Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SYNDROME AMONG
NIGERIAN GRADUATES:
SOLUSION.
BY
OMEH KATE
AKP/WRR/BMG/BUS/HND2006/0018
BEING A PROJECT WORK SUBMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
SEPTEMBER 2008
CERTIFICATION
We hereby certify that this research project was carried out by OMEH
KATE (AKP/WRR/BMG/BUS/HND/2006/0018)
.......................................................................................................for the
2
______________________ ____________________
DATE
Project supervisor
_____________________ ________________
DATE
Centre co-ordinator
DEDICATION
This research project is dedicated to the Almighty God for His ever
enduring love, kindness, mercy and grace all through the course of this
programme. Father, I thank and worship you and give You all the Glory
and Honour.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thereby which to Acknowledged the following people that has made my dream
and purpose in life to come through. First of all, thanks to Almighty God who
gave me power and wisdom, and the grace to be educated and to my dear One
4
___________________________________________ who is an encouragement
________________________________________________________________
___ for their love towards me in prayer, also my supervisor who has been a
lovely Register of warri center MRS Stella Oyabugbe and my late Co-odinator
of warri Centre late Dr Alex Obinala of blessed memorial for his fatherly love
______________________________________________________ whose
Vision for my life was to be great and useful in life and those many love ones
too numerous to name. My prayer to God Almighty is that HE should bless you
ABSTRACT
5
In this research work, attempt was made to examine how unemployment
graduates.
The research viewed this ugly trend (unemployment) in the country under the
unemployment.
It was discovered that the basic causes of unemployment are government made
getting a job, or getting more training, but the research has revealed that the
following criteria could serve as solution:--- Philips curve, demand side, supply
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCION
6
Unemployment is viewed in this research work as a state in which an
gainful employment.
well, who normally, would form the core of the productive vanguard in a
consequently poor, are well educated and skilled, even by European and
American standards.
poverty in the country. Unless Obadan & Odusola of the National Center
7
of improving the welfare of its people, unless it enhances the chances of
causes, effects and solution, some of the questions easily come to mind
are:
growth in Nigeria?
4. what steps should be taken to ensure that growth is such that brings
feudalism, the serfs were never "unemployed" because they had direct access
to the land, and the needed tools, and could thus work to produce crops. Just as
on the American frontier during the nineteenth century, there were day laborers
8
and subsistence farmers on poor land, whose position in society was somewhat
analogous to the unemployed of today. But they were not truly unemployed,
since they could find work and support themselves on the land.
Under both ancient and modern systems of slave-labor, slave-owners never let
their property be unemployed for long. (If anything, they would sell the
Northwest—do not let their members become unemployed unless the co-op
means employing workers beyond their worth: the workers are making a loss,
of Nigeria, these resources have not been optimally utilized; these resources
9
supposed to be a solution to the problems of unemployment and poverty,
poverty.
some highly educated populations, as well, who normally, would form the core
Nigeria's unemployed and consequently poor, are well educated and skilled.
A report by the World Bank (Andrew Dabalen and Olatunde A. Adekola, 2002)
and another by Bankole Oni of the Nigerian Institute for Social Research
(NISER) complains that Nigeria, with half the population of West Africa and a
vast spread of natural resource endowments, the country has the potential to be
the source of growth and prosperity for the whole region, instead of its current
10
that 66% of Nigeria’s citizens, educated youth especially, live below the
Libya with $12,000.00 a year and Malaysia with $8,000.00 per capita annually.
