Matematical Physics: Coordinate System Polar Coordinate

MATEMATICAL PHYSICS
Dra. Suparmi, M.A., Ph.D

COORDINATE SYSTEM
POLAR COORDINATE
0
r0
r
y
Polar coordinate : object can move on a line, a plane, or space. Polar coordinate is used
to describe the motion of an object moving on a plane. Example uniform circular
motion (ucm)
0 unit vector in direction
r (vector) is position vector of the object.
r0 ia unit vector of r direction
r = i x + j y = i r cos + j r sin
r0 = i cos + j sin
0 = - i sin + j cos
0y
0x
r0y r0
r0x
r = |r | = magnitude of vector r
|r0 | = 1
|0 | = 1
r0x = |r0 | cos = cos
r 0y = |r0 | sin = sin
0x = |0 | sin = sin
0y = |0 | cos = cos
If we have a particle which is position is at r from origin,
s = r = ro r
v = = (ro r) = r
+ r0
=
(i cos + j sin ) = -i (sin ) + j (cos ) = (-i sin + j cos ) = 0
=
v = r 0 + r0
= 0 r + r0
= 0 r+ r0 vr
v = 0 v + r0 vr
a=
=r
(0 r ) +
+ 0
=
(r0 )
+ 0
+ r0
(- i cos + j sin ) = - i (sin ) - j(cos ) = - ( i sin + j cos ) = - r0
a = r (- r0) + 0 + 0 + 0+ r0
a = r0 ( r ) + 0( +2 )
= r0 a r + 0 a
For Uniform Circular Motion (UCM),
=0
=0
a = r0 ( r ) = - r0 r = -r0 r 2 = acp
Document1/st.legiyo -1
SPHERICAL COORDINATE
Spherical Coordinate is the advance of polar coordinate
r = r0 r
r = i r sin cos + j r sinsin + k r cos =r( i sin cos + j

sinsin + k cos )
r0
r sin
cos
r0 = i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos

0 = i cos cos + j cos sin - k sin
0 = -i sin + j cos
The direction of 0(xy) = r0(xy)
0(z) = |0| sin = sin
0(xy) = |0| cos = cos
0(y) = |0| cos sin = cos sin
0(x) = |0| cos cos = cos cos
r0(z)
r0
r0(xy)
0x
r0(-z)
0y = | cos = cos
0x = | sin = sin
0y = cos
Problem
If a particle move on spherical object and the instantaneous position of particle is at vector r, determine the
velocity and acceleration of the particle.
Solution
r0 = i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos
s = ro r
0 = i cos cos + j cos sin - k sin
= -i sin cos - i cossin j sin sin + j cos cos - k cos

= - (i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos) + ( jcos cos - i cossin)
= - r0 + cos ( j cos - i sin )
= - r0 + cos 0
0 = -i sin + j cos
0 = - i cos j sin
= - i cos(sin2+cos2) j sin (sin2+cos2) + k sin cos - k sin cos
= (- i cossin2 j sin sin2 - k sin cos) + (- i coscos2 j sin cos2 + k
sin cos)
= - sin ( i cossin + j sin sin + k cos) - cos (i coscos + j sin cos - k
sin)
= - sin r0 cos 0 = - (sin r0 + cos 0)
v=
(ro r) = r
=
+ r0
(i sin cos + j sin sin+ k cos )
= i {(cos ) cos + sin (-sin) } + j{(cos ) sin + sin(cos) } - k sin )

= i cos cos - i sin sin+ j cos sinj sincos - k sin
= (i cos cos + j cos sin- k sin ) + sin (- i sin+ j cos)
= 0 + sin 0
=
v = r ( 0 + sin 0) + r0
= 0 r + 0 r sin + r0
= v + v + vr
v = v + v + vr
a=
(r0 + 0 r + 0 r sin ) = (r0 )+
(1)
(r0 ) = r0
(2)
(0 r ) = 0 r
(0 r ) +
(0 r sin )
r0 = r0 + ( 0+ sin 0) = r0 + 0 + sin 0
+ 0
r + r
0 = 0 r + 0 + r (- r0 + cos 0)
= 0 r + 0 - r r0 + r cos 0
= 0(r + ) - r r0 + r cos 0
(3)
(0 r sin ) = 0 r sin
+ 0 r
+ 0 sin
r + r sin
= 0 r sin + 0 r cos + 0 sin + r sin (- sin r0

