Ksep AeBH (Claire

Levy)

MAALlH H nOnVAAPHA MV3HKA V 6VrAPCKOJ:

AOKAAHO HACVnpOT rA06AAHOM

Oaaj pail ce 3aCHHBa Ha ilBe nepcnexruae. ua MHoro Ha4HHa KlbY4He sa

KYI\TypHH passoj y OBOM sexy, a noce6HO HaKOH II CBeTCKor para. JeilHa je npouec rl\06al\H3auHje, Hen03HaT no CBOM 06HMy Y npeTXOilHHM nepHOilHMa, a ilPyra je KYI\Typa Ml\ailHX, xoja ce CBe jacnuje HileHTHqmKyje Ha rl\06al\Hoj OCHOBH,
n04eBWH 6ap Oil cpecuue nececerux roauua osor aexa. Y My3HUH, MOilepHa KYI\rypa Ml\ailHX 06H4HO je aesaua aa ileWaBal-ba Y pOK My3HUH. V'1naK, y OBOM TpeHyTKy >KeI\HM ila H36erHeM 6HI\0 KaKBe norpeurue 3aKlbY4Ke H HCTaKHeM HeWTO
3Ha4ajHo aa cnryauajy y oyrapcxoi Kyl\TypH. 5e3 OBe noeure C;\HKa 0 byr apcxoj
6HI\a 6H npHI\H4HO jexnocrpaua. Flonyxapua My3HKa y Eyrapcxoj je casa. xao
WTO je 6HI\a H y npOWI\OCTH, pa3HOl\HKa H MHoroCTpaHa. C;\H4HO TOMe, Ml\ailH y
5yrapcKoj ce, noceriuo y ilaHaWl-be speve, y nocrvocepuov ilHCKypCy, BeOMa
pa31\HKyjy npewa H3BeCHOM 6pojy HHilHKaTopa. JeilaH Oil I-bHX je, csaxaxo. MY3H4KH yKyC npewa KOMe ce HileHTHqmKyjy pyroaa Ml\ailHX, a pOK My3HKa He HCUpn/syje orpOMHO MHOWTBO THX npuopurera.

Crora je OHO 0 4eMy >KeI\HM oase ila ilHCKYTyjeM Be3aHO cawo aa jeilaH
acnexr Ky;\Type Ml\ailHX oja ce HileHTHepHKOBa;\a Kp03 ospebeu HCTOpHjCKH nepuoz, HI\YCTpyjynH ua oapebeu Ha4HH ilHjal\or H3Me1)y rxooaxuor H 1\0Ka;\Hor.
Ycpescpebyjex, ce Ha rl\06al\HH yruuaj pOK My3HKe H cneUHepH4aH Ha4HH Ha KOjH je 6HI\a I\OKal\H30BaHa y Eyrapcxoj cpeilHHoM ocacisecerwx roilHHa osor Bea. CMaTpaM ila je y raxsoj ilHCKyCHjH Oil nOMonH "ilHjal\owKH" npucryn HCTOpHjH non My3HKe, KaKaB aarosapa KHT Heryc (Keith Negus, 1996). TaKaB
npucryn ilonpHHocH 60lbeM pa3yMeBal-by ilHHaMH4He npupoz,c nonyxapue My3HKe, nocwarpaue xao uenpekuaau npouec, KOjH noaesyje npOWI\OCT H 6yilynHoCT,
cranajyh "cno.saunse" H "yuyrpaunse" diparx-eure, cnajajylu- rl\06al\He H 1\0Kal\He yruuaje. ilajynH xao pesyxrar pa31\H4HTe npaaue KOjH cy MOr;\H ila ce ilOroz,e cavo y oxpebeuov ilaTOM npocropy y zaro. cneuHepH4HO apeve. nOpeil TOra, TaKaB npucryn Morao je ila OCBeTI\H nara-se Ky;\TypHHX ilHjal\ora H

