1 tdk;a0 *sme,f

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

2 tdk;a0 *sme,f

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

3 tdk;a0 *sme,f

rmwdum

4? Akdvfatmifausmf ewfoH rif;ok0Pf

5? uGe, f uf0Od mOf atmifaeoD
6? t,f'Dwmh toH t,f'Dwm
7? AkdvfatmifausmfpmrsufESmrsm;
8? AkdvfaatmifausmftxÅKyÜwÅd
9? 'DZifbm(20)&ufwrf;csif; ... armifav;atmif
11? vli,f ukdatmifausmf
13? a'gufwmvSa&TtxÅKyÜwÅd
14? tmPmodrf;ppfwyfESifh ausmif;om; armifMunfaqG('*kH)
19? 2010 a&G;aumufyGJeJY ausmif;om;xk&JU&yfwnfrI rkd;vQH
21? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;rSonf trsdK;om;zufqpf ... orkid ;f &Sif
25? Ekid if aH &;owÅ0gwaumif Aef;armfwifatmif
32? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrS vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIokdY armifjrwfom
34? rdbjynfol ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;okdY jyefMum;csuf

2
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf
4 tdk;a0 *sme,f

tzGiu
hf Asm

Adkvfatmifausmf ewfoH

aemif0,faomcg
pmtkyfu,frS uavmifav - - ighrd? ighb uRefb0udk
odyÜHtaygif;? 0duúmatmif;onfh jrif&ravsmf? pdwfraysmfí
ausmif;rsm;acgifu &Jabmftrsm;? opömtm;ESifh
Adkvfatmifi,frS rnfwifh MudK;pm&mwGif? Mur®mighuH/
ausmfwqifhESifh? rif;rifhaemifnD/ wvlb Y 0?½IrvSatmif
ig - - Zmenfudk? vmNyDBudKMu/ ighudk,fcHí? &efolvufeuf
oajyyef;ESifh a&csrf;aqmifum qHwdkqHawmif;? bmraqmif;onhf
atmifpnfpavmh/ ighacgif;xufrSm? qufumqufum
ESri,f jzLjzL? 0if;0if;vQHawmuf? rl;armfaemufatmif
ynmpD;yGm;? pGrf;tiftm;ESifh usa&mufvmaomf ighrSmrcsd
tifvsm;olwkdY bk&m;u,fyg? atmfjrnfygvnf;
igrltp? a½S;b0u uGmowdESifh? igrd&ifcGif
ESrwdEYk ,
S f þajrjyifwGif? igvQifvJí
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;? [kdonfoGm;vdkY atmifyGJcHonf? EkdifiHomaMumif;
Mum;cJhw,f/ / igqkawmif;rnf aomif;odef;oef;ausmf
wdkY&JabmfwdkY / /

rif;ok0Pf

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

5 tdk;a0 *sme,f

tzGiu
hf Asm

uGef,uf0dnOf

'Dajrom;ay:rSm rdpämn&JU tcif;tusif;rSm

bmtyif bmyef;rSpdkufysdK;r& obm0 o,HZmw
umv &SnfBumvSaygh/ &if;jrpfrSeforSs avmifjrdKuf
tarSmifwdkufudkxGef;nSd vSnfUpm;
BuKd ;wif;wif;eJUwD;cwfxm;wJh ydk;zvHrsm; zGJzGJtHkusif;
cg;&SoHjydKifaw;oGm;u olawmfcsif; owif;avGUavGU &SdaeBuqJumv/
yvTm; rmefarmuf azmufpl;
tJ'D… n…arSmifedkiforSs arSmifvTrf;ap
bDv;l acgif;eJU ajrjyif aumif;uif Bu,fpif
ausmif;awmfu&efpjzpfcJh 0dnOfrsS irf sm;&uf&, S f
jrpfwjrpf&JU a&om avnmrSm wG,zf UJG aygif;pnf;aeao;orSs
raeedkif&SmaomiSufrsm; tvSyqH;k atmifyaJG w;oH
jrm;wef;vef;eJUysoH ef;aeqJumv/ (waeUrSm)
vGifhysHjcdrfhjcdrfh Bum;&ayvdrfhr,f/ /

