imcn_m I
jmbmWmw N ]m\w {]ikytX. XYmt\yjmw Xn
Ijmbm ISpIa[pcmWmw {ZhymWmw {]tbmKmx
ochnImchntijm\`n kaoy am{Xmw Imew tN
Xn oc hntim[\m\n.
80
kvX\ytim[\ Ijmbw ]mSngv, Npv, tZhXmcw, ap, s]cppdpthcv, NnarXv,
ISImebcn, ]pcnpthcv, ISptcmlnWn, \mdnngv Ch Ijmbw shp
IpSnpXv kvX\yipnv Ghpw \XmIpp. AXpt]mseXs
ochnImc
hntijsf t\mnbnv am{Xpw Imen\pw A\pkcnp Ibv]v, Nhv, Fcnhv, a[pcw
Fo ckfp {Zhy {]tbmKnmepw kvX\yipn hcpw.

oc P\\m\n Xp aZym\n ko[phym\n {Kmaym

\p]uZIm\n N imI[m\yamwkm\n {Zha[pcm `qbn
jvSmmlmcmx ocnWyuj[bx oc]m\w
Nm\mbmktXn, hocWimenjjvSntIzn p
_menIm Z`IpiImiKpt{S aqeIjmbtWmw N
]m\anXn ocP\\t\ymm\n.
81
kvXt\ymev]mZI {Zhy ko[paZyw Hgnp aZy, {KmaPohnIfptSbpw
B\q]PohnIfptSbpw PePohnIfptSbpw amwk, CednI, [m\y, {Zh{Zhy,
a[pcck{][m\hpw Ack {][m\hpamb Blmc{Zhy, ]mep Huj[
(AS]Xnb Ingv apXembh), oc]m\w, hn{iaw C] otcmev]mZIcamIpp. cmaw,
\hcthcv, sNsnthcv, Icnv, shcnv, K`thcv, icnnthcv ChbpsS Ijmbw
kvXt\ymev]mZIcamIpp. Cu kvXt\ymev]mZIKWs kq{Xm\n ]dnpv.
[m{XoXpbZm kzmZp_lpe ipZpKvm kym
Zm kv\m\mepen]vXm iphkv{Xw ]cn[mssb{nw
{_mnwiXhocymw kl{khocymatamLmahyYmw
inhmacnjvSw hmSy]pjv]ow hnizIvtk\Immw
hm_n{`tXymj[nw Ipamcw {]mMvapJw {]Yaw Zn
Ww kvX\w ]mbtbZnXn [m{XnI.
82
[m{XnbpsS apem Ftm a[pcapXmbpw [mcmfapXmbpw ipambpw Ccnppthm
Atm Ipfnp N\mZnI te]\w sNbvXp shhkv{Xw [cnp C{hmcpWn ({_mlm\n,
iXmhcn, IdpI, XncpXmfn, ISp, inhm (ISpt`Zw) \mK_e, B\pdptmn,
]nngv Fo Huj[fntesXnepw Hv tZln [cnp Ipnsb Ingtmv
apJambncpn BZyw hes ape IpSnpWw. CXv [m{Xn sNtXmWv. (ChnsS
[cnm
]d
Huj[
]e
hymJymXmmcpw
]ehn[nembnmWv
]dpImWpXv. kp{ipXn Cu Huj[[mcWw ]dpImWppan). kvX\y]m\{Iaw
kp{iptX. XXx {]ikvXmbmw XnYu inckv\m\ alXhmk kapZMvapJw inipap]thiy
[m{Xow {]mMv apJoap]thiy ZnWw kvX\w [uXaoj ]cn{kpXa`na{y at{mWmt\\
]mbtb. CXn (kpimA10)
XtXm\cw IpamcmKmchn[na\phymJymkymax
hmkvXphnZymIpiex {]ikvXw cayaXakvIw \n
hmXw {]hmssXItZiw ZrVa]KXizm]Z]ip Zwjv
{SaqjnIm]XwKw kphn` kentemZqJeaq{Xh
x m\ kv\m\`qan alm\ k arXpkpJw bY
p ib\mk\mkvXcW kw Ipcym. bYm
khnlnX cmhn[m\ _eawKf tlma{]mbn
w ipNn ]rsshZym\pcP\ kqanXn
IpamcmKmchn[nx.
83
C\n Ipnv Xmaknm\p Krl\nmW hn[n hnhcnmw. Krl\nmW hnZybn
kmayaph {]ikvXhpw kpchpamb ev CcpnmXpw hmbphn\v Hcp
`mKpIqSn {]thin adp`mKv IqSn ]pdtv t]mIm kuIcyapXpw \
DdpXpw \mb, ]ip, lnw{kPp, Fen, ]n, ]m apXembh {]thinmXpw
Pem\w, Dcshp ew, Iqv, Ipfnapdn, ASpf Ch bYmm\v
\nnnpXpw EXphn\pkcnp kpJs DmpXpw EXphn\pkcnp InSm\pw
Ccnm\pw hncnm\pw apw kuIcy{]Zamb hoSpmWw. AXpt]mseXs kqXnImKmc
hn[nbn ]d cmhn[m\fpw _enawKftlma{]mbnmZnIfpw IpamcmKmcn
hp sNWw. inipKrlw \ hrnbpXpw hrsshZymcpw hmeyP\fpw DXpw
BbncnWw. C{]ImcamWv IpamcmKmchn[n.
ib\mkvXcW {]mhcWm\n Ipamcky arZn eLp
ipNn kpKo\n kypx tkzZaePpan aq{X
84

