RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS

GRIDS
INVENTED BY DR. GUSTAV
BUCKY

GRIDS
DEVICES THAT REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF SCATTERED
RADIATION REACHING THE
IMAGE RECEPTOR

GRIDS DO NOT REDUCE

THE AMOUNT OF SCATTER
RADIATION REACHING THE
IMAGING PERSONNEL

GRIDS DO INCREASE
RADIATION EXPOSURE OF
PATIENTS

FACTORS AFFECTING SCATTER

PRODUCTION WITHIN THE
PATIENT

KILOVOLTAGE
BEAM SIZE
THICKNESS OF IRRADIATED TISSUE
COMPOSITION OF IRRADIATED TISSUE
Z# OF IRRADIATED TISSUE

GRIDS STRIPS ARE

MADE OF LEAD (Pb)
LEAD HAS
Z#
AND ABSORBS SCATTER
RADIATION THROUGH ______
PHOTOELECTRIC
INTERACTION

LEAD

GRIDS

CONS
HIGHER PATIENT
DOSE

PROS
HIGHER CONTRAST
INCREASED
VISIBILITY OF
DETAIL (CONTRAST
RESOLUTION)

GRID RADIOGRAPHY IS
RECOMMENDED FOR:

ANATOMICAL PARTS > 10 cm

WITH HIGH kVp ( NOT ALWAYS
MAMMO)
SOFT TSSUE STRUCTURES TO INCREASE
CONTRAST
STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION THAT
WOULD INCRESE SCATTER
PRODUCTION

SCATTER RADIATIONPRODUCED WITHIN THE

PATIENT THROUGH
_______INTERATION
CAMPTON

--

--

--

SCATTER
TUBE

SCATTER

SCATTER

GRID CONSTRUCTION

GRID RATIO
G.R.= H/D

GRID SURFACE X-RAY

ABSORPTIONTYPICAL GRID
STRIPS-50 MICROMETERS
INTERSPACE 350
MICROMETERS
X-RAY ABSORPTION (%)=

WIDTH OF STRIPS

WIDTH OF STRIPS + WIDTH OF INTERSPACE

X 100

HIGH QUALITY GRIDS CAN

ATTENUATE 80%-90% OF
SCATTER RADIATION

GRID RATIO VS CLEANUP

RATIO

SCATTER CLEAN-UP

BUCKY FACTOR
BF=I.R./T.R.

GRID CONVERSIONS

NO GRID
5:1
8:1
12:1
16:1

1 X MAS , KVP X 1
2 X MAS , + 8-10 KVP
4 X MAS , + 12-15 KVP
5 X MAS , + 20-25 KVP
6 X MAS , + 30-40 KVP

NEW MAS= ORIGINAL MAS X NEW GRID FACTOR/OLD FACTOR

GRID FREQUENCY
# OF LEAD STRIPS PER INCH
OR CM

G.F.= 10,000 MICROMETERS/CM

T + D MICROMETER/LINE PAIR
T-STRIP WIDTH
D-INTERSPACE WIDTH

GRID TYPES

STATIONARY
MOVING-SINGLE STROKE & RECIPROCATING

LINEAR
CROSSHATCH
FOCUSED

MOVING GRID DR. HOLLIS

POTTER MODIFIED BUCKY
DIAPHGRAM

POTTER-BUCKY
DIAPHGRAM

P-B DIAPHRAGM

GRIDS:

CANTING
TILTING OF THE LEAD STRIPS
TO CREATE FOCUSED GRID

FOCUSED GRID

CROSSHATCH GRID

LINEAR GRID

LINEAR GRID USED IN

TOMOGRAPHY

BIGGEST
DISADVANTAGE OF
LINEAR & CROSS
GRID
GRID CUT-OFF

GRID CUT-OFF

FOCUSED GRID

GRIDS

GRIDS

GRID INFO

GRID EFFICIENCY

CIF
GS

CONTRAST IMPROVEMENT
FACTOR

CIF= CONTRAST WITH GRID/CONTRAST WITHOUT GRID

GRID SELECTIVITY

GS=NONSCATTER TRANSMITTED/SCATTER TRANSMITTED

GRID ERRORS

OFF LEVEL

OFF CENTER

OFF FOCUS

UPSIDE DOWN

OFF FOCUS & OFF CENTER

CUTOOF ACROSS ENTIRE

IMAGE, LIGHT IMAGE
CUTOOF ACROSS ENTIRE
IMAGE, LIGHT IMAGE
CUTOFF TOWARD THE EDGE
OF THE IMAGE

SEVERE CUTOFF TOWARD THE

EDGE OF THE IMAGE

DARK ON ONE SIDE & LIGHT

ON THE OTHER

GRID ERRORS

GRID ERRORS

OFF FOCUS

UPSIDE DOWN

GRID ARTIFACTS

MOIRE EFFECT
STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT
DAMAGED GRID

MOIRE EFFECT-PLACING GRID IN

BUCKY MECHANISM

STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT
(MOVING GRIDS) -MOTION OF
THE GRID IS FROZEN

WHEN USING SHORT EXPOSURE TIME ( SHORTER THAN MOVEMENT

OF THE GRID

RECIPROCATING MECHANISM IS BROKEN

AIR GAP TECHNIQUE