- Amylase

Huyt tng: 20 - 220 U/L.

Nc tiu: < 1000 U/L.
-Amylase c nhiu trong tu ngoi tit v tuyn nc bt.
Hot - amylase huyt tng, nc tiu tng trong vim tu cp, vim tu mn, chn thng
tu, ung th tu, cc chn thng bng, vim tuyn nc bt (quai b),...
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Mc d - amylase huyt tng c vai tr chn on xc nh vim tu cp, nhng n t c lin
quan n nng v tin lng ca vim tu cp.
Apo-AI
Nam: 104-202 mg/dL.
N: 108-225mg/dL.
Nng Apo-AI huyt tng gim trong ri lon lipid mu, bnh mch vnh.
Apo-B100
Nam: 66 - 133 mg/dL.
N: 60-117mg/dL.
Nng Apo-B100 huyt tng tng , nguy c va x ng mch.
T s Apo-B
100/ Apo AI: < 1.
T s Apo- B tng c nguy c va x ng mch.
Glucose
Huyt tng: 4,2-6,4 mmol/L.
Nc tiu: m tnh.
Bnh thng glucose huyt tng khi i < 6,1 mmol/L, nu mc glucose huyt tng khi
i 7,0 mmol/L trong t nht 2 ln xt nghim lin tip cc ngy khc nhau th b i tho
ng (diabetes mellitus).
Khi lm nghim php dung np glucose ng ung OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test):
Nu mc glucose huyt tng thi im 2 gi sau th nghim < 7,8 mmol/L l bnh
thng.
Nu mc glucose t 7,8 n <11,1 mmol/L l gim dung np glucose (impaired glucose
tolerance).
Nu mc glucose 11,1 mmol/L l i tho ng.
Glucose huyt tng thng tng trong i tho ng tp I v tp II.
Glucose huyt tng cng c th tng trong mt s bnh khc nhim ty, sau n, ... bnh tuyn
gip (Basedow), u no, vim mng no, cc sang chn s no, suy gan, bnh thn, vv.
HbA1c
4,2-6,4%
HbA1c ph thuc vo i sng hng cu (120 ngy), nn nng HbA1c cao c gi tr nh gi
s tng nng glucose mu trong thi thi gian 2-3 thng trc thi im lm xt nghim hin
ti.
Insulin mu
5-20 mU/mL.
Tng khi tu hot ng bnh thng, i tho ng tp I, bo ph.

Gim khi tu hot ng yu, i tho ng tp I.

Cholesterol
3,6 - 5,2 mmol/L.
Tng cholesterol bm sinh, ri lon glucid-lipid, va x ng mch, cao huyt p, nhi mu c
tim cp, n nhiu tht, trng.
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Gim khi b i ko di, nhim ure huyt, ung th giai on cui, nhim trng huyt, cng
gip, bnh Basedow, thiu mu, suy gan.
Triglycerid
0,46-2,2 mmol/L.
Tng trong hi chng tng lipid mu nguyn pht v th pht, va x ng mch, bnh l v d
tr glycogen, hi chng thn h, vim ty, suy gan. Nu qu 11 mmol/L c th dn n vim ty
cp tnh.
Gim trong x gan, mt s bnh mn tnh, suy kit, cng tuyn gip.
HDL-C
0,9 - 2 mmol/L.
Tng c tc dng lm gim nguy c x va ng mch v bnh mch vnh.
Gim trong x va ng mch, bnh mch vnh, bo ph, ht thuc l.
LDL-C
1,8 - 3,9 mmol/L.
Tng trong nguy c x va ng mch v bnh mch vnh.
Fructosamin
2,0 - 2,8 mmol/L.
Fructosamin c to thnh do s gn ca glucose vo albumin (c thi gian bn hu khong 20
ngy) nh s glycosyl ho khng cn enzym.
Nng fructosamin huyt tng phn nh nng glucose mu 2-3 tun trc thi im lm
xt nghim.
Ure
Nc tiu/ 24 gi
338 - 538 mmol/ 24 gi.
Ure niu gim trong tn thng thn (urea mu tng) vim thn, sn git, chy mu nhau thai,
thiu niu, v niu, gim s to ure, bnh gan, ...
Ure niu tng n gim protein, cng gip trng, dng thuc thyoxin, sau phu thut, st cao,
ng mu cao trong giai on u ca bnh i tho ng.
Huyt tng
2,5 - 7,5 mmol/L.
Ure mu gim do i tiu t, mt nc, bnh cu thn, u tin lit tuyn, suy gan, ch n ngho
m, n ch nhiu rau, cc tn thng gan nng gy gim kh nng to ure t NH3, ...
Ure mu tng trong st ko di, nhim trng huyt, chn thng, ung th hoc u lnh tin lit
tuyn, si, do ch n giu m, tng chuyn ho m, chc nng thn b tn thng, suy tim
tr.