]pcotjm] krjvSm\n N hym\nkypx.

IpnbpsS InS, CcnnSw, hncnv, ]pXv, apXembh arZphpw eLphpw ipNnbpXpw
kpKapXpw BbncnWw. hnbv, aew, IranI, aq{Xw, ]pcojw Ch
]pcXmbncnpIbpw sNcpXv.
AkXn kw`tht\yjmw Xmt\yh kp{]mfntXm
][m\m\n kp[q]nXm\n ipm\n ipjnImWn tbm
Kw Ktbpx.
85
Hcp {]mhiyw D]tbmKnpw hrntISmb hkv{Xw Ipnv hopw D]tbmKnptm AXv
\hw IgpIn hrnbmn ctmLv\ (Antiseptic){ZhyfpsS ]pI Gev]np DWn
hrnbmn D]tbmKnWw.
[p]\m\n ]p\mkkmw ib\mkvXmcW {]mhcW
bhkj]mXkolnwKp KppephNmtNmcIh
bxmtKmtemao PSnem ]ejmtimItcmlnWo
k\ntmImWn LrXbpm\n kyp.
86
hkv{Xw, InS, hncnv, ]pXv apXembhbvv [q]\w sNtXmb Huj[ bhw,
ISpIv, AXknpcp, Imbw, Kppep, hbv, Iqcw, {_n, NnarXv, PSmamn,
sRcnn, AtimIsmen, ISptcmlnWn, ]mns Dnfn Ch kaw FSpp s\v
tNp Xo\en Cp ]pIp hkv{XmZnIv ]pI Gev]nWw.
aWb [mcWobmx Ipamcky, JUvK XcpKhb
hrj`mWmw PohXmtah ZntWt`ym hnjmtWm`ym
{KmWn KrloXman kypx. sF{mZymuj[tbm
PohIj`Iu N bm\n Nm\ym\y]n {_mWmx
{]iwtkbpcY thZhnZx.
87
Ipnsb aWnI [cnnWw. \oe\ndap ]ip, am, Imf Fo Pohnncnp
arKfpsS hev `mKv sImns Aw apdnsSpp Ipnsb [cnnWw. ap]d
sF{ymZn Huj[fpw PohI CShIfpw AYthZadnbp {_mW \XmsWv
]dbp av Huj[fpw Ipnsb [cnnWw.
{IoU\Im\n Xzky hnNn{XmWn tLmjhy`ncmam
Wn NmKpcqWn NmXovWm{KmWn Nm\mky {]th
in\o Nm{]mWlcmWyhn{Xmk\m\n kypx.
88
IpnbpsS
IfntmpI
]ehn[
Nn{XWnIfpXpw
i_vZapmpXpw
kpcambnpXpw L\anmXpw apv t]msebp ap\I CmXpw hmbn
ISm
hn[nepXpw
{]mWlm\n
hcpp
hn[nepXmXpw
`bspt]mIm hn[nepXpw BbncnWw.
\ lyky hn{Xmk\w km[p. Xkvam Xkvan cp
ZXy `pRvPmt\ hm\y{X hnt[bXmw AKXn cm
k ]nimN. ]qX\mZym\mw \tam\n NmlzbXm
Ipamcky hn{Xmk\mw \ma{KlWw \ Imcyw
kym
89
Ipnsb `bsSppXv icnb. AXpsImv Ipn Icbp Ahkcntem Blmcw
IgnmXncpmsem Ipnsb `bsSpphm\mbn cmk]nimN]qX\mZnIfpsS t]cv
]dp Ipnsb `bsSpcpXv.
bZn XzmZpcyw Inn IpamcaKt, X {]
IrXn \nan ]qcq] enwtKm]ib hntissj
kvXXztXm\p _p[y khntijmXpcuj[ tZi
Imem{ibm\thamWnInknXp amct`ssX\w
a[pc arZp eLp kpc`nioX kcw I {]h
\w Ghwkmaym ln Ipamcm `hn, XYm tX[
e`ytNncmb. tcmtK XztcmKhrw BZnjv
tTZv tZiImem hn]cytbW ham\x
90