45

HOBvt 3ByK

I1HTepaKul1je y My3I1UI1. Y TaKBI1M L\.l1jaI\Or3I1Ma nojaBlbl1Bal\e cy ce 11 pa3BI1jal\e

pa31\11411Te TpaL\.I1Ul1je, a OHe L\.OHOCe - no npaauxy - yCKO 113MewaHe 11 HaHOBo
113MewaHe sese, xo]e 611 BpeMeHoM TeWKO MOrl\e L\.a 6yL\.Y jacuo l1L\.eHTl1epI1KOBaHe. Heryc He npesxaxe L\.a ce rpara aa TpeHYTKOM xasa cy 3an04el\I1 L\.l1ja1\0311
Kyl\Typa, pasroeopu. 111\11 jow 60/be pe-ieuo, Kyl\TypHe pa3MeHe. YMeCTO rora, OH
ce saxasce sa npucryn KOjl1 MO>Ke L\.a l1L\.eHTl1epl1Kyje KOHTI1HYI1TeT 11 L\.l1jal\ore Kp03
xoje ce L\.aTa rpasnuaja pasauja y apeveuy 11 npocropy. Crora je OBL\.e noeura L\.a
OHO WTO ce L\.eWaBal\O 113Me1}y pOK My3114apa 11 ny61\I1Ke y Byrapcxoj Hl1je 6111\0
craap cavo naCI1BHI1X 1\0Kal\HI1X "ozrosopa" ua rl\06al\HI1 yTI1Uaj, Ben CTBap I1Hrepaxuu]e, y KOjOj cy HenOCpeL\.HI1 Y4eCHI1UI1 y TOM npouecy 3aY311Mal\I1 He1136e>KHO L\.I1HaMI14KI1 nOI\O>Kaj.
MHorl1 Kpl1Tl14apl1, Me1}YTI1M, 4eCTO cMaTpajy rl\06al\HI1 yruuaj pOK My311Ke
npl11\114HO np061\eMaT114HI1M. C jeL\.He crpaue. pOK My311Ka ce TyMa411 ao npl1MapHI1 eKcnOHeHT "KYI\TypHor I1Mnepl1jaI\113Ma", xao epopMa xyxrype, xoja je npB0611THO noseaaua ca aMepl14KOM (CM) Kyl\TypOM 11 ca CHa>KHI1M KOMepul1jal\HI1M I1HTepeCI1Ma Me1}YHapOL\.He My3114Ke I1HL\.YCTpl1je. C L\.pyre crpaue, pOK
cwarpajy oCl\06a1}ajynoM cuarov xoja 061\I1Kyje CMI1CaO 1\0Kal\He pa31\11411TOCTI1
11 aYTeHTI14HOCTI1 Y pa3HI1M 3eMibaMa Wl1pOM CBeTa. flpewa MI1Wlbel-bY HeKI1X ayropa (Regev, 1997), TaKBa napasoxcaxua KOHTpaL\.I1Kul1ja peuiaaa ce creapa-sev
1\0Kal\He pOK My311Ke. Y TOM npouecy 1\0Kal\HI1 My3114apl1 eKI\eKTI14KI1 upny 113 My3114Ke "TpaHCHaUI10HaI\He KYI\Type", oapaxaaajyh rl\06al\HO 11 L\.OL\.ajynl1 HOBO,