Creatinin
Nc tiu/24 gi
5,6 -12,6 mmol/24 gi
Nng creatinin nc tiu tng trong bnh to cc chng khng l, i tho ng, nhim
trng, nhc gip trng,...
Nng creatinin nc tiu gim trong cc bnh thn tin trin, vim thn, bnh bch cu, suy Page | 3
gan, thiu mu,...
Huyt tng
53- 120 mmol/L.
Nng creatinin huyt tng tng trong thiu nng thn, tn thng thn, vim thn cp v
mn, b i, suy thn, tng huyt p v cn, nhi mu c tim cp.
Nng creatinin huyt tng gim trong ph vim, vim thn, suy gan
Protein ton phn huyt thanh
46 - 82 g/L.
Trong a u tu xng, nn ma nhiu, a chy nng, mt nhiu m hi khi st cao ko di, thiu
nng v thng thn, i tho ng nng.
Trong vim thn cp hoc mn tnh, thn h (c bit l thn h nhim m), mt nhiu protein
qua ng rut (do hp th km),...
Albumin
38 -51 g/L.
Trong mt nc, nn nhiu, tiu chy nng, ...
Trong hi chng thn c protein niu, cc bnh gan nng, thn h nhim m, vim thn mn,
bng, eczema, dinh dng km, ph n c thai, ngi gi, ...
T s A/ G
1,2-1,8.
Do thiu hay khng c globulin.
T s A/G gim < 1 thng do gim albumin hoc tng globulin hoc do phi hp c hai.
Albumin gim trong suy dinh dng, suy kit, lao, ung th; tng globulin trong a u ty, nhim
khun,bnh collagen; gim albumin v tng globulin gp trong x gan, vim thn cp, hi chng
thn h nhim m.
Acid uric
Nam 140-420 mol/L.
N 120-380 mol/L.
Trong bnh Gout (thng phong), nhim khun, thiu mu c tnh, a hng cu, thiu nng thn,
cng cn gip trng.
Trong bnh Wilson, teo gan vng da cp, suy thn, ...
Natri
Huyt thanh: 135 -150 mmol/L.
Nc tiu/ 24 gi: 152-282 mmol/24 gi.
Khi n, ung qu nhiu mui, mt nc, suy tim, vim thn khng c ph, vim no, ph tim
hoc ph thn, khi iu tr bng corticoid,...
Trong trng hp mt nhiu mui, say nng, ra nhiu m hi, nn ma, a chy, suy v thng
thn, khi iu tr thuc li tiu ko di,...

