Muscle

Biceps

Triceps

deltoids

Location
Just below the
shoulder
muscle, the
front of the
upper arm
Just below the
shoulder
muscle, the
back of the
upper arm.
The shoulders

Pectoralis
major

Large muscle
spreader
across the
chest from the
shoulder to
the
breastbone

Rectus
abdominus

Iliac crest /
pelvic girdle

vastus
lateralis,

Front of the
upper leg

vastus
medialis

Front of the
upper leg

vastus
intermedius

Front of the
upper leg

semimembran
osus

Back of the
upper leg

semitendinosu
s

back of the
upper leg leg

function
Flexor muscles
of the elbow
joint

origin
Clavicle and
shoulder
(deltoids)

insertion
Radius

Extensor
muscles of the
shoulder joint

Humerus and
scapula

Ulna

Main abductor
of the
shoulder joint
They control
movement in
the arm, and
help in deep
breathing by
pulling the
ribcage to
create room
flexing
the lumbar
spine as when
doing a crunch
sit up flexing
the upper
abdominals
Involved in
knee
extension, and
contributes in
keeping the
patella in
place
Used to
extend the leg
at the knee
and stabilise
the patella
Used to
extend the leg
at the knee
and stabilise
the patella
Enabling the
leg to flex and
rotate at the
hip joint
Helps to
extend the hip
joint, and also
rotate the hip

Scapula and
clavicle

Humerus

Sacrum

Occipital bone

Pubis

5th-7th Ribs

femur

Tibia

femur

Tibia

femur

Tibia

ischium

Tibia

ischium

Tibia

joint
biceps femoris

Back of the
upper leg

gastrocnemius

The back of
the lower leg,
below the
knee cap

tibialis anterior

The front of
the lower leg,
below the
knee cap
Ranging
through the

erector spinae

teres major

The underside
of the upper
arm between
the elbow and
shoulder.

trapezius

Longitudinally
from the
occipital bone
to the lower
thoracic
vertebrae, and
laterally to
thespine of
the scapula.

latissimus
dorsi

Symmectrical
along the
backbone,
covering the
lower tip of
the scapular,
located on the
lower back of
the body
above the
pelvic grindle

Preforms
flexion of the
leg at the
knee joint
Preforms
plantar flexion
at the
foot/ankle and
flexion at the
knee joint
Preforms dorsi
flexion of the
foot, and also
inversion
Flexion of the
back at the
spine and side
to side
rotation
Control
movement of
the rotator
cuff/ control
movement of
the humerus
To preform
dorsi flexion of
the head, to
rotate the
neck, enables
movement of
the shjoulder
blades and
assists in
breathing.
extension,
adduction,
horizontal
abduction,
flexion from
an extended
position, and
internal
rotation of
the shoulder
joint. It also
has a
synergistic ro
le in
extension and
lateral flexion

femur

Fibula

Femur

Achilles
calcaneus

Tibia

Ankle

Sacrum

Occipital bone

Posterior
aspect of the
inferior angle
of the scapula

Medial lip of
the
intertubercula
r sulcus of the
humerus

Base of skull
and c7-t12

Clavicle and
Scapula

T7 region of
the spine

Humerus

obliques

Sides of the
abdomen

gluteus
maximus

in the
buttocks

soleus

the back of
the lower leg

of the lumbar
spine.
Flexion at the
trunk/ rotation
of the trunk,
pulls down the
chest during
exhalation and
supports the
rotation of the
spint
Movement of
the hip and
thigh
Planter flexion
of the foot

Anterior
angles of
lower eight
ribs

Ilium and
sacrum
Tibia and
fibula

Outer anterior
half of iliac
crest, inguinal
lig, public
tubercle and
crest, and
aponeurosis of
anterior rectus
sheath
Femur
Ulna

Skeletal muscle is muscle that is attached to bone, and their main function is
to produce movement via pulling onto bones which formulate the skeleton. They
are also regarded as striated muscle due to their striped appearance under the
telescope; this stripy appearance is due to the bands of actin and myosin which
form the sarcomere, which are found between the myofibrils.
They are known also as voluntary muscles, as they contract under direct
conscious control via nerve impulses sent to the brain which send back
messages to the muscles. The strengths of the contractions may also vary from
strong powerful contractions to light, quick precise ones.
They also have the ability to stretch, being able to come back to its original
shape like a rubber band.
Skeletal muscle fibres are also different. Different fibre types are suited for
different situations and activities; they also differ in colour due to their
myoglobin content.
The 3 muscle types are type 1, type 2a and type 2b. they vary in amounts of
capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin as they are designed for different
sporting situations.
Smooth muscle also known as involuntary muscle is muscle that contracts
without direct conscious control. It is also known as non-striated as its surface is
smooth and flat unlike skeletal muscle.
It is found on the walls of hollow organs for instance the stomach, the pancreas,
the intestine and the walls of blood vessels. The muscle type is stimulated by
involuntary neurogenic impulses and has slow, rhythmical contractions used in
controlling internal organ functions, for example, moving food along the
Oesophagus or constricting blood vessels during Vasoconstriction
Cardiac muscle is only found in the walls of the heart, and shares similarities
with voluntary muscle that it appears striated, and also with smooth muscle in
that it is involuntary. However its contractions are controlled by the autonomic
nervous system which acts as a pacemaker for the heart beats. Cardiac muscle is
highly resistant to fatigue due to its cells having a large number of mitochondria,
myoglobin and a good blood supply allowing continuous aerobic metabolism.
This makes the heart never fatigue and keeps it beating for our whole lifetime.