1.

Khi Nim
Phn mm m ngun m
- L phn mm vi m ngun c cng b v s dng mt giy php ngun m.
- Cho php bt c ai cng c th nghin cu, thay i v ci tin phn mm theo qui
nh trong giy php m ngun m.
- Khng ch l min ph v gi mua m ch yu l min ph v bn quyn.
- Nh cung cp phn mm ngun m c quyn yu cu ngi dng tr mt s chi ph
v nhng dch v thc s thc hin phc v ngi dng, nhng khng c
bn cc sn phm ngun m v n l ti sn ca tr tu chung.
Phn mm m ngun ng
- L phn mm m m ngun khng c cng b.
- Vic s dng phn mm m ngun ng phi c s cho php ca tc gi.
- Ngn cm mi hnh vi sao chp, chnh sa, phn phi, b kha s dng phn mm
mt cch bt hp php.
- L phn mm tnh ph.
Phn mm min ph
- l phn mm m ngi s dng khng phi tr bt kz chi ph no.
- khng hn ch thi gian s dng, c th ti t do v dng t Internet.
- c th sao chp v s dng phn mm .
- Ngi dng c th cung cp mt s thng tin c nhn (email, ...) s dng phn
mm.
- Ngi s dng phi chu hon ton trch nhim vi nhng tha thun bn quyn
cam kt gia hai bn.
Khc Nhau
-

M ngun m
Source code c
xem.
Ngi dng to th
vin, chy v sa li,
to c tnh mi v
phn phi cc bn
thay i
Kinh doanh khng
cn hi ai
Copy- left

M ngun ng
- Source code bo mt.
- Bn cho khch hng.
Cng ty nhn phn
hi t khch hng
sa cha, nng cp.
- Phn mm ca ai
ngi t bn.
-

Copy-right

Li ch phn mm m ngun m :
- c s dng min ph, tit kim c ngun tin khng l.
- c cp nht thng xuyn, lin tc.
- Kh nng thay i thch ng cao.

Min Ph

- c lp vi nh cung cp.
- Khng hn ch giy php s dng.
- Chi ph s dng thp.
- Th nghim nhanh.
- Phn phi module m mnh t lm.
- C kh nng tin ha, nng cp cao bi cng ng ngi dng.
- Thc y kh nng ng gp ca cng ng vi sn phm mnh s dng.
Khuyt im phn mm m ngun m :
- Hn ch mt s tnh nng.
- M ngun m c th Ht m trong tng lai.
- Khng c ngi chu trch nhim li.
- Ngun lc khng n nh.
- a s phn mm m ngun m c cht lng thp hn m ngun ng.
- D b li bo mt.
- Kh s dng vi ngi dng mi.
- Documents khng phong ph.
- Mt s lnh vc cha c phn mm m ngun m.

2. Lnh Vc Phn Mm
a. Portal
Khi nim :
- Cn c gi l cng thng tin in t.
- l mt hoc mt nhm trang web m t ngi truy cp c th d dng truy xut
cc trang web v cc dch v thng tin khc trn mng my tnh.
ng dng ph bin : Yahoo, Lycos, Altavista, AOL.
Tiu chun chn :
- Tnh tin li, d s dng, chi ph thp.
- Kin trc n gin, c th yu cu b sung thm cc tnh nng mi.
- C s h tr ca cng ng m ngun m.
- Hot ng n nh trn nhiu mi trng khc nhau (h iu hnh, CSDL).
- Ngi dng c th truy cp nhiu th ch t mt trang portal.
- c tnh ch mt kt ni hay tt c trong mt.
- Phc v cho nhiu mc ch cng vic khc nhau : nh kinh doanh qua mng, cc
nhn vin tng tc vi nhau v khai thc d liu thng qua h thng portal.
b. CMS
Khi nim :
- Content Management System (H thng qun l ni dung).
- L phn mm t chc v to mi trng cng tc thun li nhm mc ch xy
dng mt h thng ti liu v cc ni dung khc nhau mt cch thng nht.
- c p dng vo cc chng trnh qun l ni dung website.

 CMS l mt thut ng ch n h thng qun l ni dung

ng dng CMS : Website Nh Trng M, i hc Havard, i hc Stanford, BBC England,
MTV,...