Kali
3,5 -5,0 mmol/L.
Trong vim thn, thiu nng thn (c v niu hoc thiu niu), nhim xetonic i ng, ng c
nicotin, thuc ng, Addison- thiu nng v thng thn,...
Khi thiu kali a vo c th, mt kali bt thng ng tiu ho: nn ma ko di, a chy,
tc rut, hp thc qun,...
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Clo
95 - 110 mmol/L.
Trong mt nc, tim truyn Natri qu mc, chn thng s no, nhim kim h hp,...
Trong nn ma ko di, mt nhiu m hi, bng nng, n ch bnh l t mui,...
Calci
Huyt thanh
2,2- 2,6 mmol/L.
Nc tiu/24 gi
2,5 -7,5 mmol/ 24 gi.
Calci ion ho
1,17 - 1,29 mmol/ L.
Trong u nng tuyn cn gip, dng nhiu Vitamin D, ung th (xng, v, ph qun), a u tu
xng.
Trong thiu nng tuyn cn gip, gy co git, tetani, thiu vitamin D, ci xng, cc bnh v
thn, vim ty cp, tha xng, long xng,...
Bilirubin
Bilirubin TP: 3 - 17 mol/L.
Bilirubin LH (TT): 0,1 - 4,2 mol/L.
Bilirubin TD (GT): 3-13,6 mol/L.
Bilirubin TP huyt tng tng trong cc trng hp vng da do: tan huyt, vim gan, tc mt.
Bilirubin TD huyt tng tng trong vng da trc gan: tan huyt (thiu mu tan huyt, st rt,
truyn nhm nhm mu, vng da tr s sinh).
Bilirubin LH tng trong vng da ti gan v sau gan: vim gan, tc mt, x gan.
CRP
(C reactive protein: protein phn ng C)
0-6 mg/L.
CRP huyt thanh tng trong cc phn ng vim cp nh nhi mu c tim, tc mch, nhim
khun, bnh mn tnh nh bnh khp, vim rut, cng nh trong mt s ung th nh bnh
Hodgkin, K thn.
CRP cn l xt nghim nh gi mc nng v tin lng ca vim tu cp, CRP 150
mg/L l vim tu cp nng.
LDH
200 - 480 U/L.
LDH c nhiu trong tim, gan v c.
Hot LDH huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim, vim c tim, lon nhp tim nng, chn
thng tim hoc phu thut tim.

CK
25 - 220 U/L.
CK c nhiu trong c.
Hot CK huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim, vim c tim, au tht ngc, lon nhp tim
nng, chn thng tim hoc phu thut tim.
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CK-MB
1 - 25 U/L
CK-MB l mt isoenzym ca CK, c nhiu c tim.
Hot CK-MB huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim cp, vim c tim, au tht ngc, lon
nhp tim nng, chn thng tim hoc phu thut tim.
ALT (GPT)
10 - 40 U/L.
Enzym ALT c nhiu trong bo tng ca t bo gan.
Hot ALT huyt tng tng trong bnh l gan mt: vim gan cp, nht l vim gan do virus
cc tp A, B, C, D, E, nhim k sinh trng (sn l gan), nhim c ru, nm c, ng c thc
n.
AST (GOT)
10 - 37 U/L.
Enzym AST c nhiu trong c bo tng v ty th ca cc t bo gan, tim v c.
Hot AST huyt tng tng (>ALT) trong nhi mu c tim.
Hot AST huyt tng tng trong bnh c (lon dng c, vim c, tiu myoglobin) v cc
bnh khc nh vim da, vim tu cp, tn thng rut, nhi mu phi, nhi mu thn, nhi mu
no, ?
ChE
Nam : 4,9-11,5 kU/L.
N: 3,9-10,8 kU/L.
ChE trong huyt tng c tng hp bi gan.
Hot ChE huyt tng gim trong suy gan, x gan (do kh nng tng hp ca gan gim), ng
c ho cht tr su loi phospho hu c hoc carbamat.
GGT (g-GT)
5 - 45 U/L.
GGT c nhiu gan, do cc t bo biu m ng mt bi tit ra.
Hot GGT huyt tng tng khi cc t bo biu m ng mt b cm ng tng tng hp
enzym nh trong tc mt, vim gan do ru, tn thng t bo gan.
GLDH
Nam < 4 U/L.
N < 3 U/L.
GLDH ch c trong ty th ca t bo, c nhiu gan.
Hot GLDH huyt tng tng do tn thng nng cc t bo gan nh vim gan nng, hoi t
t bo gan, thiu oxy m.
IL-6 (Interleukine-6)