atmifaeoD

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

6 tdk;a0 *sme,f

t,f'Dwmh toH
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]]olykef olykef x x}}
]]ta&;awmfykH atmifygap}}
1938 ckESpf wwd,ausmif;om;oydwfumv? vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJtwGuf
b0*fnHcJhonfh ausmif;om;? tvkyform;? v,form; jynfolw&yfvkH;\ aMuG;aMumfoH
rsm;jzpfonf/ wwd,ausmif;om; oydwfukd acgif;aqmifcJhol wOD;jzpfonfh Arm EdkifiH
vkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (1938) 'kwd,OuúX ukdvSa&Tu oydwfwyfBuD;ukd
rdefYcGef;ajym&mrSm —
]],cktcg wkdif;jynfwckvHk;rSm epfemí vGwfvyfrI r½Sdonhftjyif pm;rI? aerI?
xkdifrI? oGm;rI? vmrIwdkYüvnf; usD;vefYpmpm;&ouJhodkY jzpfaevQif rnfonfhEkdifiHrqdk
ausmif;om;rsm; EkdifiHa&;xJokdY0ifa&muf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;? xdkYtwl rdrdwdkYvnf;
rvGJra½Smifom 0ifa&mufMu&jcif; jzpfaMumif;}}
a[majymcJhayonf/
Armjynforkid ;f \ txl;jcm;qk;H tcsuw f csurf mS acwfumvwkid ;f wGif ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;rsm;onf ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;pOfwavQmuf ta&;BuD;onfh
tpdwftykdif;wcktjzpf yg0ifaejcif;yif jzpfonf/ xkdtpOftvmonf ,aeYtxd
rysuaf o;/
ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIorkikd ;f wGif ausmif;om;xktusKd ; jynfov l x l t k usKd ;twGuf
yxrqk;H toufay;cJ&h onfh Akv d af tmifausmrf oS nf ,aeYtxd ausmif;ol ausmif;om;
rsm;\ toufaoG;acR;wkdY ay;qyfí rqkH;Ekdifao;/
Akv
d af tmifausmf qkad om ausmif;om;onf rw&m;rIudk enf;enf;av;rQ ikrH cHo?l
zdESdyfrIukd qefYusifol? jynfolYtusdK;? ausmif;om;xktusdK;ukd OD;xdyfxm;ol/ xkd
pdwf"gwfrsdK;ukd Akdvfatmifausmf pdwf"gwf[k ac:Muonf/
ausmif ; om;acgif ; aqmif Ak d v f a tmif a usmf p d w f " gwf o m&S d v Qif ,aeY
jynfolw&yfvkH;ukd zdESdyfaeaom ppftmPm&Sifpepfukd jywfjywfom;om; qefYusifrnf
rSmvnf; taotcsm? ppfzGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya'(2008)ukd qefYusifrnfrSmvnf;
taotcsm? ppftmPm&Sif 2010 a&G;aumufyGJukd qefYusifrnfrSmvnf; taotcsm/
Akdvfatmifausmf pdwf"gwfqkdonfrSm awGa0aeonf r[kwf/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

7 tdk;a0 *sme,f

Akv
d af tmifausmf usq;Hk jcif;

(71) ESpjf ynfh

'DZifbmv (20) &uf / 2009 ckEpS /f

tkypf ;dk olw\

Ydk tMurf;zufzEd ydS rf aI Mumifh

1938 ckEpS f wwd,ausmif;om;oydww

f u
dk yf t
JG wGi;f

ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIorkid ;f wGif yxrqk;H usq;Hk cJ&h onfh

ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\

ausmif;om;tmZmenf ukad tmifausmf

uG,v
f eG jf cif; (71) ESpjf ynfh

trSww
f &pmrsuEf mS rsm;

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

8 tdk;a0 *sme,f
txÅKyw
Ü dÅ

ukad tmifausmf
(ausmif;om;tmZmenf? 1938/)

