:


34B

5 ......... ................................ ................................

35B

7 ................... ................................ ................................

36B

9 .............................. ................................
37B

11 ............................ ................................
38B

13 .............................. ................................ air virtual scoop

39B

)( 14...... ................................ ................................

40B

16 ........................... ................................ ................................

41B

17..................... ................................ ................................

42B

18 ............................. ................................ ................................

43B

19 ............................. ................................


. :




.
.

.
Stall .
.
Principle of Equal Transit Times
.
.
.

.
.
. 800000
.
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5

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Stall
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downwash.

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7


.

. Cessna 172
1045 . 220
5 Km/h 18
.
. ton/s5 Cessna 172
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.
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10


conventional , symmetric , :

conventional in inverted flight , the early biplane wings , barn

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.
.
.
747
.
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.
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.
8 5 .
.


.
.
11

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. critical angle of attack .

.

12

 air virtual scoop

.
virtual scoop .

. ) chord
( .
.

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virtual scoop .
.
.
virtual scoop
.

.

13

air virtual scoop

 )(

. .
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m v
mv22/1
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" "induced . ""parasite

14

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induced
parasite parasite
.

15



. induced
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parasite .
induced .
parasite
parasite .

16


stall

. .
2 2 .
induced
2 . induced 4 . induced
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.
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critical angle
. stall
. stall
stall .
.

17


.
.
.
.

18


.
.
. .
.
.
. .
. .
.
.

19

20