Tiu chun chn CMS :

- D s dng.
- Nn tng mnh m, n nh, m ngun c ti u.
- Cu trc linh hot gip lp trnh vin m rng chc nng theo nhu cu s dng.
- Cng ng h tr khng l.
- Ni dung ca website c t chc khoa hc v cht ch (cc trang, media, FAQ
cu hi thng gp, forum, v.v.).
- Cc nhm lm vic ca khch hng c th lm vic cng lc trn cng mt ti liu
(vai tr, cp php, v.v.).
- Chi ph lp trnh pht trin cng thp hn bi v nhiu tnh nng c a vo
cc gii php CMS.
c. Forum
Khi nim :
- Cn c gi l din n trc tuyn
- L mt ni tho lun trc tuyn. N c th cha mt s chuyn mc, bao gm cc
din n, ch v bi vit c nhn.
- Phng thc thng dng l ngi u tin gi ln mt ch trong mt mc
v sau nhng ngi tip theo s vit nhng bi gp , tho lun.
Cc ng dng forum : vn-zoom, tinhte.com, zing.vn, ...
Tiu chun :
- Hng ni dung cht lng t cng ng, cc thnh vin ca forum c th ng gp
cc ni dung c gi tr.
- Gi chn c gi trung thnh.
- Tnh tng tc cao gia cc thnh vin trong forum.
- D dng qun l, tit kim thi gian v c c ch phn quyn thnh vin kh tt.
d. ERP
Khi nim :
- ERP l t vit tt ca Enterprise Resource Planning.
- L mt h thng ng dng a phn h gip t chc, doanh nghip qun l cc ngun
lc v iu hnh tc nghip .
- Cho php doanh nghip s dng tt c cc phn h (sn xut, bn hng, tip th,. ..)
c tch hp vo qui trnh kinh doanh ca mnh.

L phn mm ng dng a phn h, tch hp hot ng gia cc phng chc nng

khc nhau, t vic lp k hoch sn xut, b phn thu mua, kim sot hng tn kho,
phn phi sn phm, theo di n hng cho n ti chnh k ton.
ng dng ph bin : OpenERP, Openbravo, Compiere, WebERP
Tiu chun :
- D ci t, s dng, y ti liu hng dn, h tr nhiu ngn ng.
- C y cc m un cn thit ca mt doanh nghip.
- Mnh m, linh hot, h thng theo chun quc t phc v gn nh y nhu cu
ca doanh nghip.
- H tr tt c cc doanh nghip vi mi quy m (hn 2000 nhn vin).
e. CRM
Khi nim :
- Customer relationship management : Cn c gi l qun l quan h khch hng.
- L phn mm gp t ng ho cc qu trnh t thu ht, lin h cho n phc v
khch hng.
- Qun l cc thng tin ca khch hng nh thng tin v ti khon, nhu cu, lin lc v
cc vn khc nhm phc v khch hng tt hn.
ng dng CRM : CRM Vtiger, SugarCRM, Microsoft Dynamics CRM,...
Tiu chun :
- Bo mt : D liu khch hng lun t ng sao lu d phng.
- Truy cp thng tin khch hng vi tc cao v chnh xc tuyt i.
- CRM gm nhiu module, nhiu chc nng m i khi doanh nghip khng th tn
dng ht.
- Cc h thng CRM cn c thay i tuz theo nhu cu ca khch hng, c bit l
nhng doanh nghip va v nh bi h khng c kh nng v mt ti chnh cng
nh ngun nhn lc.
- Vic p dng CRM thc s n gin, khng i hi c chuyn mn cao.
- Cng ngh thng tin ti VN pht trin, vic p dng tin hc vo qun tr doanh
nghip c nhiu doanh nghip quan tm.
- Vi mc lm pht cao, cc doanh nghip bt u phi tit kim chi ph, do vy CRM
l mt cng c kh thch hp.
- H thng c th c m rng theo nhu cu ngi dng.
f. Elearning
Khi nim :
- E-Learning (vit tt ca Electronic Learning).
- L mt thut ng dng m t vic hc tp, o to da trn cng ngh thng tin
(CNTT) v truyn thng.
Cc ng dng : http://e-learning.hcmut.edu.vn/ , http://el.edu.net.vn/, DH Hoa Sen