1915 ckeSpf? 'DZifbmv (27) &ufaeY rSm tz

OD;ausmfxif eSifh trd a':a½Tausmh wkdYrS t*Fyl NrdKUe,f? ½Hk;
Zif½mG wGif zGm;jrifco hJ nf/ tv,fwef;ynmudk r,fZvDuek ;f
trsd K ;om;ausmif ; rS atmif j rif c J h N yD ; ? txuf w ef ; ud k
[oF m wNrd K Uü oif M um;wwf a jrmuf c J h o nf / xd k Y a emuf
*syfqifaumvdyfwGif Oypmwef; qufvuf wufa&muf
cJhonf/
udak tmifausmo f nf jrefrmpmayukd tvGef wefz;kd
xm;NyD;? jrefrmpm ta&;tom;vnf; tvGefaumif;rGef
aMumif; vlodrsm;cJholjzpfonf/ pdwf"gwfjyif;xefNyD;? trsdK;
om;a&;vnf; olrwlatmif edK;Mum;oljzpfonfhtwGuf
rdrd\pmaytpGrf; eSifh trsdK;om;a&;vSKHUaqmfrSKrsm;wGif
a½SUwef;uyg0ifcahJ omaMumifh wuúov kd af usmif;om; or*¾
wGio f mru? ArmedKiif v H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;or*¾wiG f vnf;
tvkyftrSKaqmiftjzpf a½G;cs,fwifajrSmufjcif; cHcJh&
ygonf/ ckHzdeyfpD;um yifeDwdkufyHkudk0wfNyD; uwkH;qHaxmuf
eSifh udkatmifausmfonf ausmif;wGif ='dkYArm+ tbd"r®mukd
tNrJajymavh&Sdonf/
1938 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwiG f wwd,
oydww f u
dk yf üJG e,fcsUJ jrif;pD;ykvyd w f \
Ydk &ku d Ef ydS cf cH &hJ Ny;D ? 'DZif
bmv (22) &ufaeYwGif &kdufESdyfcH&onfh OD;acgif; 'Pf&m
aMumifh aq;½kHü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
ukdatmifausmf aoqkH;cJhNyD;aemuf 0rf;enf;jcif;
txdr;f trSwt f jzpf wEkid if vH ;Hk tpnf;ta0;rsm; usi;f yum
jynf o l r sm;\ axmuf c H r I j zif h uk d a tmif a usmf psmye
aumfrwDu =aersdK;oD[ol& Akdvfatmifausmf+ [laom
bGJYjzifh *kPfjyKcJhMuygonf/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

9 tdk;a0 *sme,f

trSwfw& uAsm
'D Zif bm 20 &uf wrf; csif;
odkY r [kwf
&J abmf &J h u Asm
wif;wif;udu k xf m;wJh
b,folawG &SdOD;rvJ
igh&J hESKwfcrf;[m
&Jabmf rkef;cJhwJh olawGaygh
jAef;ueJux GJ uG f
oif;wdk h trkef;udk
aoG;tpufpuf pD;vdrfhvmw,f/
&Jabmfu pdrf;um;wJhtNyKH;eJ h
NyHK;rSmyJ ,Hkw,f/
igtHBudwfNyD;
vufo;D udwk if;wif;qkyrf w
d ,f/
pyg;wmuyf(pf) &J h*kPfa&mif
uke;f abmifoyl ek f
Adkvfatmifusmf
*VKeq f &mpH
&Jabmf[m
ik,ifAefx&GKid ;f
'Dae&mrSm usqHk;oGm;cJhw,f/
twdik ;f rodaom
acsa*GAm;&m; paom
uwå&m vrf;udkcGm
tmZmenf axmifaomif;wdk heJ htwl
&mZ0if&kyfa&; t&
&Jabmf[m eD&J0if;vufcJhw,f/
olawoevky&f if
w&m;wJh jynfolawG&J hwdkufyJGrSm
&Jabmf&J h
&Jabmf&J haoG;[m eD&JcJhw,f/
eDjref;wJh *kPfyk'fudk awG h&r,f/
jynfolcspfwJh
b,folawG jiif;EdkifrvJ
tmZmenftESpf[m
pD;qif;cJhwJh &Jabmf&J haoG;awGtaMumif;/
b,facwfrmS rqdk
EkysKd pdrf;vef;aerSmyJ/
oif;wdw
Yk awGu
rkcs,w kH ,f/
&Jabmf&J h *kPftxl;xl;udk
azmfusL;zdk h jiif;qefMuw,f/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

10 tdk;a0 *sme,f

trSwfw& uAsm

Adkvfatmifausmf &Jabmf
'Dae&mrSm wdk h[m
pm&GufawG twlwla0cJhzl;w,f/ vufcHyg&Jabmf
atmf[pfNyD; igyefMum;w,f/
Adkvfatmifausmf &Jabmf
wdk h[m 'Dae&mrSm jyefjiif;yg&ap
&Jabmfudk tBudrfBudrf *kPfjyKcJhzl;w,f/ 'DuAsm[m igh&J huAsmr[kwfbl;/