Ipnv
Fsnepw
tcmKw
hcnIbmsWn
Ahs
hmXmZntZmj{]IrXn,
tcmtKmev]mZItlXp ]qcq]w, eWw, D]ibw FnhbneqsS tcmKs icnbmbn
a\nemnbnv tcmKn Huj[w, tZiw, Imew FnhbpsS hyXymks Nnnp NnIn
sNm XpSWw. Huj[ a[pcckapXpw arZphpwk eLphpw kpKapXpw
ioXhocyhpw kwia\ Is sNpXpambncnWw ImcWw Ch Ipnv
kmyambncnpw. C{]Imcw XpSp sNbvXm Ipnv kpJw AYhm BtcmKyw
DmIpXmbncnpw. Ipn BtcmKyhm\msWn tZiw, Imew, icocKpWw Fnhbvv
hn]coXamb
Blmc
hnlmcsImv
kz]me\w
sNWw.
AXmbXv
tZikmyhpamb Blmc hnlmcmZnI ioenWw.
{ItaWm kmym\o ]cnhtym] bpRvPm\x k
mWy lnXm\n h\w XYm _eh icocm
bpjmw kZam]vt\mXoXn.
91
Akmyfmb Blmc hnlmcmZnI D]tbmKnpXps\ {ItaW ]cnh\w
hcpnbnv Fmhn[ AlnXfmbhtbbpw hnWw. A{]Imcw sNbvXm IpnbpsS
_ew, hw, icocw, Bbpv Ch kambnocpw.
Akmyfmbhsb {Ian XyPnphm\p {iaw kq{Xm\n Bdmw
Aymbn ]dncnpXn{]ImcamWv. {]tm]m]Ntb Xm`ymw{Iax ]mZmwintIm
`th. GImcw XXtmzw Zzycw XYm. CXn.
Ghta\w Ipamcw B bu\ {]m]vtX [mXv
Y Iuie Ka\mZ\p]metb. CXn ]p{Xminjmw
karnIcw IwhymJymXw XZmNc btYmIv
ssX hn[n`nx ]qPm btYjvSw e`tX\ kqbIx
CXn.
92
C{]Imcw Ipnsb Iuamc{]mbn \nv bu\mhbnsepXphsc ]cn]menWw.
Fm am{Xsa Ah [mhnjbfn Iuieaph\mbnocpIbpp. C{]Imcw
k]p{Xs\ B{Klnphv k^es DmpXmb Is hnhcnsp. Cu
]d hn[n{]Imcw inip]cn]me\w sNph temIn btYjvSw am\acymZmZnIsf
e`np ]c\n Cmh\mbnocpp.
X{XtmIu
]p{Xminjmw I karnImcIw
bZtaXal ZkwlnXw
XZmNc tm hn[n`n bYmXYm
]qPmw btYjvSw e`tX\ kqbIx
93
]p{X\v
ip`s
B{Klnphv
karnsb
DmpI
F
almb
{]tbmP\tmSpIqSn Cu GsXmcp Iw ChnsS ]dbsSppthm AXv bYmhn[n
BNcnp AkqbmclnX\mb _pnam btYjvSw ]qPsb e`npXmbnocpp.
icocw NnytX kw ssZh am\pj kZm
k`msshbXkvXkvammcocw m\apNytX.
ssZhnIambpw (Bobambpw) am\pjnIambpw (imcocnIambpw) C Fmhn[ Da
KpWpw
AYhm
CltemInepw
]ctemInepw
thp
Fmhn[
DaKpWpw alZlmcmZn Fmhn[ `mhpw icocw NnmhnjbamIpp.
AXpsImv Cu imcocm\s hnhcnsp.
CXynthi IrtXXt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ PmXnkq{Xobwimcocw \ma
AjvStam[ymbx

CXn icocm\w kam]vXw