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RA
4,5 cm
RB
20 kN
1m
z
2,25 cm
3m
9 cm
2,5 cm
R= 5 cm
z
d/2=5,6 cm
3
3
y 1
F =0
M = 0
A
RA + RB = 20 (1)
RB .4 = 20.1
(2)
RA = 15 kN
Resolviendo:
RB = 5 kN
Diagramas de esfuerzos
5
x
+
0 x 1
V y = 15 kN
M z = 15.x
x = 0 Mz = 0
Vy
15
x
+
Mz
x = 1 M z = 15 kN .m
1 x 4
V y = 15 20 = 5 kN
M z = 15.x 20.( x 1)
x = 1 M z = 15 kN .m
15
Seccin ms solicitada:
x = 1
Vy = 15 kN
x = 4 Mz = 0
M z = 15 kN .m
a) Seccin rectangular:
1
.45.903 = 273, 4.10 4 mm 4
12
I zy = 0 ejes de simetra ejes principales
Iz =
45 mm
90 mm
2
3
1
y
z
22,5 mm
22,5 mm
M z .y
Iz
xy =
V y Qz ( y )
t ( y ).I z
xz =
V y Qz ( z )
t ( z ).I z
punto 1:
1 =
M z . y1 15.106.45
N / mm 2 = 246,9 N / mm 2
=
4
Iz
273, 4.10
xy1 =
V y Qz ( y1 )
t ( y1 ).I z
y1 = 45 mm
siendo:
=0
xz1 =
V y Qz ( z1 )
t ( z1 ).I z
=0
z1 = 0
t ( y1 ) = 45 mm
Qz ( y1 ) = 0
Qz ( z1 ) = 0
por simetra
punto 2:
2 =
M z . y2
=0
Iz
xy 2 =
V y Qz ( y 2 )
t ( y2 ).I z
y2 = 0
siendo:
xz 2 =
V y Qz ( z 2 )
t ( z 2 ).I z
=0
z2 = 0
t ( y2 ) = 45 mm
Qz ( y2 ) = 45.45.22, 5 = 45, 6.103 mm3
Qz ( z2 ) = 0
por simetra
punto 3:
M z . y3 15.106.22,5
3 =
=
N / mm 2 = 123, 45 N / mm 2
4
Iz
273, 4.10
xy 3 =
V y Q z ( y3 )
siendo:
t ( y3 ).I z
V y Qz ( z3 )
15.10 3.34, 2.103
= 4,17 N / mm 2 xz 3 =
=0
4
45.273, 4.10
t ( z3 ).I z
y3 = 22, 5 mm
z3 = 0
t ( y3 ) = 45 mm
Qz ( y3 ) = 45.22, 5.(22,5 +
Qz ( z3 ) = 0
por simetra
22, 5
2
) = 34, 2.103 mm3
xy2
2
xy3 3
1
y
z
3
1
b) seccin circular
Iz =
.R 4
.50 4
= 490, 9.10 4 mm 4
4
4
I zy = 0 ejes de simetra ejes principales
R = 50 mm
25 mm
xy =
M z .y
Iz
V y Qz ( y )
1
y
t ( y ).I z
xz =
t ( y ) = 2. R 2 y 2
R
3
2 2
2 2
Qz ( y ) = 2. R y .dy. y= .( R y )
3
y
2
dy
y
punto 1:
M z . y1 15.106.50
1 =
=
= 152, 78 N / mm 2
4
Iz
490,9.10
xy1 =
V y Qz ( y1 )
t ( y1 ).I z
y1 = 50 mm
siendo:
=0
xz1 =
V y Qz ( z1 )
t ( z1 ).I z
=0
z1 = 0
t ( y1 ) = 0
Qz ( y1 ) = 0
Qz ( z1 ) = 0
punto 2:
2 =
xy 2 =
V y Qz ( y2 )
siendo:
y2 = 0
t ( y2 ).I z
por simetra
M z . y2
=0
Iz
=
V y Qz ( z 2 )
15.10 3.83, 3.10 3
2
=0
xz 2 =
2,
55
/
=
N
mm
4
t
(
z
).
I
2
z
100.490, 9.10
z2 = 0
t ( y2 ) = 100 mm
3
2
2
2 2
Qz ( y2 ) = .(50 0 ) = 83, 3.103 mm3
3
Qz ( z2 ) = 0 por simetra
V y Qz ( z )
t ( z ).I z
punto 3:
3 =
xy 3 =
M z . y3 15.106.25
=
= 76,39 N / mm 2
4
490,9.10
Iz
V y Q z ( y3 )
t ( y3 ).I z
siendo:
15.103.54,1.103
= 1, 91 N / mm 2
4
87.490, 9.10
y3 = 25 mm
xz 3 =
V y Qz ( z3 )
t ( z3 ).I z
=0
z3 = 0
t ( y3 ) = 2. 502 252 = 87 mm
2
2
2
2 3
Qz ( y3 ) = .(50 25 ) = 54,1.103 mm3
3
Qz ( z3 ) = 0 por simetra
2
xy2
3
xy3
1
y
z
3
x
1
c) seccin IPE-140
73 mm
I z = tablas = 541.104 mm 4
6,9 mm
I zy = 0
4,7 mm
z
140 mm 2
d/2 = 56 mm
3
1
M z .y
Iz
xs =
V y Qz ( s )
t ( s ).I z
6,9 mm
y
punto 1:
1 =
punto 2:
M z . y1 15.106.70
=
= 194, 08 N / mm 2
Iz
541.104
xs1 =
V y Qz ( s1 )
2 =
M z . y2
=0
Iz
xs 2 =
V y Q z ( s2 )
t ( s1 ).I z
t ( s2 ).I z
15.103.44, 2.103
= 26, 07 N / mm 2
4
4, 7.541.10
siendo:
t ( s2 ) = 4, 7 mm
Qz ( y2 ) = W pl , y / 2(tablas ) = 44, 2 cm3
punto 3
3 =
M z . y3 15.106.56
=
= 155, 27 N / mm 2
541.104
Iz
xy 3 =
V y Qz ( s3 )
t ( s3 ).I z
15.103.36,8.103
= 21, 73 N / mm 2
4, 7.541.10 4
siendo:
t ( s3 ) = 4, 7 mm
Qz ( y2 ) = W pl , y / 2(tablas )
d d
112
112
.e. = 44, 2
.4, 7.