&Jabmf&J h tcef;qufwdkufyJG zwfMunfph rf;av

&Jabmf&J h w&m;wJhwdkufyJGawGtaMumif; pD;qif;cJw
h ahJ oG;pufawG&,f
'Dae&mudkvmNyD; b,fol haoG;vJ
&Jabmf&J h pD;qif;cJhwJh &Jabmf&J hylaEG;wJhaoG;
eD&JwJh aoG;pufawGay:rSm rcrf;ajcmufwJhaoG;awG/
igh&J hjzLa,mfaewJh rsuf&nfeJ h
ol&owådrJhwJh &SKdufoHeJ h tdk h h h h &Jabmf&J h aoG;tpufpufeJ h
&Jabmf&J h *kPftcef;cef;udk &J&v
J ufvuf
npfEGrf;atmif igrvkyfbl;/ oD,Sufxm;wJh
&Jabmf&J h uAsmygvm;/ /
uAsmwyk'f
[kwfw,f igh&J huAsmwyk'f armifav;atmif
&Jabmf&J h*kPfyk'fudk azmfxkwfzdk h
BuKd;pm;wJhuAsmwyk'f/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

11
trSwfw& pm
vl i,f
þaeYum; jrefrmjynf uReo f uf (53) ESpf
wif;wif;jynfah om aeYaywnf;/ tcsed u f m; (9)
em&DcefY ½Sad yrnf/ rd;k um; wzGzJ EJG iS hf ½Gmvsu½f \dS /
touf (16) ESpcf ef½Y adS om vli,f wa,muf
onf taqmif;vnf;ryg? rd;k ½Gmonf udv k nf;
*½kpudk [ f efrwl? wa,mufwnf; cyfjznf;jznf;
yif or*¾½Hk;odkY a&mufvmayNyD/ wHcg;0odkY
a&mufaomtcgaemufodkYwcsufiJhí Munfh
vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf cHkbdeyfudk cRwfvkduf\/
ukwt f usu Ð kd puúet Yf enf;i,frQ pku d Mf unfah e\/
Munf h & if ; rsuf E S m ü oabm rusaom
tjcif;t&mwdkY ay:vm\/ csufjcif;tusÐudk
cRwv f suf ab;odcYk svu kd \
f / xkaYd emuf toif;
½Hk;a½SUjrufcif;ay:odkY qif;oGm;av\/ a'gif;
tvHBuD;u rdk;a&xJwGif wkdifw0ufü wnf
vsu½f \ dS / ajcudpk &kH yfí acgif;iHUk vsuf (2) rdepf
cefY tvHukd t½kt d aoay;ae\/ rd;k aygufwu Ydk
ol\acgif;ay:odkY usvsuf½Sd\/ a'gif;tvHudk
wcsuf r Qarmf M unf h N yD ; aemuf toif ; ½H k ; xJ
okdY0ifum cRwfxm;aom tusÐESifhbdeyfudk
0wfvsuf tay:xyfodkY wufoGm;av\/
wzufcef;üum; b,folrQr½Sday? vli,f
onf tcef ; xJ o d k Y 0 if u m [k d [ k d o nf o nf
avQmufíMunfhav\/ vli,f\ rsufvHk;wkdY
onf tvif;owif;pmqDokdY a&mufoGm;\/
rsufvHk;ESifh twlwlygoGm;NyD;vQif owif;
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf
tdk;a0 *sme,f
pmudk,lvsuf ukvm;xkdif wvHk;wGif0ifí
xkid vf u kd \f / pm½Guwf ½GuNf y;D w½Guaf vQmufí
vSev f m&m tv,fem;odYk a&mufívmawmh\/
pm&Guu f tjcm;pm&Gurf sm;ESirhf wl? pmvk;H wku Yd
tpdrf;a&mifwkdYjzifh ESdyfxm;ukefav\/ vli,f
\vufonf &yfíoGm;av\/ rsuv f ;kH wdUk onf
pmudkpl;pkdufí aeMuawmh\/ wcef;vHk;um;
wdwv f su½f \ dS / olum; pmrsuEf mS av;rsuEf mS
cefY zwfNy;D onfah emufwiG f ukvm; xkid af y:wGif
acgif;udkiJhí rvIyfr,Suf aeawmhav\/
tcef ; ab;½S d trI a qmif a [mif ; rsm;\
yH k w d k Y o nf ol Y t m;pk d u f M unf h v suf ½ S d \ /
rsufawmifum; tenf;i,frQ rcwf? a½SUwGif
½Sdaom owif;pmukd 0g;pm;rwwfpkdufí Munfh