< 10 pg/mL.
IL-6 ng vai tr trung gian ch cht trong qu trnh tng hp cc protein pha cp, trong c
CRP, fibrinogen, ?, IL-6 c thi gian bn hu l 2 gi.
Nng IL-6 huyt thanh tng c vai tr trong nh gi mc , tin lng, bin chng ti ch
hoc suy tng ca vim tu cp.
Lipase
Page | 6
7 - 59 U/L.
Lipase c sn xut bi tu, mt t bi d dy, t trng, gan v li.
Hot lipase huyt tng tng c gi tr chn on vim tu cp.
Microalbumin niu
< 20 mg/L nc tiu.
Microalbumin niu c gi tr theo di bin chng thn sm nhng bnh nhn tiu ng, cao
huyt p.
2-Microglobulin
(2-M)
Huyt tng:
0,6 - 3mg/L
Nc tiu:
< 350 g/L
2-Microglobulin c trn b mt hu ht cc t bo.
Nng 2-M huyt tng tng trong suy thn, bnh bch cu lympho mn, bnh Waldenstron,
bnh Kahler, bnh Lupus ban ri rc, x gan, vim gan mn tin trin.
Nng 2-M nc tiu tng trong gim kh nng ti hp thu ca ng thn, nhim c kim loi
nng, vim thn k do ng c thuc, trc cn thi loi mnh ghp cp.
Nghim php Coombs
C trong cc bnh thiu mu, tan mu tr s sinh.
Thiu mu, tan mu t min.
Thiu mu, tan mu do truyn mu, bt ng nhm mu ngi cho v ngi nhn.
ALP
64-306 U/L.
ALP c nhiu gan, xng, nhau thai v biu m rut. V vy, bnh thng, hot ALP huyt
tng cng tng tr ang ln v ph n c thai qu 3 ca thai k.
Hot ALP huyt tng tng trong long xng, ci xng, u xng, gy xng ang hn gn,
vim gan, tc mt, x gan.
Myoglobin
Nam: 28-72 g/L.
N: 25-58 g/L.
Myoglobin l mt protein c trong bo tng ca c tim v c xng. Myoglobin c vai tr vn
chuyn v d tr oxy trong t bo c.
Nng myoglobin tng rt sm (sau 2 gi) trong nhi mu c tim cp, trong nhi mu c tim
ti pht Nng myoglobin huyt tng t cc i 4-12 gi v tr v mc bnh thng
sau 24 gi.

Nng myogolbin tng cng c th xy ra sau tn thng c xng v trong suy thn nng.
-HBDH
72-182 U/L.
V -HBDH c thi gian bn hu (half-life) kh di (4-5 ngy) nn s tng hot isooenzym HBDH huyt tng ko di, iu ny gip chn on nhi mu c tim nhng bnh nhn n Page | 7
khm mun.
TnI
< 0,4mg/ml.
Nng TnI huyt tng tng cao khi tn thng c tim (nhi mu c tim).
TnT
< 0,01 mg/ml.
Nng TnT huyt tng tng cao khi tn thng c tim (nhi mu c tim).
NT-ProBNP
< 50 tui: < 55pmol/L.
50-75 tui <100pmol/L.
>75 tui > 220pmol/L.
Nng NT-ProBNP huyt tng tng vt qu cc gi tr ct tng ng vi cc la tui, c gi
tr trong chn on suy tim, hi chng mch vnh cp (vi gi tr chn on m tnh rt cao, t
97-100%).
in gii
(Natri, Kali, Clo, Calci, Calci ion ho)
Cc ri lon in gii trong bnh thn, tim mch, co git, mt nc? bnh h calci mu.
Fibrinogen
Bnh ri lon ng mu, gan, khp.
Peptid C
0,2-0,6 mmol/L.
Peptid C c to thnh do s thu phn proinsulin thnh insulin, khi t bo ca tu hot ng.
Nng peptid C gim trong trng hp tu hot ng km hoc khng hot ng (i tho
ng typ I).
PCT (Procalcitonin)
< 0,05 ng/ml.
PCT c thi gian bn hu l 24 gi. PCT tng nhanh sau nhim khun 2 gi v t ti a sau 24
gi, sau gim dn nu tnh trng nhim khun c ci thin.
PCT l marker c hiu cho nhim khun v nhim khun huyt.
PCT c th c s dng trong chn on, theo di v tin lng tnh trng nhim khun.