Bl\aCTI1TO 3Ha4el-be. CBe OBe paswene Kao pesyxrar craapajy ocehaj npanasuoCTI1 jeL\.Hoj ozpebeuoj 3ajeL\.HI1UI1, "perpxekcnauo] 3ajeL\.HI1UI1", KaKO je HeKI1 Ha311aajy, 411je ce rxasuo ooexexje MO>Ke Y0411TI1 y nOWTOBal-bY OL\.pe1}eHI1X MY3114KI1X
BpeL\.HOCTI1, y HaweM CI\Y4ajy BpeL\.HOCTI1 pOK My311Ke, oja, ua HeKI1 Ha4I1H, BI1We
He npunaaa cave jezuoj HaUl1jl1, eTHI14Koj 111\11 1\0Kal\Hoj rpynu. OHO WTO >Kel\I1M
L\.a I1CTaKHeM jecre L\.a epeHOMeH pOK My311Ke BI1We Hl1je xovoreua My311Ka, Ben
pacu]e cKyn npaKCI1 xoje ce Mel-bajy y CKl\aL\.Y ca cneUI1epl14HI1M BpeMeHOM 11 MeCTOM ua KOMe ce L\.ora1}ajy. To oojaunsaaa 3aWTO cy HeKI1 KOjl1 cy npaTl1l\11 pOK
My311Ky 113jaBI11\I1 L\.a je epa pOK My311Ke "pobeua OKO 1956. rOL\.I1He ca EI\Bl1cOM
npl1cl\l1jeM (Elvis Presley), L\.OCTl1rl\a spxyuau OKO 1967. rOL\.I1He ca al\6yMoM Sgt.
Pepper rpyne The Beat/es, a 3aMpl\a OKO 1976. ca rpynov The Sex Pisto/s" (Frith,
1988a: 1). TaKBe 113jaBe ce aacnuaajy Ha noceouov L\.O>KI1BlbaBaI-bY pOK My311Ke,
y OBOM cI\Y4ajy ua 1\0rl1UI1 cas-or paasoja aanazn.a-uce. aurxo-ax-epuuxe pOK My311Ke, xoja je MO>KL\.a 113ry6111\a CBOj 6yHTOBHI14KI1, On0311UI10HI1 L\.Yx xoonepapal-beM ca Bel\l1KOM I1HL\.yCTpl1jOM. Me1}YTI1M, HeKI1 L\.pyrl1 aHal\I1TI14apl1 TBpL\.e L\.a cy
"rxacnue 0 CMpTI1 pOK My311Ke BeOMa npeTepaHe 11 L\.a MHOrl1 IbYL\.11 KOMYHl1ul1pajy ca L\.yXOM pOK My311Ke OL\. 1976. roL\.I1He 3aTO WTO ce "MY3114Ke epopMe poxa
rpaucrpopsouuy 11 pehy L\.albe y pa3HI1M npaBUI1Ma Wl1pOM n.vauere, L\.06l1jajynl1
HOBI1 3Ha4aj y pa31\11411TI1M orryauujawa" (Negus, 1996). no Herycy, pOK My311xa He cavo L\.a je oncraxa Kp03 I1CKyCTBO pa3HI1X reuepauuja OL\. 1976. rOL\.I1He,
Ben je L\.O>KI1Bel\a ocpacrau.e 11 uanvcruxa CBOj aHrl\0-aMepl14KI1 L\.OM, OTI1WaBWI1
y CBeT. Y rpeuyrxy xaca je YMl1pal\a aa HeKe rpahaue 6pl1TaHI1je 11 CjeL\.l1l-beHI1X