Tiu chun :
- Iternet ph cp rng ri. Ngi dng c th hc bt c u.
- Tnh hp dn: nhng bi ging tch hp text, hnh nh minh ha, m thanh lm tng
thm tnh hp dn ca bi hc.
- Tnh linh hot: Ngi hc c th t iu chnh qu trnh hc, la chn cch hc ph
hp nht vi hon cnh ca mnh.
- Tnh cp nht: Ni dung bi hc thng xuyn c cp nht v i mi nhm p
ng tt nht v ph hp nht vi ngi hc.
- Hc c s hp tc, phi hp: Ngi hc c th d dng trao i thng tin vi nhau,
vi ging vin qua cc din n (forum), hi thoi, trc tuyn (chat), th t (e
mail)
- Tm l d chu: Mi ro cn v tm l giao tip ca c ngi dy v ngi hc dn
dn b xa b, mi ngi t tin hn trong vic trao i quan im.
- Cc k nng lm vic hp tc, t iu chnh thch ng ca ngi hc s c hon
thin khng ngng.
Do , khi n vi E-Learning, mi thnh phn, khng phn bit trnh , gii
tnh tui tc u c th tm cho mnh mt hng tip cn khc nhau vi vn
m khng b rng buc trong mt khun kh c th no (c nhn hoc ngi
hc).
g. Software
Khi nim :
- Phn mm l mt tp hp nhng cu lnh.
- Cc cu lnh c vit bng mt hoc nhiu ngn ng lp trnh theo mt trt t
xc nh.
- Nhm t ng thc hin mt s chc nng hoc gii quyt mt bi ton no .
Cc ng dng : Notepad++, Visual studio, Eclipse, Netbean,...
Tiu chun :
- n gin, gn nh v h tr hu ht ngn ng lp trnh ph bin.
- H tr a ngn ng.
- Nhiu plugin h tr.
- Lu tr v sa cha mt on code d dng v nhanh chng.
- Tch hp nhiu chc nng ca cng c son tho n gin.
- H tr sao lu di nhiu nh dng tp quy nh ca ngn ng lp trnh.
h. B2B
Khi nim :
- B2B l vit tt ca thut ng Business To Business.
- M hnh kinh doanh thng mi in t trong giao dch xy ra trc tip gia cc
doanh nghip vi nhau.

Giao dch ca cc cng ty vi nhau thng c bt u t cc giao tip in t,

trong c giao tip qua cc sn giao dch in t.
Cc ng dng :
Tiu chun :
i. B2C
Khi nim :
- Vit tt ca Business-to-Consumer.
- L hnh thc thng mi in t giao dch gia cng ty v ngi tiu dng (khch
hng).
- Cn gi l dch v bn l trc tuyn ca cc cng ty qua mng Internet.
Cc ng dng : OpenCart, Oscommerce, ZenCart, PrestaShop, ...
Tiu chun chn :
- Dung lng nh.
- To mt ca hng trc tuyn nhanh chng , cc bc ci t n gin.
- Lnh vc phn mm khng tn km v chi ph.
- Thng tin hng ha phong ph, h tr ti a giao din ngi dng.
- Tit kim thi gian mua hng cho ngi dng.

3. So Snh Mt S Lnh Vc Phn Mm

a. Khc nhau web thng thng v portal
Portal

Web thng thng

ng nhp 1 ln ti cc ti
nguyn c lin kt vi portal.

Khng c kh nng ng nhp 1

ln.

C nhn ha ni dung hin th

kh tt.

Khng h tr, nu c th mc
nh, khng ni bt.

Kh nng ty bin cao. V d thay

i cch hin th, ngi dng
thay i ni dung khng mong
mun.
Lin kt n ngun ti nguyn
rng ln, nhiu KDL.

Dng li mc dng sn.

Ngi dng khng th thay i
theo tng mc ty thch.

S dng link lin kt cc trang

khc nhng ni dung tp trung
trang .

H tr tt kh nng lin kt v
hp tc ngi dng.

Khng h tr chc nng ny.

b. Khc nhau Portal vi CMS

Portal
-

CMS
-

c. Khc nhau B2B, B2C

B2C

B2B
-

Business To Business. M hnh

kinh doanh in t giao tip
gia cc doanh nghip.

Business To Customer. M
hnh kinh doanh in t giao
tip doanh nghip vi khch
hng.

Giao dch phc tp hn, i

hi tnh an ton cao hn.

Giao dch n gin hn, tnh

an ton thp hn.

Giao dch bao gm gi c, vic

giao nhn hng v xc nh
quy cch, cc c tnh k thut
ca sn phm.
Phi tch hp h thng ca
doanh nghip bn hng v
doanh nghip mua hng.

Khng nht thit phi bao gm

yu t B2B

Khng phi tch hp h thng

doanh nghip vi h thng
khch hng.