= 0 r sin + 0 r cos + 0 sin - r sin2 r0 r sin
= 0 (r sin + r cos + sin ) - r sin2 r0 r sin cos
0
cos 0)
cos 0
0
a = (1) + (2) + (3)

a = r0 + 0 + sin 0 + 0(r + ) - r r0 + r cos 0 + 0 (r sin + r cos + sin ) - r
sin2 r0 r sin cos 0
= r0 - r sin2 r0 - r r0 + 0 + 0(r + ) r sin cos 0 + sin 0 + r cos 0 + 0 (r
sin + r cos + sin )
= ( - r - r sin2 ) r0 + (r + 2 r sin cos ) 0 + (r sin + 2 sin +2 r cos )0
a = ar r0 + a 0 + a 0
Application of spherical coordinat on Laplacian
x = r sin cos
y = r sin sin
z = r cos
r0
r=
dr =
tan =
sec2 d =
cos =
- sin d =
=
dr =
r sin
cos
= = sin cos
= = sin sin
= = cos
+
(
= sin cos
= sin sin
= cos
( ) =(sin cos
+ (
( )
( )
+(
( ) +
= ( sin2cos2 sin2sin2 cos2)

)
) (cos
= cos2 ( )
) (sin sin
( ) +
+
( ) = (cos
= sin2 sin2( )
( ) =(sin sin
)(sin cos
= (sin2 cos2( ) -
( )
+
)
+(
+(
+
+
+ (
- 2
+(
+ 2
+ (-2
+ 2
+ (-2
=( sin2+ cos2 )(cos2 sin2
-2
- (2
)
-2
Where
)=
) =
Laplacian =
=
=
)+
) +
=(
) (
=
=
)+
) +
Application of spherical coordinat on Laplacian dan Angular Momentum

Electron is rotating on spherical path or elliptical path. The angular momentum of electron is
expressed as
L=rxp
Where
r is position of electron from origin

p is the linear momentum
If p is defined in differential operator,

p = -i = -i(i
+j
+k
then L = r x p
=|
| = i (-iy
+ iz ) + j (-iz
+ ix ) + k (-ix
+ iy ) =
iLx + jLy + kLz

Lx =
(-iy
+ iz )
= - i{r sin sin cos
= - i(r sin sin cos
= i{
= i(
Ly =
(-iz
(-ix
cos2
cos2
sin2
= - i{(cos2 +sin2 )
Lz =
- r cos sin sin
)}
+ ix )
= - i{rcossincos
= - i(
= - i{r cos (sin cos
= - ji{(
) - r cos ( sin sin
- r sin coscos
)}
sin2 cos
) - r sin cos (cos
+ iy )
= - i{ r sin cos sin sin
= - i{rsin cos sin sin
sin cos
) + r sin sin sin cos
r sin cos
r sin sin
= i{ sin cos sin cos
+ r sin sin
sin cos sin cos
= i
L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

(Lx)2= i(
= - 2(
= - 2{
= - 2{
(Lz)2= (i
) (i
+ csc2
) (i(
)(
+ cot sin2
+(
+ cot cos2
(csc2 + cot2)
+ cot cos2
= - 2{
) i(
- csc2
(Ly)2= (i(
= - 2(
)
+
+ csc2)
+
+ cot sin2
) = -2
L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

= - 2{
- 2{
+
+
(csc2 + cot2)
+(
+ csc2)
+ cot cos2
+ cot sin2
-2
= -2{
+
= -2{(
= -2{(
= -2(
+ cot
)+(

sin
Remember:
)+
+ csc2)
+ cot sin2
)+
f(x)
) +
L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

And
+ cot cos2
)+(
+ cot sin2
(csc2 + cot2)
+(
+ (cot cos2
= -2{
= -2(
sin
So
=
)-

Matematical Physics: Coordinate System Polar Coordinate

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MATEMATICAL PHYSICS

Dra. Suparmi, M.A., Ph.D

(i cos + j sin ) = -i (sin ) + j (cos ) = (-i sin + j cos ) = 0

(- i cos + j sin ) = - i (sin ) - j(cos ) = - ( i sin + j cos ) = - r0

r = i r sin cos + j r sinsin + k r cos =r( i sin cos + j

r0 = i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos

= -i sin cos - i cossin j sin sin + j cos cos - k cos

(i sin cos + j sin sin+ k cos )

= i {(cos ) cos + sin (-sin) } + j{(cos ) sin + sin(cos) } - k sin )

(r0 + 0 r + 0 r sin ) = (r0 )+

= 0 r sin + 0 r cos + 0 sin + r sin (- sin r0

a = (1) + (2) + (3)

= ( sin2cos2 sin2sin2 cos2)

=( sin2+ cos2 )(cos2 sin2

Application of spherical coordinat on Laplacian dan Angular Momentum

r is position of electron from origin

If p is defined in differential operator,

iLx + jLy + kLz

= - i{r sin sin cos

= - i(r sin sin cos

- r cos sin sin

= - i{r cos (sin cos

) - r cos ( sin sin

) - r sin cos (cos

= - i{ r sin cos sin sin

= - i{rsin cos sin sin

) + r sin sin sin cos

= i{ sin cos sin cos

sin cos sin cos

L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

L2 = L L = (Lx)2 + (Ly)2 + (Lz)2

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