46

K. !\eBI1: MllaLlI1 11 nonyllapHa My311Ka y Evrepcxo]...

opuurheocehajuocr, POK je nocrao aa-

AMepVl4KVlX L'lp)/(aBa, aa npyre Ibyne pOK My3VlKa je 6VlAa BeOMa )/(VlBa Vl

Ha je 1la apTVlKyAVlwe uecxarau,e, aATepHaTVlBHy

)/(aH 1leo peneproapa on03VlUVlOHe nOAVlTVl4Ke npaxce y Vl3BeCHOM 6pojy 6VlBWVlX

counjaxucru-ucux 3eMaiba VlCT04He Vl ueHTpaAHe Eapone. Kao WTO neTep BVlKe
(Peter Wicke) HaB01lVl, y 6VlBWOj

Hewa-ucoj L'leMoKpaTcKoj Peny6AVluVl pOK je ap-

TVlKYAVlcao 1lpywTBeHe npoweue xoje cy Vl3rAe1laAe MHOro "peaoxyunouapnaje"

Hero OHO WTO ce 36VlBJAO y Cje1lVll-beHVlM L'lp)/(aBaMa aa spewe nececrux roauua
uaurer BeKJ.

Crora "pOK HVlje yMpO; OH je CaMO or-nuao 'Herne 1lpyr1le'

(Grossberg, 1994), nocr ajyhu 1leo 1lpyrVlx MY3Vl4KVlX 1lVljaAora".

Bepyje 1la je y BpeMe OCaM1leCeTVlX rocuua uauier aexa pOK My3VlKa ca

raxohe npucyrua y bvrapcxoj, 1l0)/(VlBlbaBajynVl CBOj "epxyuau". Y TO apewe pOK My3VlKa je aa CBe aehu 6poj 6yrap-

CBOjVlM on03VlUVlOHVlM noreuuujaxoc, 6VlAa

CKe OMAa1lVlHe 1l06VljaAa MVlTOAOWKVl sua-raj, CAVl4aH OHOM KOjVl je, peUVlMO, VlMaAa aa aHrAo-aMepVl4Ky OMAanVlHY sa apewe 6yHTOBHVlX KaCHVlX We31leCeTVlX
r01lVlHa. Y CTBapVl pOMaHTVl4Ha, Ma1la

ueoxpebeua Vl1leja 0 peuoxyuuouapuoj

KOHTpaKyATypVl KOjJ MO)/(e na "npOMeHVl CBeT", nOCTojaAJ je Me1)y 6yrapcKoM

OMi\a1lVlHOM jow TJ1la,

1960-Vlx

rosnua. na 4aK

Vl

pauu]e, y rOnVlHaMa "XAanHopa-

TOBCKe" napauoje. Ka1la je npVlCTyn aanazu.a-uco] KYi\TYpVl

6VlO

orpauuueu. no-

ce6HO 3JTO WTO cy Y TO apeve Bi\aCTVl cwarpaxe aMepVl4Ky nonyxapuy My3VlKy

"cy6Bep3VlBHVlM" Vl1leOAOWKVlM

opybe

KanVlTaAVlCTVl4Kor "uertpajare.sa". Y My-

3VlUVl ce OBaKJB npVlCTyn CB01lVlO Ha Ci\Y4ajHo npOWBepUOBaHe

rpavorpoucke

nxove Vli\Vl cAywa~be 3ana1lI-bJ4KVlX panVlO craunua, xao WTO cy Luxembourg, BBC
Vl Monte Carlo. VlnaK, 4aK Vl Ha cnopasnvan Vl HeepopMai\aH Ha4VlH, Ben cpeauHOM

1950-VlX

r01lVlHJ, opVlrVlHaAHVl rock 'n'

roll je nocrao nonYi\apaH Me1)y 6y-

rapcko OMi\a1lVlHOM, yrAaBHoM y yp6aHVlM Cpe1lVlHaMa. Ci\Vl4HO TOMe, 6pVlTaHCKa pOK VlHBa3Vlja We31leCeTVlX ronVlHa npozpxa je y byrapcxy 6e3 063Vlpa Ha
HenpVljaTelbcKVl CTaB KyATypHVlX BAaCTVl, xoje cy OBy My3VlKy KBai\VlepVlKOBaAe ao

nponarausy "awepu-ucor CTVlAa )/(VlBOTa". YnpKOC raxaoj orryauu]. MHore aMarepcxe pOK rpyne, BenVlHOM crysenara y rpa1l0BVlMa, OCHOBaHe Ben paunx ures-

rosnua. CBVlpai\e cy yrAaBHoM perieproap rpyna Shadows, Beat/es,

Rolling Stones, VlT1l. Ha3BaHe BOKai\HO-VlHCTpYMeHTaAHVlM aHcaM6AVlMa, re rpyne

1leCeTVlX

ueusvpacaxe Vl onpe1)VlBaAe, YBOnVli\e Vl nOnVl3aAe HVlBO yKyca jezuor Heyrxabeuor cruxa Vl nouaurau,a, oMe1)aBajynVl repuropajy Mi\a1lVlX y OKBVlPY nonyAapHe My3VlKe. Eyrapcxa peneproap y)/(VlBaO je jaKy n01lpwKy KaKO 6Vl ce cycy 4aK

nporcraeuo yruuajy 3ana1la. Je1lHa 01l uajycneunurjux oyrapcxax pOK rpyna, xoja
Vl

1laHaC My3VluVlpa, 6Vli\a je rpyna The Shtourzite (3pVlKaBuVl), OCHOBaHa 1967.

ro1lVlHe y

Corpu].

