REMODELING OF 10M HOUSE

INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

BASEMENT
DETAIL ANALYSIS

BASEMENT
Basement layout and the problems faced in planning
Wall on wall structure
Stairs and emergency exit

Integration of basement with above building

Architectural
Structural

Services design
Electrical & illumination system
Ventilation system
Sewage system (storage tank)

How A Basement Is Built

STEP 1
The basement construction process begins with excavation to the depth. The first
elements to be constructed are footings. Footings are almost always made of poured
concrete. First, trenches are dug to accommodate the footings. Normally, footings are
twice the width of the walls and as deep as they are wide. Next, boards are set in the
trenches to serve as forms for the wet concrete. In order to reinforce the foundation, steel
reinforcing bar (rebar) is embedded in the concrete.

STEP 2
Erecting the basement (foundation) walls is next. The walls have to be strong, stable, and
dry. The concrete is poured inside forms with steel rebar embedded for reinforcement.
Poured concrete also has the advantage of being seamless, thereby providing a desirable
moisture barrier.

STEP 3
The third feature to be constructed is the slab. This is the floor of the basement. To level it,
a layer of leveling sand is established under the slab. The slab is usually at least 4 inches
thick. Once the walls and slab have been completed, it is time to backfill up to the walls in
the excavation site.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Game Room
o Basements offer a great opportunity for game rooms because they are out of the way, and lend
great space for things that are usually inappropriate in other areas of the home. There is usually
plenty of space for a pool table, a foosball table, or some arcade games.

Bed Room
o If there is need of a guest bedroom, the basement is a great place to look. Below-grade
bedrooms can be just as comfortable provided that its insulated properly and there are no
moisture issues.

Kitchenette
o A small kitchen could be very useful in the basement if u want to spend a couple of hours over
there.

Storage
o Storage is a natural option for the basement, it is a wise idea to set off an area of a finished
basement for storage.

Basement area
Stair Case
Sunken area
Bath
Room
Storage
Kitchen
Lobby

Stair Case Detail

STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION

INTEGRATION OF ABOVE & UNDER GROUND WALLS

ABOVE-GROUND WALL THICKNESS

UNDER-GROUND WALL THICKNESS

9 th brick masonry wall

4.5 th RCC wall on outer side facing soil + 4.5 th brick

masonry wall on inner side

6 th hollow core concrete wall

3 th RCC wall + 4.5 th brick masonry wall

15 th brick cavity wall

4.5 RCC wall on outer side then 2 cavity and 9 th

brick wall

8 th ECB wall

3.5 th RCC wall + 4.5 th brick masonry wall

Minimum Horizontal Reinforcement for Concrete

Basement Walls
MAXIMUM
UNSUPPORTED HEIGHT
OF BASEMENT WALL
(feet)

LOCATION OF HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

One No. 4 bar within 12 inches of the top of the wall story and one No. 4 bar near mid-height of the
wall story

>8

One No. 4 bar within 12 inches of the top of the wall story and one No. 4 bar near third points in the
wall story

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a.

Horizontal reinforcement requirements are for reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi and concrete with a minimum concrete
compressive strength 2,500 psi.

Minimum Vertical Reinforcement for Flat Concrete

Basement Walls
MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classesa and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)
MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

10

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHTf
(feet)

GW, GP, SW, SP

30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML

45

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL

60

NR

NR

NR

NR

6 @ 39

6 @ 48

5 @ 39

6 @ 48

6 @ 35

6 @ 48

6 @ 34

6 @ 25

6 @ 39

6 @ 25

6 @ 18

NR

NR

NR

NR

5 @ 37

6 @ 48

5 @ 36

6 @ 44

6 @ 32

6 @ 47

6 @ 30

6 @ 22

6 @ 34

6 @ 22

6 @ 16

6 @ 27

6 @ 17

DR

NR

NR

NR

NR

5 @ 35

6 @ 48

6 @ 48

6 @ 41

6 @ 30

6 @ 43

6 @ 28

6 @ 20

6 @ 31

6 @ 20

DR

6 @ 24

6 @ 15

DR

10

6 @ 19

DR

DR

For SI:1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPa 2/m, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a.

Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

b.

Table values are based on reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi and vertical
reinforcement being located at the centerline of the wall. SeeSection R404.1.2.3.7.2.

c.

Vertical reinforcement with a yield strength of less than 60,000 psi and/or bars of a different size than specified in the table are permitted in accordance with Section
R404.1.2.3.7.6 and Table R404.1.2(9).

d.

Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

e.

Interpolation is not permitted.

f.

Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

g.

NR indicates no vertical wall reinforcement is required, except for 6-inch nominal walls formed with stay-in-place forming systems in which case vertical reinforcement shall be No.
4@48 inches on center.

h.

See Section R404.1.2.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

i.

See Table R611.3 for tolerance from nominal thickness permitted for flat walls.

j.

DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

FLOORING
Due to moisture and humidity problems, basement flooring should be chosen wisely .

CONCRETE
o This should be the first option . Concrete floors can be stained or painted to almost any design and look.
Good insulation can make concrete flooring nearly as warm as any other flooring option.

CERAMIC/VINYL TILE
o These tiling options will work for basements, but only if the sub-flooring remains dry enough for the
adhesive. So extra care is required while preparing the sub-flooring before installing the tile.

CARPET
o The most common mistake made is installing carpet in the basements. Carpet will trap moisture and is
especially susceptible to mold.

VENTILATION AND ILLUMINATION

Basement Illumination in Absence of Windows

Use Natural Light From Other Sources
Light Colored Walls

Internal Glazing
Spot Lighting
False Windows

Use Natural Light

From Other
Sources
In a truly windowless room sunlight
can be availed from a light tube that
refracts light into a room. Or, a
skylight may be an option.
Another option can be use of stairwell
as a potential means of getting light
in.

Light Colored
Walls
A good approach to take with
a room that has no outlook is
to keep the walls light colored.
Off whites and light browns will
work well in a cellar or a
corridor and prevent the space
from becoming oppressive.

Internal Glazing
Windowless rooms can feel
like you cannot escape them.
To mitigate for these sorts of
feelings use internal glazing
as much as possible where
the space needs to be
divided up. Open plan
spaces tend to cause less
anxiety in the absence of
windows.

False Windows
By making a false wall, with an
LED wash behind it, can fool
the eye into thinking there is
natural light coming in. The look
works wells with colored and
tinted glazing, making it ideal
for dens and basements.

BASEMENT INSULATION

The exterior areas of basement walls that will end up buried below the finished grade
must be coated with a high-grade waterproofing system such as Tuff-n-Dri should be
applied. These systems coats the wall with a 40 mil. asphalt emulsion that sets up to a
rubbery consistency. Over that, a semi-rigid board of pressed fiberglass is placed. This
board helps insulate the wall & also acts as a drain, breaking up the hydrostatic pressure
and allowing the water to drain down to the foundation drain system.

SERVICES DESIGN

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Electrical Layout

1 dia pipe is used

M.D.B of GF just above it

Spot lighting

Recessed Lighting

Track Lighting

RECESSED LIGHTING

SEWEGE SYSTEM

Sump pit
A sump pit drainage system includes a sump pit, a sump pump and a pump discharge
pipe.
The sump pit, set into the basement floor, collects water from the weeping tiles around
basement.
The pump pushes the water outside the house or into the main septic tank through the
discharge pipe.

American Calculation (compiled from several informal sources)

0.95 cubic metres plus 0.95 cubic metres per bedroom.So:
No. Bedrooms

Tank Size in Cubic Metres

1.9

2.85

3.8

4.75

5.7

British Calculation (from the British Standard BS 6297)

2,000 litres (2 cu metres) plus 180 litres per person. So:

No People

10

Tank Size
(cu meters)

2.18

2.36

2.54

2.72

2.9

3.08

3.26

3.44

3.62

3.8