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Notethatthedirectionof
isnormaltothesurfaceareaandthenegativesignshowsthatthepressureforce
acts against the surface. The total hydrostatic force on the surface can be computed by integrating the
infinitesimalforcesovertheentiresurfacearea.
Ifhisthedepthoftheelement,fromthehorizontalfreesurfaceasgiveninEquation(L2.9)becomes
L9.1
Ifthefluiddensity isconstantandP0istheatmosphericpressureatthefreesurface,integrationoftheabove
equationcanbecarriedouttodeterminethepressureattheelementasgivenbelow
L9.2
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