Ha jaBHVlM KOHuepTVlMa OBa rpyna je Vl3B01lVli\a

Vl

Bi\aCTVlTe

KOMn03VluVlje Vl necwe nporpecuouaxuax KOMn03VlTopa, a HeepopMai\HO, Vl36eraBajynVl 3aXTeBe 3BaHVl4HVlKa, Vl3B01lVli\a je

Vl

HaCi\OBHe aepsu]e CBeTCKVlX pOK

XVl-

TOBJ. OHO WTO je Mi\a1le y 5yrapcKoj BeOMJ npVlBAa4VlAO OBOj MY3VlUVl HVlje y TO
apeve 6Vli\a cawo 4Vll-beHVlUJ 1la cy noceouo BOi\eAVl 1la ce "3a6aBlbajy" Ha HeepopMaAaH Ha4VlH; OBy My3VlKy cy

raxobe ocehaxu xao CVlM60A cA0601le, OCAO-

47

HOBJ1 3BYK
60l)eHe I-1Hf>.I-1SI-1f>.ya/\HOCH1 1-1 He3aSI-1CHOr craaa (Levy, 1992). MI-1C/\I-1M f>.a ce, y
OSOM CM1-1c/\y, MO>Ke nosyha napaxexa 1-13Mel)y l-tcroxa 1-1 3anaf>.a. YI-1t-beHI-1Ua f>.a
cy lbyf>.1-1 Ha 3an3.L'>.y Y3sI-1KI-1sa/\I-1 "SOf>.I-1Te lby6as, He par", f>.OK cy lbyf>.1-1 ua VlCTOKy rapsorxaao CSl-1pa/\l-1, c/\ywa/\l-1 1-1/\1-1 npocro Y>KI-1SaM1 y 3SyKy "3a6pat-beHe" My31-1Ke, He orkxau.a nocrojau.e Moryne napa/\e/\e 1-13Mel)y t-bI-1XOSI-1X MOTI-1Sa.
Taxo je npu-ra 0 pOK MY31-1UI-1 Y 6yrapcKoj aano-rexa Ma/\o acuuje Hero y
3anaf>.HI-1M 3eMlbaMa, uenocpezuo c/\ef>.enl-1 csercxy MOf>.Y, a I-1naK Of>.pa>Kasajynl-1
pa3/\I-141-1TY f>.pywTseHy I-1CTOpl-1jy. Osa npl-14a OTKpl-1/\a je pacryhy 3pe/\OCT TOKOM
1980-I-1X, xao Of>.rOSOp ua CTa/\Ha /\OKa/\Ha l-1f>.eO/\OWKa orpa-u-ueu,a. Y TO apewe
pOK My31-1Ka y byrapcxoj je 61-1/\a sen f>.OSOIbHO Myf>.pa f>.a, ua He3asI-1cHI-1jl-1 1-1 I-1Hf>.I-1SI-1f>.ya/\Hl-1jl-1 Ha41-1H, noaose ua n/\ypa/\I-13aM uacynpor Hef>.OCTaTKY npase xyMaHe 1-1 YMeTHI-14Ke cxctioz,e.
neCMa xojy >Ke/\I-1M f>.a npl-1/\O>KI-1M xao l-1/\ycTpaul-1jy KaKO IbYf>.CKe TaKO 1-1
YMeTHI-14Ke 3pe/\OCTI-1 Hl-1je ycaMlbeH npl-1Mep, sen je 61-1/\a f>.eo npoueca KOjl-1 noKywasaM f>.a npef>.CTaSI-1M y r/\aSHI-1M upTaMa. Hasaana POK y npOW/lOM BpeMeHYI
necwa je CHI-1MlbeHa 1985. rosuue y 1-13sol)et-by jef>.He Of>. Haj3Ha4ajHI-1jl-1x pOK rpyna y Eyrapcxo], The Shtourzite, 1-1 CTeK/\a craryc "K/\aCI-14HOr pOK XI-1Ta" y /\OKa/\HI-1M OKSl-1pI-1Ma, aKO Mory TaKO f>.a Ka>KeM. Y TO speMe, MenyTI-1M, 4/\aHOSI-1 rpyne