aeav\/ Munf h & if ; Munf h & if ; rsuf E S m rS m
ajymif;í vmawmh\/ wjznf;jznf; a'go
a&mifvrT ;f í vmawmh\/ rsuv f ;kH onf us,í f
us,fí vmawmh\/ vlvnf;a½SUodkY udkif;í
vmay\/ xdkYaemuf =awmuf+ [k cyfjyif;
jyif;acgufcg ae&mrSxvdkuf\/ xNyD;aemuf
ab;ywfvnfudk Munfhvdkuf\/ trsKd;om;
aeYwGif udkif&ef? avQmuf&ef pmwrf;rsm;rSm
tkwfrsm;ESifhuyfvsuf eH&HwGif axmifí xm;
ayonf/ pmwrf;wckonf olYtm;a½S;OD;pGm
qD;í EIwfqufavonf/ vlum;awGvnf;
½Sday\/ e*kdu a'goa&mif vTrf;aom
12
trSwfw& pm
rsuf E S m onf yd k í wif ; rmvmay\/
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owif;pm bufodkY wzefjyefí a&mufvmjyef
onf/ owif;pmxJ½Sd "gwfyHkwdkYonf ol\
a½SUwGif rvIyfr,Suf wnfvsuf½Sd ae\/
rsuf v H k ; xJ r S rsuf & nf w k d Y o nf rsuf a wmif
ESpcf sutf cwfü owif;pmay:odYk usum "gwfykH
rsm;ukd oGm;íuefawmhMuav\/ acgif; onf
wzefjyefí axmifvmjyef\/ rsufvHk; wdkYum;
ae&majymif;í usufpm;aeMujyef av\/
vlwudk,fvHk; acgif;ESifh rsufvHk;rsm;om vIyf
vsu½f adS y\/
=onf;nnf;cHvQif olUuRefjzpf+
[laompmwrf;onf ol\rsufvHk;udkqD;í
{nfhcHjyef\/ vli,f\pdwfESifhpmwrf;onf
oabmcsif; wkduf[efwl\/ rsufvHk;wdkYonf
ydkrdkípl;pkdufvm\/ rsufESmrSmydkrdkí cufxef
vmay\/ tHoGm;wkdYudk uGJoGm; rwwfBudwf
vdkuf\/ uspfuspf ygatmif qkwfxm;aom
vufrSm txufodkY tenf; i,fajrmufvm\/
rsuaf phum; ... owif; pmodYk vnfjyefav\/
ra½S;raESmif;yif =[if;+ [k oufr udck s
vdu k \f / owif;pmxJ½"dS gwfyw kH rYkd mS ,cif twdik ;f
yif½adS o;\/ pmrsm;um; vli,f \ pdwEf iS hf trl
t&mudkodMu[efrwl? þtBudrf acgif;vSnfh
vkdufaomtcg =aMumufarG;yg Zm*emeJUElwf+
[laom pmwrf;qDoYkd rsurf eS ;f wrf;í oGm; av
\/ oli,frsufESmonf tenf;i,f NyHK;a,mif
a,mif&SdvmNyD;aemuf rsufaphudk ae&ma&TU
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf
tdk;a0 *sme,f
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tp½Sdojzifh a&;xm;onfh pmwrf;BuD;tm;
aygufíoGm;rwwf pku d í f Munfah ejyefav\/
olYrsufESmonf arSmifrJívmum vlvnf;
tenf;i,f wkev f may\/ rsuEf mS um; bDv;l 0if
ouJhodkU xif&\/ wzef owif;pmudk pl;pkduf
Munfhaejyefav\/ MunfhavMunfhav ydkí
aMumufp&m aumif;vmayawmh\/ ra½S;
raESmif;yif ='H;k + [k pm;yGu J v
kd ufo;D ESihf xkvsuf
=½kdif;vkdufavuGm+ [kqkdum tcef;wGif;rS
½kwfw&uf xGufoGm;awmh\/ tcef;wGif;um;
ydrk w
kd wd q
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f suf use&f pfav\/ pmtkyrf sm;rSm
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wnfjrJ wnfvsuf aeay\/
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13 tdk;a0 *sme,f
txÅKyw
Ü dÅ

a'gufwmvSa½T
(ausmif;om;or*¾acgif;aqmif? 1936-1940)

