Running head: PROJECT TEXT PART 3: THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

PROJECT TEXT PART 3: The Annotated Bibliography

Andrew Tomasello
University of Texas at El Paso

PROJECT TEXT PART 3: THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fish Farming is an issue that has become an issue across many countries. There are many issues
that have developed specifically with salmon in Canadian fish farms. The benefits of fish
farming hardly outweigh the environmental cost. Some issues even appear in the procedure itself
with fish farming. The effects of fish farming have been known to decrease the population of
wild fish and cause the spread of parasites.
Drews, K. (2013, November 30). B.C. Fish Farms To Continue To Breed Atlantic Salmon,
Despite Controversy. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/11/30/bc-fish-farms-atlantic-salmon-cermaqaquaculture_n_4365263.html
This news article explains how one of the world's largest aquaculture companies continues to
raise the controversial Atlantic salmon on its British Columbia farms. It continues to say how the
company will open up more South American fish farms despite the controversy. The article then
states how the company has had financial losses due to the controversy. The details on what the
issues are with fish farming where then stated. Lastly, the article gives quotes from
environmentalist and from the company as well.
The news article came from the Canadian division of the Huffington post. The issues with fish
farming have been mainly present in Canada. The fish farming industry is very large in the
coastal Canadian areas. A large amount of academic journals that have been published about fish
farming have been related to Canada. The points of view of the people living in these areas is
very important to consider.
I plan to use this article to back up my argument with the points of view of people living in fish
farmed areas. The article contains some explanation on what the issues are with fish farming.

PROJECT TEXT PART 3: THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

This article also helps to show an argument from the companys point of view. I plan to use this
to back up my point on the environmental hazards with fish farming. This article also talks about
the spreading of parasites through fish farming.

FRAZER, L. N. (2009). Sea-Cage Aquaculture, Sea Lice, and Declines of Wild Fish.
Conservation Biology, 23(3), 599-607. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01128.x
The academic article Sea-Cage Aquaculture, Sea Lice, and Declines of Wild Fish by Neil
Frazer discusses some of the issues with the sea-cage method of fish farming. He describes how
using a sea-cage to arm fish allows for the transmission of parasites such as sea lice between
farmed and wild fish. The author then talks about how the transfer of parasites has led to a
decline in wild fish populations. The article then analyzes why the decline happens and what
evidence has proven it. Lastly, the author describes way of preventing declination of wild fish
populations.
This academic article has been peer-reviewed and is five years old. The article was
written by Neil Frazer at The University of Hawaii at Manoa. The University in Hawaii is in an
area where this issue is more relevant than El Paso. The author was affiliated with The
Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at
the University.
The reason I chose this article was to back up my argument which is on the issues with
fish farming. The main issues I want to discuss would be the spread of parasites due to fish
farming. The effects of the spreading of parasites are typically a decline in the wildlife
population and some concerns regarding issues. This article focuses on one of the points in my

PROJECT TEXT PART 3: THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

argument being the declination of wild fish populations. This article also backs up some of the
other articles I have gathered so far.

Garcia, M., Sendra, S., Lloret, G., & Lloret, J. (2011). Monitoring and control sensor system for
fish feeding in marine fish farms. IET Communications, 5(12), 1682-1690.
doi:10.1049/iet-com.2010.0654
In the academic article Monitoring and control sensor system for fish feeding in marine fish
farms. it talks about a specific issue with fish farming. It explains how one of the main issues in
aquaculture is the high cost of the lost food when the fish are fed. It goes on to explain how
letting the food set at the bottom of the area leads to an environmental hazard. The article also
suggests a system for solving the issue of food loss with the farm. The rest of article goes on to
explain how this proposed system works.
This academic article has multiple authors and is peer-reviewed. The study is taken place
in Spain where this issue is fairly relevant. The study was done by multiple people at The
Polytechnic University of Valencia. The study was also assisted by people from The FishingMaritime Polytechnic Institute of the Mediterranean in Alicante, Spain. The article also includes
visual representations of its proposed system.
I chose this article because it included a point that benefited my argument. This article
addressed an issue I wasnt aware of that dealt with fish farming. I plan to include this in my
article to strengthen my report in its main body. The article focuses on environmental hazards

PROJECT TEXT PART 3: THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

and cost-effectiveness of feeding farmed fish. I plan to focus on the environmental hazard of the
feeding of farmed fish.
Marty, G. D., Saksida, S. M., & Quinn II, T. J. (2010). Relationship of farm salmon, sea lice, and
wild salmon populations. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The
United States Of America, 107(52), 22599-22604. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009573108
McVicar, A. H. (2004). Management actions in relation to the controversy about salmon lice
infections in fish farms as a hazard to wild salmonid populations. Aquaculture Research,
35(8), 751-758. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01097.x
Otchere, F. A., Veiga, M. M., Hinton, J. J., Farias, R. A., & Hamaguchi, R. (2004). Transforming
open mining pits into fish farms: Moving towards sustainability. Natural Resources
Forum, 28(3), 216-223. doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2004.00091.x
This academic article explains some of the benefits of adding fish farms in some areas. The
article focuses on putting fish farms in pits that were flooded and previously used for mining.
One of the benefits explained is that doing this may provide a much-needed source of revenue,
employment and, in some cases, food to communities impacted by mine closure. The article goes
on to state that this way of fish farming may be more acceptable for fish farming critics. The
article finishes with issues with this proposed idea.
This academic article was published in 2004 and was peer-reviewed. This article was developed
by 5 Universities such as The University of British Columbia. Four of the universities involved
in this study were Canadian which a country where fish farming issue are present. Some
environmentalist where involved in this report which helps with some concerns that may be

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present. Engineering departments were also involved some concerns with the mines stability may
be disregarded.
The reason I chose this article was to serve as a sort of counterargument. This article shows how
fish farming can be beneficial to some communities. This article also shows how this issue is
mainly relevant in Canada due to environmental issues. This article recognizes fish farming as an
issue. Although this article shows many benefits with this scenario for fish farming there are still
issues.
Rexhepi, A., Sherifi, K., Bytyqi, H., & Behluli, B. (2013). Review: importance of establishing
and running a breeding program in the developing fish farming industry. Albanian
Journal Of Agricultural Science, 12(1), 75-79.
This academic article is focused how fish farming in developing countries can be very beneficial.
The main objective of the article was to highlight the importance of running a breeding program
in fish farming. It goes on to explain how in aquaculture research the main focus has been on
increasing productivity through improvements in management, technology, disease control. The
article also references recent surveys on fish farms in Kosova(a developing country). The article
closes with strategies for improvements and by controlling inbreeding accumulation.
The article was peer-reviewed is very recent being published in 2013. The article was developed
at The University of Prishtina in Veterinary, Kosova. This articles solution is mainly for its own
country. The article was published fairly recently which shows a present issue.
I chose this article because it provides a counterargument. It shows how fish farming is
beneficial in developing countries. The benefits of the fish farm outweigh environmental issues. I

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believe this will help me identify where a fish farm is necessary in my report. Although, I believe
that fish farms should not be relied on that much.
Saksida, S., Constantine, J., Karreman, G. A., & Donald, A. (2007). Evaluation of sea lice
abundance levels on farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) located in the Broughton
Archipelago of British Columbia from 2003 to 2005. Aquaculture Research, 38(3), 219231. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01651.x