cy 61-1/\1-1 y CSOjl-1M KaCHI-1M Tpl-1f>.eCeTI-1M 1-1 paHI-1M 4eTpf>.eCeTI-1M rof>.I-1HaMa, He SI-1we TaKO M/\af>.l-1, 1-1 necwa je y creapu MeTaepopa xoja ospaxaaa ropxo I-1CKyCTBO
jef>.He pOK reuepauuje oja je npexueexa HeKe He TaKO CMeWHe crpaue cneuuepl-14He npu-re 0 pOK MY31-1UI-1 Y 6yrapcKoj, a yonurre-u-]e - 1-1 Y VlCT04HOj Eeporny ue/\I-1HI-1. Flecwa nozceha, uapasao ca ocwexov. a He Mp>Kt-bOM, ua ueke MaHI-1rpecraua]e /\OKa/\He ueusype, ua speMe asa je MywKapau Morao 61-1TI-1 yxanuieu
360r zyre oce a ceua Mor/\a ynacru y HeBOlbe 360r xparxe cyKt-be, WTO cse nocceha ua arpuovre npanasau.a "POK 3ajef>.HI-1UI-1" oja je yrpoxcaaaxa l-1f>.eO/\OWKO
"3f>.paSlbe" f>.pywTsa. OHO WTO 40seK MO>Ke f>.a np041-1Ta 1-13 cruxoaa je 1-13pa3 aeOMa /\I-14HOr ucxycraa oje r/\acl-1 HeWTO xao: "O.K., 6aw Hac 6pl-1ra aa rxynocru
Kojl-1Ma CMO oKpy>KeHI-1, KOHa4HO MI-1 CMO jow yBeK o Bf>.e, npe>KI-1Be/\1-1 CMO, a/\l-1,
3aWTO CMO, f>.OBpara, nporpahnxa CBe TO epewe? ... " Texchu eepeKTI-1Ma napoauje - npucryny KOjl-1 je 061-14HO yf>.py>KeH ca jaKoM n03l-1ul-1joM WTO oworyhaea f>.a
Kpl-1TI-1Ka zpyurrea xojy caf>.p>K1-1 6yf>.e 036I-1lbHO cxaaheua - OBa necwa f>.aje CMI-1cao pa3/\I-141-1TI-1M f>.l-1ja/\03l-1Ma y nopyul-1 xao ue/\I-1HI-1. WTO ce TI-14e TeKCTa, necwa
ce 3aCHI-1Sa Ha M/\af>.a/\a4KOM, CBaKOf>.HeBHOM pe4HI-1KY, KOjl-1 ce .sonaaao raaaunso]
M/\af>.oj ny6/\I-1uI-1 1-1 uoecehao ua npouixa speMeHa. Y My31-14KOM CMI-1C/\Y, MO>Ke ce
4yTI-1 3ByK nOHeWTO n03ajMlbeH Of>. rpyne The Beat/es, HeWTO xapf>. pOK My31-1Ke,
noveurane. Mel)YTI-1M, ca jacao 1-13pa>KeHOM UpTOM /\OKa/\Hor My31-14Kor uapozuor
CMl-1c/\a aa XyMOp. YaK je 1-1 pl-1TMI-14Ka OCHOBa, 1-13Sef>.eHa 1-13 -ryseue pl-1TMI-14Ke
KOHepl-1rypaul-1je xoja ce npnnucyje 60y L11-1f>./\l-1jy (Bo Diddley) - UpHOM aMepl-14KOM R&B (pOK 1-1 6/\Y3) yMeTHI-1Ky, rpaucrpopsorcana f>.a 3By41-1 BI-1We xao /\OKa/\Ha
uapoaua My31-1Ka, WTO noxpasyveaa 3f>.pasy cnoc06HOCT f>.a I-1CMeSaTe OHO WTO He
osoopaeare. Mel) yTI-1 M, 'ra -ryaeua pl-1TMI-14Ka urewa nOTI-14e 1-13 crape arppo-avepl-14Ke neCMI-1Ue 5pJ1jafbe J1 iunuuiu: 3a il.Ba HOBLJJ1T1a (Shave and Haircut - Two