ysOf;rem;NrKdUü 1276 ck? e,kefvjynfhausmf

(12) &ufaeYwGif zGm;jrifí zsmyHkNrKdUwGif BuD;jyif;cJh&\/
1931 ck E S p f w G i f &ef u k e f w uú o d k v f ü pwif y nm
oifMum;í aq;twwfynmudk qufvuf oif,l cJo h nf/
1936-37 ckEpS w f iG f wuo twGi;f a&;rSL;? 1938-39
ckwiG f wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcí hJ
1939-40 ckwGif wuo Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufjcif;cH&onf/
1938-1939 ckEpS f 1300 jynft h a&; awmfykH
Bu;D wGif or*¾Ouú| udAk [de;f zrf;cH&Ny;D aemuf udv k aS ½T
onf ta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk qufvufacgif;aqmifum
wduk yf 0GJ ifco
hJ nf/ 1300 jynft h a&;awmfyu kH kd qufvuf
acgif ; aqmif & if ; tzrf ; cH c J h & onf / 1300jynf h
ta&;awmfwiG f oydww f yfBu;D ukd tjynft h 0OD;aqmifrI
ay;EkdifcJhonfhtwGuf tmPm½SifvSa½T[k ausmfMum;
cJo
h nf/
udkvSa½Tonf q&m0efbJGUudk 1940-41 ckESpf
wGif qGwfcl;NyD;aemuf? aq;ynmjzifh toufarG;um
at;csr;f pGmaecJo h nf/ 'kw, d urÇmppfBu;D tNy;D aq; ynm
qufvufqnf;yl;&ef t*FvefEikd if o H tYkd oGm; 1947 ckEpS f
Mo*k w f v (23) &uf a eY w G i f yg½S e f ; yif v ,f a uG Y ?
bm&de;f uRe;f teD;wGif av,mOfysuu f sí uG,v f eG cf o
hJ nf/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

14 tdk;a0 *sme,f
armifMunfaqG

tmPmodr;f ppfwyf
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ESihf ausmif;om;
uReaf wmfwaYkd usmif;om;awG[m rdrw d Ykd qH;k tmPmvk,v l u
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f hJ ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;awG? trsKd ; wdYk ausmif;om;awG[m 'Dru kd a&pDpepf trdjrefrm
om;*kPfodu©mawGtwGuf wdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdk Ekid if rH mS ajymif;vJxeG ;f um;zkYd toufawG? b0awG
cJhwm[m [dk;udkvdkeDvufxuf uwnf;u jzpfyg ay; BuKd pm;vkyaf qmifaecJMh uwm tckq&kd if tESpf
w,f/ t*Fvyd u f v
kd edk D vufatmuf uReyf nma&; (51) jynfhcJhygNyD/ tJh'DvkdbJ pepfqdk;BuD;udk jyKjyif
pepf zsufodrf;ay;zkdYupvkdY vGwfvyfNyD; tcsKyf ajymif;vJzkdY BudK;pm;cJhMuwJh &[ef; &Sifvl jynfol
tjcmtmPm&SdwJh EdkifiHjzpfvmwJhtxd ausmif; ausmif;om;awGukd owfjzwfzrf;qD; zdEydS zf Ydk ppfwyf
om;awG[m ay;qyfrIaygif; rsm;pGmeJY tqifhqifh u wwd,tBudrf tmPmodrf;cJhwmvnf; 'DaeY
wdu k yf 0JG if awmif;qdck hJ Muygw,f/ 'gaMumifv h nf; qdk&if tESpf (21) ausmfygNyD/
tkycf sKycf H b0uae vGwv f yfwhJ Ekid if jH zpfvm&wm uRef a wmf w k d Y a usmif ; om;awG [ m
awG[m orkid ;f oufaoawGbrJ [kwv f m;? trsKd ; tmPm&Sifppftpdk;&udk rvkdvm;bl;qkdwm 58
om;aeY? vGwfvyfa&;aeY qdkwmawG[m ausmif; ckEpS u f OD;Ek'rD u kd a&pDtpd;k &udk Adv k af e0if; acgif;
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ajymcsiw f mu ausmif;om;awG[m [k;d udv k ekd cD wf ovkd? (62) tmPmodrf;wkef;u aemifawmf
uwnf;upvkdY wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;&cJhNyD;wJh ausmif;om;Bu;D awG 'DppftmPm odr;f wJv h yk &f yfeYJ
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&if;Ny;D awmh tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f BuKd ;yrf;cJMh uw,fvYdk BuD;u oufaobJav/ 88 tmPmodrf;wkef;
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wdkif;jynftwGuf raumif;wJhtusifh qd k ; ud k r,f q d k & if Ek d i f i H w Ek d i f i H r S m vH k ; 0r&S d o if h w J h
pwif u sif h o H k ; vmcJ h M uygw,f / tJ h ' D awmh tvGefqdk;0g;wJh vkyf&yfbJ/ tckvkd uRefawmf
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jyefawmhbl;/ wdkif;jynfaumif;pm;zkdY qufNyD; w,fqw kd hJ tpOftvmjzpfaewmudk uReaf wmf wkYd
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