Bankole does not hesitate to assert that "the main causes of Nigeria's poor
"youth and graduate unemployment and its many attendant problems," alluding
solutions availed him, he hinted at the fact that, unemployed graduates had been
4.3 percent of the labor force in 1985, increased to 5.3 percent in 1986 and 7.0
taken under the SAP. Most of the unemployed were city dwellers, as indicated
by urban jobless rates of 8.7 percent in 1985, 9.1 percent in 1986, 9.8 percent in
1987, and 7.3 percent in 1988. Underemployed farm labor, often referred to as
11
therefore rural unemployment figures were less accurate than those for urban
unemployment.
graduates
12
ii. to determine the positive and negative effects of
unemployment
among graduates.
useful to:
13
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The survey research method has the limitation that it was ‘once shot’ or at
most ‘two shot’ and that diminishes its capability to generate data with
survey probes.
compel the respondents to give answers that they do not fully endorse,
There was the limitation of the rigidity of the research instrument, which
There was the limitation that the cost of administering the questionnaire
was very high due to high administrative, personnel and traveling costs
especially when some of the respondents were initially not on their seats.
There was the limitation that the researcher and the field data collectors
were not policemen and so they could not force some of the respondents
if they refuse to give answers. There was also the limitation of the
14
1.8 STRUCTURE OF WORK
1. Introduction
REFERENCES
15
employment, unemployment and underemployment,
3. http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Price_Theory/PThy_1st_Edn
_Ch22/PThy_1st_Edn_Chap_22.html
CHAPTER TWO
16
2.1 THE SPECTRUM OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment is not the result of any one cause. It makes its appearance
Throughout the year some workers may appear in the labor market and
then withdraw. Students work during the summer and return to school in
slaughtering and meat packing are very seasonal and give rise to a
But in its long history the Bureau has never prepared a systematic
erroneously, may turn public opinion against the enterprise order itself. In
17
the end, it may even deliver the economy into the very hands that cause
the unemployment.
marginal labour, that is, labor that barely covers its costs, to become
pay to be raised, funds to be set aside for sickness and old age, or any
the primitive notion that government can improve everyone’s income and
reflects the spirit and mentality of our age. Unless they soon will give
18
honest market rates; they are even prepared to ignore the labour laws and
work under market conditions. But most employers do not dare to violate
the laws. The penalties leveled at them always are onerous and degrading
people.
public discourse. The edition of the Patito's gang which dealt with the
was quoted as saying that over population was responsible for the poor
2002 P.4). First, anybody who is conversant with what Rev. Fr. George
in Africa and the Third World which reached its crescendo in the 80s will
understand that Nwosu was neither speaking for himself nor for the
19
and powerful international agencies like the IMF, World Bank, United
needs any loan or other assistance from the IMF or the World Bank, the
oil. The third arm of this tripartite conjecture is that the level of
contrast to its regional neighbors, most of which have far less resources.
20
Much of the unemployment is recorded in the urban cities, such as Lagos,
UNEMPLOYMENT: CAUSES
The purpose of the discussion below is to point out the overall effects and
Because a healthy economy providing jobs for all who want to work is
21
potential employees to look for jobs. Finally, it is important to study the
Other things being equal, the greater the amount of goods and services
taxation that discourage the operation of business will also reduce the
demand for labour. Many entrepreneurs are faced with regulations that
Employers will hire workers if the revenue resulting from the workers'
labour exceeds the costs of hiring and employing that labour. These costs
are not limited to wages and salaries plus fringe benefits; they include
22
revenue adequate to fund existing programs) is clear, and again the policy
per worker are reduced, tend to increase employer costs because of the
selection and training costs incurred for new employees and because the
employer is not free to choose the number of workers and hours per
from old to new workers, the increased costs and decreased profits
the incentive for people to work will be increased if their income taxes
23
In addition to increasing take-home pay by reducing taxes, the
pay for a given job, mandated wage floors such as the minimum wage
may simply cause certain jobs to disappear, or indeed, never come into
existence.
of these programs have implicit tax rates in that their payments are
resulting from work is less than earnings, being reduced by the decrease
or total loss of program support. These implicit tax rates, like those of the
other transfer program policy options: (1) cutting program payments, thus
encouraging people to look for jobs, but also reducing income to those
who fail to find jobs, and (2) granting income to eligible persons
24
to a person when he becomes unemployed rather than paying him an
that occurs depends on the situation at the goods market, rather than that
25
2.4.2 Classical unemployment
Some, such as Murray Rothbard, suggest that even social taboos can
certain seasons.
the labour. This is caused by a business cycle recession, and wages not
26
Involuntary unemployment does not exist in agrarian societies nor is it
societies, the suddenly unemployed person must meet his survival needs,
the primitive notion that government can improve everyone's income and
reflects the spirit and mentality of our age. Unless they soon give way to
is likely to rise.