48

Bits), rL'..e ce noz, HOB4J.-1nJ.-1Ma noapaayweaajy L'..Ba ueura. 5yrapCKJ.-1 pOKepJ.-1 jezna
L'..a cy 6J.-11\J.-1 CBeCHJ.-1 l-beHe J.-1CTOpJ.-1jcKe n03aL'..J.-1He. OHJ.-1 cy je jeL'..HOCTaBHo ynorpe6J.-11\J.-1. Tako 6J.-1 40BeK Morao L'..a 3aKIbY4J.-1 L'..a ce. eKl\eKTJ.-14KJ.-1 KOpJ.-1CTenJ.-1 pa31\J.-14J.-1Te My3J.-14Ke weMe, epOpMyi\J.-1CaHe ua ri\06ai\HOM HJ.-1BOY, OHe i\OKai\J.-13yjy Kp03 neCMy Ha 6yrapcKoM je3J.-1Ky ca i\OKai\HOM TeMOM J.-1 TYMa4el-beM OBJ.-1X uiewa Ha
COnCTBeHJ.-1 Ha4J.-1H. Y Uei\J.-1HJ.-1, necwa roBOpJ.-1 je3J.-1KOM KOjJ.-1 jacuo J.-13pa>t<aBa KYi\TypHJ.-1 J.-1L'..eHTJ.-1TeT, npJ.-1naL'..ajynJ.-1 KaKO i\OKai\Hoj TaKO J.-1 ri\06al\Hoj "peepl\eKCJ.-1BHOj pOK 3ajeL'..HJ.-1UJ.-1".

***
Y 3aKlbY4KY 6J.-1X >t<ei\ei\a L'..a J.-1CTaKHeM L'..a je L'..aHaC, uapasno, raj cneuaepJ.-14HJ.-1 6yHTOBHJ.-1 nepJ.-1oL'.. pOK npn-re y Eyrapcxoj Ben aaspureu. ynopez,o ca pyWel-beM 6epi\J.-1HCKOr 3J.-1L'..a 1989. rOL'..J.-1He, xao WTO je, npernocraa/saw, TO CI\Y4aj
y BenJ.-1HJ.-1 3eMaiba ca Ci\J.-14HOM J.-1CTOpJ.-1jOM. He 6J.-1x pekxa L'..a je pOK y Eyrapcxoj
yMpO, ai\J.-1, y CBaKOM CI\Y4ajy, oceha L'..a ce BpeMe paL'..J.-1Kai\HO npOMeHJ.-1I\O J.-1 L'..a
cy ce HOBJ.-1 J.-13a30BJ.-1 nojaBJ.-1i\J.-1 npeL'.. caL'..aWI-bOM Kyi\TypOM Mi\aL'..J.-1X.
(Flpesoc ca eurxecxor: Becua Kopuh)

51115;\1I10fPACDII1JA

Gaytandjiev, Gencho. 1990. Popularnata muzika: pro? contra?

prosveta: Sofia.

Frith, Simon. 1983. Sounds Effects: Youth, Leisure and the Politics ad Rock 'n'
Roll. London: Constable

Frith, Simon. 1988. Music for Pleasure. Cambridge: Polity Press.

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