LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following
questions completely and thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1.
What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against
their European controllers?
The three factors which motivated the people of Latin America to rebel
included ideas of liberty, equality, and democratic rule.
Haitian Independence
1.
Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders were responsible
for their independence?
The country of France controlled the colony of Haiti and the two leaders
who were responsible were Toussaint LOuverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
2.

Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
The African workers outnumbered their masters greatly and when the
French revolution created a distraction, the oppressed people rose up and revolted
against their French masters. Because of their revolt a leader, LOuverture, was
able to take control over the island and start a revolution.
3.
How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the
rest of Latin America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the
entire document.]
The man who started independence revolution was black and he was also a
former slave who later won his independence in 1804. It was also the earliest
movement for independence.
Viceroyalty of Peru
1.
Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent affected
the movement for independence in Peru.
2.
The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles.
Who were they and explain how they were able to gain it.
Simon Bolivar was the brains behind the movement and he took over the
northern part of Latin America. Also the united Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador
into a bigger country called Gran Colombia. Jose de St. Martin was the muscles

behind the movement and he freed Argentina and this other guy called OHiggins
would free Chile and the southern part of Peru.
3.
What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?
They gave it the name Gran Colombia.
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1.
How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
In others a creole played the leading role but in New Spains movement a Priest was
the leading role and also the Indians and the mestizos played a major role.
2.
The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their
rebellion and its successes/failures.
Father Miguel Hidalgo was an enlightened priest who believed all men should be
free and own land. He called the peasants of Dolaros to rebel against Spain. The
other leader was a priest named Father Jose Morelos who took over after Miguel
died but he was defeated by the army under the leadership of Agustin de Iturbide.
3.
Ironically, a Creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from
Spain. Who was he, and why did favor independence in 1820 when he did not
earlier?
His name was Agustin de Iturbide and he favored independence in 1820
because a revolution in Spain put liberals in charge and he believed that he would
lose his power position in the colony. So he started a revolution to break away so
the liberals wouldnt be in charge of him or his land.
4.
What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent
viceroyalty? What happened to his government?
He declared himself emperor of New Spain and although he ruled for a little
bit the areas beneath Mexico declared independence from Spain to and he was
soon overthrown in Mexico. The new nation was called The United Provinces of
Central America.

Brazil
1.
Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just
prior to independence?
Because of Napoleon invading Portugal the royal family, boarded ships to
escape capture and sailed to their largest colony, Brazil. The Portuguese ran their
empire from Brazil for 14 years which meant that Brazil was still under Portuguese
rule. After Napoleon's defeat they returned home except for Dom Pedro who later
agreed to a petition to make Brazil its own independent country.
2.
How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony
than those of the Spanish colonies?
The independence movement was non-violent, had no widespread bloodshed,
and a Portuguese family member actually had a key part in helping them achieve
independence. Also, the people of Brazil signed a petition stated that they wanted
to be independent and not a colony to which King John agreed.