15 tdk;a0 *sme,f
ausmif;om;xku 'DaeYxd vHk;0 vufr cHcJhbl;/ ,k w f u sqif ; aewJ h jref r mjynf B uD ; ud k jyKjyif
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ppftmPm&SifawG awmufavQmuf toufawG? b0awG? wefzdk;t&SdqHk; tcsdefawG
oHk;cJhwJh wkdif;jynfacsmufxJ uscgeD;vufwvHk; [m 'DppftmPm&SifawGaMumifh axmifxJrSm
tvdrk mS ppfwyfu u,fwifvu dk &f ygw,f qdk wJh 0rf;enf;aMuuGJp&m ukefqHk;aecJhMu&ygw,f/
vd r f n m0g’ j zef Y p um;awG u d k uRef a wmf w k d Y ausmif ; om;aoG ; eJ Y ajcaq;NyD ;
ausmif ; om;awG u t,H k t Munf r &S d ? vH k ; 0 tmPmodrf;cJhwJh OD;ae0if; vufxuf uwnf;
vufrcHygbl;/ 'gaMumifv h nf; tmPm&Sif awGu u edrfhusvmwJh ynma&; tqifhtwef;[m
ol w k d Y u d k awmuf a vQmuf vuf r cH b J e0w? tcketzvufxufrmS tqd;k qH;k tqifh xdukd
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zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf? ESpf&Snf axmif'PfcsrSwfwm ynma&;pepf? ydkufqHay;&if atmifwJh twef;
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

16 tdk;a0 *sme,f
Ncd r f ; acsmuf wuf c k d i f ; NyD ; oabm rwl b J tajctaeawGaMumifh xrif; yHkrSef pm;EkdifzkdY
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17 tdk;a0 *sme,f
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

