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BASICS OF VIBRATION
A.K.SINHA
AGM (TURBINE)
PSTS(HQ), NOIDA
WHAT IS VIBRATION ?
VIBRATION
Vibration act as a heart beat for any rotating machinery.
VIBRATION
When a machine operates and reflects a particular
vibration behaviour, it is a sum total of Quality of
Design
Manufacturing
Erection
Commissioning
Servicing
Operation and Maintenance practices
Vibration is a manifestation of combination of various
excitation forces generated internally or externally in the
system.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VIBRATION
AMPLITUDE
FREQUENCY
PHASE
GAP VOLTAGE
UNITS OF VIBRATION
(A) DISPLACEMENT
MICRONS, PEAK TO PEAK
MICRONS, 0 TO PEAK
MICRONS, RMS
(B) VELOCITY
MM/SEC, PEAK
MM/SEC, RMS
(C)ACCELERATION
M/SEC2, PEAK
M/SEC2, RMS
G, PEAK
G, RMS
UNITS OF VIBRATION
Average
RMS
0 - Peak
Peak - Peak
RMS
= 0.707 x (0-Peak)
Average
= 0.637 x (0-Peak)
Peak to Peak = 2 x (0-Peak)
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
DEMO
1 CYCLE/SEC.
UPPER LIMIT
MEAN POSITION
LOWER LIMIT
TIME IN SECONDS
1 Hz
FREQUENCY IN Hz
360 0
B1
B2
B3
B4
Measuring
Amplifier
PROXIMITY
PICK-UP
45O
45O
SHAFT
VERTICAL
ORL
SHAFT
R
HORIZONTAL
PROXIMITY PROBE
(NON CONTACT TYPE PICK UP)
ACCELEROMETER
FOR HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE
BEST SUITED FOR 1000 HZ ONWARDS
REASONS OF VIBRATION
UNBALANCE
MISALIGNMENT
LOOSENESS
PIPE PULLS
SHAFT CATENARY / BEARING LOADING
RESONANCE
UNEQUAL FLOW PATH CLEARANCES
RUBBING
REASONS OF VIBRATION
SHAFT BOW
OIL / STEAM WHIRL
DEVIATED OPERATING PARAMETERS
DEFECTIVE BEARING / ASSEMBLY OF BEARING
VIBRATION TRANSMITTION FROM OTHER SOURCE
GEAR INACCURACIES
CASING DISTORSTION
CAVITATION
Off Line Vibration Monitoring System :When the problems lies in the machine and support
interface system, On-line Monitoring System has
THRUST
BRG.
IP
TURBINE
HP
TURBINE
1
HP
Front
2
HP
Rear
GENERATOR
LP TURBINE
3
IP
Rear
EXCITER
4
LP
Rear
5
Gen
Front
6
Gen
Rear
7
Exciter
Location of Bearing vibration pick up:45 Degrees Left and Right at all bearings from 1 to 7
Location of Shaft vibration pick up:45 Degrees Left and Right at all bearings from 1 to 7
Presently, All bearing / shaft vibrations are measured in microns, pk-pk
VIBRATION ANALYSER
FFT ANALYSER
CONCLUSION
UNDERSTANDING OF BASICS OF VIBRATION IS THE FIRST
STEP IN ACQUIRING THE SKILL OF DIAGNOSITCS AND
TROUBLESHOOTING
QUALITY OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENT IS THE SECOND STEP
UNDERSTANDING THE VIBRATION MONITORING SYSTEM AND
THANK YOU