27
stress, and loss of self-esteem, leading to depression. Another cost for the
take jobs that do not fit their skills or allow them to use their talents.
2.5.2 Society: An economy with high unemployment is not using all of the
accepted the first job they were offered, they would be likely to be
sticky wages cost the US economy about $4,000 billion. This is many
causing a loss of human capital. Being unemployed can also reduce the
are stealing their jobs. Efforts to preserve existing jobs of domestic and
native workers include legal barriers against "outsiders" who want jobs,
28
obstacles to immigration, and/or tariffs and similar trade barriers against
foreign competitors.
employment opportunities.
Above those mentioned, there are many social and economic effects they
include:
-A loss of production and output because those who are unemployed are
not able to add towards GDP.
-A cost to the government for the simple reason that the government must
fund the unemployed increasing its budget deficit.
29
2.6 AIDING THE UNEMPLOYED (CURE/SOLUTION TO
UNEMPLOYMENT)
The most developed countries have aids for the unemployed as part of the
typically focus on the unemployment rate. This corrects for the normal
30
unemployment rate is expressed as a percentage, and is calculated as
follows:
internationally comparable.
one or more of the other three methods. The use of this method has been
base on the number of persons insured representing the total labour force
and the number of persons who are insured that are collecting benefits.
This method has been heavily criticized due to the expiration of benefits
• Employment Office Statistics are the least effective being that they only
offices.
31
These percentages represent the usual rough ranking of these different
groups' unemployment rates. The absolute numbers change over time and
crime rates (Cantor and Land 1985; Ottosen and Thompson 1996),
especially among the young (Britt 1994), suicide, and homicide (Yang
and Lester 1994; Ottosen and Thompson 1996). Garry Ottosen and
among youth not only causes current hardship, but may also hinder future
joblessness signals that the individual may not have the qualities that are
32
Unemployment may impair the functioning of families (see, for example,
Liker and Elder 1983; Barling 1990) by affecting the parents' interactions
with their children and the interactions between partners. Although it has
been shown that unemployed parents spend more time with their children,
also likely to lead to major role changes in the home. For example,
whether it is because they have more time or they feel that they have to
undertake additional household duties when they are no longer the financial
provider for the family, unemployed husbands are more likely to increase
husbands are more likely to have disagreements and arguments with their
spouses than are employed husbands, and this has the potential to lead to
33
certain products and services, individual perceptions and willingness to
work and search for jobs, their values and attitudes towards some jobs
training and the possibility for them to get a job after the training even
perception and they can be subjective in their behavior and there fore can
become unemployed even though the actual condition they can get a job
secondary-school graduates.
34
REFFERENCES
http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=CAUSES+OF+UNEMPLOYMENT&meta=
http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=CAUSES+OF+UNEMPLOYMENT&meta=
http://www.bizcovering.com/Business-and-Society/Causes-of-
Unemployment.42495
<a href="http://family.jrank.org/pages/1724/Unemployment-
Consequences-Unemployment.html">Unemployment - Consequences Of
Unemployment</a>
http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4732102/Employment-in-
Nigeria-Brief-Article.html
35
http://www.photius.com/countries/nigeria/economy/nigeria_economy_un
employment.html
CHAPTER THREE
hereunder that:
36
(iii) It is a method in which the researcher manipulates no explanatory
manipulated;
(v) The subjects give the data the natural settings of their workplaces;
statistically; and
(viii) The aim of the research may span from the exploration phenomena
The survey research method has some merit, which are to be articulated
is selected in such a way as to make for the generally low due to the
37
even as a compromise has a lot of strength. The survey research method
also has the merit that data collection takes place in the “natural” settings
directly from the respondents. The advantage that the survey yields data
that suggests new hypothesis is very illuminating. There is also the merit
The survey research method also has some demerits. There is the demerit
survey probes. There is the demerit that most surveys are “one shot” or at
survey research method to yield data with which to test the causal
There is also the demerit of the survey that in terms of total expenditure,
when the research and the field data collectors have to do several trips to
get at some subjects that were not originally available. There is also the
38
demerit that the structured and pre-arranged response formats of many
many compel the subjects to give response which they do not really
Apart from the choice of the survey research design, the industry is also
chosen for the study. The study on the internal control in the aviation
industry is for only industry and there was the need to deliver
depth.