= 36,8.103 mm3
2 4
2
4
xs2
x
xs3 3
1
y
3
1
Vy = 30 kN
Iz =
1
1
.150.2003 .(150 2.8).(200 2.8)3 = 3043, 7.104 mm 4
12
12
Al ser la sec cin simtrica respecto del eje y, y estar sometida solo aVy las tensiones
cor tan tes xso , en los puntos de corte dela sec cin con el eje y , ( puntos A y B ) son cero
xs =
xs 0 .t ( s0 ) V y .Qz ( s )
t (s)
s4
s3
t ( s ).I z
(como xs 0 = 0 en A y B ) xs =
xs0=0
7,1
Solucin:
V y .Qz ( s )
t ( s ).I z
7,1
7,1
8 mm 92 mm
7,1
200 mm
z
s6
s5
s2
s1
75 mm y 75 mm
92 mm
11,27
11,27
media(almas)=9,37
MAX
MAX
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
tramo s1 :
30.103.(768.s1 )
s1 = 0 xs = 0 s1 = 75 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
8.3043, 7.10 4
siendo : t ( s ) = t f = 8 mm
Qz ( s ) = 8.s1 .(96) = 768.s1
xs =
tramo s2 :
30.103.(768.s2 )
s2 = 0 xs = 0 s2 = 75 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
8.3043, 7.10 4
siendo : t ( s ) = t f = 8 cm
Qz ( s ) = 8.s2 .(96) = 768.s2
xs =
tramo s3 :
30.103.( 768.s3 )
s3 = 0 xs = 0 s3 = 75 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
4
8.3043, 7.10
siendo : t ( s ) = t f = 8 mm
Qz ( s ) = 8.s3 .( 96) = 768.s3
xs =
tramo s4 :
30.103.( 768.s4 )
xs =
s3 = 0 xs = 0 s4 = 75 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
4
8.3043, 7.10
siendo : t ( s ) = t f = 8 mm
Qz ( s ) = 8.s4 .( 96) = 768.s4
tramo s5 :
xs =
s5 = 0 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
s5 = 92 xs = 11, 27 N / mm 2
siendo : t ( s ) = t w = 8 mm
s5 = 184 xs = 7,1 N / mm 2
s5
) = 4.s52 + 736.s5 + 57600
2
xsmedia (almas ) =
2)
Iy =
Vy
Aalmas
Vy
2.h.tw
30.103
= 9, 37 N / mm 2
2.200.8
1
1
.200.1503 .(200 2.8).(150 2.8)3 = 1935, 64.10 4 mm 4
12
12
xs 0 .t ( s0 ) Vz .Qy ( s )
t ( s)
t ( s ).I y
20.103.[50.8.(75 4)]
8.1935, 64.10
= 3, 67 N / mm 2
siendo : xs 0 = 0
Al ser la sec cin simtrica respecto del eje z y estar sometida ahora slo aVz las tensiones
cor tan tes xso , en los puntos de corte de la sec cin con el eje z ( puntos C y D) son cero
3m
HA
4m
VB
VA
F
F
M
=0
H A = 10 kN
=0
VA + VB = 6.4
=0
V A = 4, 5 kN
Resolviendo:
VB = 19, 5 kN
VB .4 = 10.3 + 6.4.2
Diagramas de esfuerzos:
N (kN)
4,5
19,5
10
+
4,5
Mz (kN.m)
30
+
30
31,69
Pilar AC
N = 4, 5 kN
M z = 10.x
19,5
Vy (kN)
Vy = 10 kN
x = 0 Mz = 0
x = 3 M z = 30 kN .m
Viga CD :
N = 10 10 = 0
V y = 4, 5 6.x
x = 0 V y = 4, 5 kN
M z = 4, 5.x + 10.3 6.x.
x = 0 M z = 30 kN .m
Pilar BD :
N = 19, 5 kN
Vy = 0
Mz = 0
x = 4 Vy = 19, 5 kN
RY = 0 x = 0, 75 m
x
2
x = 4 Mz = 0
x = 0, 75 M z = 31, 69 kN .m
ab
12
0.2.0.1
12
1.67.10-5
m4
P l
=- - =
2 2
809.8
2
- =
2
1176 N m.
El
R=-=
M
1011.67 . 10-5
1176
142m.