23 tdk;a0 *sme,f
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

25 tdk;a0 *sme,f
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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ausmjf rifw h oYkd m;tzonf? tdr&f iS rf Bu;D w&m; rsm;pGm&&Su d m Xif;wko Yd m;tztm; us,jf yefY
\ qlylrIudk rcHEkdifMuaomfvnf; Xif;wkdY ,HkMunf aom 'Dru dk a&pD tcGit hf a&;rsm; ay;tyfvmvdrhf
vsuf&Sdaeaom vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkifEkdifbdkY rnf[k ausmfjrihfu wGufcsuf xm;ayonf/
twGuu f ydí k ta&;Bu;D ojzifh xdt k arBu;D qlyo l wu,fqakd wmh 'Dru kd a&pD tcGit hf a&;qdo k nfrmS
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aomufjcif; jyKvsuf&SdMuonf/ tm;jzifo h m qlqyl yl El iS hf ESicf srrI sm;rS oufomcGihf
þuJhodkY ausmfjrifhwdkY om;tz rsufESm &&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfoavm/
ajymifajymifESifh Xif;\vkyfpmudk tcefYom;pm; 4if;\ a':av;tdrfodkY ausmfjrihfonf
aomufum? Xif;\ tvkyt f udik uf kd bmwckrS 0if aeYwkdif; \vkdvkdoGm;a&mufum? Xif;zciftm;
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf
28 tdk;a0 *sme,f
'l ; axmuf u m tnh H c H v k d u f y gu jzpfvmcJhonf/ wvrS- ESpfv? ESpfvrS oHk;v
xdktr,fBuD; onf ,cifuxufydkrkdí aomif; twG i f ; od k Y 0 if v maomtcg? ausmf j rif h o nf
usef;vmvdrfhrnf r[kwfoavm/ xdkumvü Xif;\zciftwGuf wpwp pdk;&drfovkdjzpfvm&
rd r d w d k Y o m;tz ES p f a,muf pvH k ; &yf w nf onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xkdtzdk;BuD;wGif
aeMuvdrfh rnfvnf; r[kwfoavm/ a&&Snw f u
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taru uRefawmhudk cgwdkif;vdkrqlawmhbl;As? onf/ ausmjf rihf a&SUwGio f m avvH;k rd;k vH;k xGm;ae
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rvm;[if}} BuD;uvnf; Xif;\ enf;y&d,m,fjzifh wqdwfw
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aqG ; aEG ; um Xif ; wk d Y \ wG u f c suf x m;cJ h o nf h &avonf/
a&&S n f w d k u f y G J u d k pnf ; 0g; twd k i f ; ausmf j rih f w k d Y tzd;k Bu;D uawmh Xif;\
udkufcJhMuonf/ om;tzESifh xdk tr,f xH;k pHtwdik ;f ]]igh r,m;taMumif;
Edik if aH &;orm;wydik ;f jzpf MuD;wdkY\ wkdufyGJonf rif;xufigem;vnfygw,fuGm}}
aeaom ausmf j rif h wG u f c suf a & & S n f w k d u f y G J j z p f [k tay:pD;,lumí jyefajym
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om;tzESifh xdktr,fMuD;wdkY\ tzd;k Bu;D \ tajctae aumif;pGm
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf
29 tdk;a0 *sme,f
ausmf j rif h o nf aumif ; pG m od & S d xdu k ohJ Ykd aqG;aEG;yGx
J ikd u
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tzGm;BuD; tdrfESifh rvSrf;rurf; todtdrf rsm;odkY wGuf ausmfjrihfonf &ifav; vsu&f dS onf/ od&Yk m
vma&mufum avuef aewwf aomaMumifh wGif &efuek o f dkY roGm;íum; rjzpfao;acs/ xdkodkY
jzpfav onf/ xdak Mumifh xdt k zd;k Mu;D pdw"f gwfrus oGm; jyefuvnf; aemufydkif;twGuf pdwfr
&atmif [k tzGm;Bu;D xH vdv k m;csuf jynfjh ynf0h 0 at;p&m taMumif;w&yfum; &Sad ejyefavonf/
r&&SdbJ vufeufrcsvdkuf&eftwGuf ausmfjrifh ES p f c k a om tvk y f u d k ES p f c k a om
onf waeY ESpfMudrfavmuf tzdk;BuD;&Sd&modkY XmewGif tb,fvpl rG ;f aumif;onf wcsed w f nf;?
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avmufuav;udk tazuawmifhcH xm;vkduf&if aom jyóemrSm tvkyfESpfckudk wae&mpDwGif
uRefawmfwdkY vdkvm;csufawG tm;vHk; taru wcsdefwnf; wNydKifwnf; vkyfEkdifrSomvQif
ay;awmhrSmyg}} ausmfjrifhu 4if;\ tzdk; BuD;tm; pdwfcsEdkifbG,f&m &SdouJhodkY jzpfaeavonf/
pdwf"gwf wufvmatmif qGJaqmif&avonf/ yxrjyóemrSm tdraf y:rS ESicf sxm;aom tzGm;
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30 tdk;a0 *sme,f
BuD;qDodkY wacguf xyfrHí oGm;& ojzifh xdktoHvm&modkY jyefvSnfhí Munfhvkduf&
ao;onf/ tzd;k Bu;D udk 'DwyGw J iG f tawmifEh idk q f ;kH onf/ ausmjf rift h m;xdu k o hJ Ykd atmf[pf ajymqko d l
awmifhcH bdkYtwGuf trsdK;rsdK; awmif;yefjcif;? rSm Xif;\ &if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif;wa,mufjzpf
tm;ay;jcif; rsm; jyKcJh&ao;onf/ onft h jyif? Xif;\ twGi;f a&; rsm;udyk g odaeol
]]rif;oGm;rSmom pdwfcsvufcsoGm;yg wOD;vnf; jzpfavonf/
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udo k m vkycf yhJ g}} tzd;k Bu;D u xdu k ohJ Ykd ajymqdv k w T f ausmf j rif h u tvef Y w Mum;jyef a tmf í ar;
vku d o f jzifh ausmjf rifo h nf pdwo f ufom&m&&Su d m vku d rf o d nf/
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32 tdk;a0 *sme,f
armifjrwfom

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI rS
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