3.2 SAMPLING
drawn from it. The population in this study is the entire staff of the firm.
39
The list of all the senior staff in the two firms in the aviation industry is
got from the personnel department of the firms in the industry. The
numbers are written on a piece of paper, put in a basket and the papers are
folded to cover the numbers and one of the pieces of paper is selected at a
replacement is done until the sample of 100 respondents per firm is got.
As earlier stated, the primary data collection instrument in this study was
a heavy dependence was placed on verbal reports from the subjects to get
at the same time. Also with a specific research budget, it was usually
40
offers some uniformity from one measurement occasion to another
confidence in their anonymity, and thus feel freer to express views they
questionnaire also has some demerits. It has been estimated that for
batting manner, there is often a little that can be done to ameliorate the
41
past facts is not forgetting in the usual sense of the word but rather, it
compel answers. That is, the information may not be readily accessible to
the subject and thus the subject may be reluctant to put forth enough
et al, 1996).
utilised which is made up of two parts namely, the personal data section
and the section on the data on the actual subject matter of the work. The
structured in the sense that the questions are logically sequenced and are
alternative answer format type. Ten (10) of the questions have yes or no
answers, Ten (10) of the questions have alternative answers for the
respondents to tick.
The structured questionnaire has the merit that it yields data that is easier
42
biases. It however has the demerit that the rigidity of the research
the personal interview. The method has the merit that it produces a better
also has the merit that it gives a very high completion and response rates.
of misunderstood questions.
It has the merit that it is a very feasible method (Selltiz et al, 1976). The
personal interview method has the demerit that it is more costly than the
The researcher and three other field data collectors did the fieldwork.
The field data collectors were other classmates also offering the part-time
HND program, who have also offered Research Methodology and are
staff of the firm’s studies and so they had no problem gaining entrance in
entry , greet the respondents and , how to tick the questionnaire correctly,
and honestly.
43
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
TOOLS
The data presentation tools were simple bar charts, histograms, and
(c) Caption
The head note or prefatory note or explanatory just before the title;
Anyiwe (1994) has observed that a table has the following merits
44
(k) Patterns or trends within the figures which cannot be
prose formation:
It is in this respect that this study finds it worthwhile to address the following
questions using time series data for a 31-year period, 1970-2000: (a) what is the
45
nature of relationship between poverty, unemployment and growth in Nigeria?
(b) what steps should be taken to ensure that growth is such that brings about
decrease in unemployment and poverty in Nigeria?
REFERECES
Winstons, 1976).
46
Stone, E. Research method in organisational behaviour (Santa, Monica,
incorporated, 1995).
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous chapter, the research methods and procedures have been
handled. In this chapter the data presentation and analysis are to be done.
The data is to be presented by means of tables, two simple bar charts, one
histogram and one pie chart to make it amenable for further analysis. By
analysis, it meant the act of noting relationship and aggregating the set of
variables with similar attributes and also breaking the unit of their
47
In this research work, the researcher accepts the contention of Podsakoff
and Dalton (1995) that the factual information from the data can be used
Apart from the heading above, the other headings in this chapter includes:
1. Data presentation,
2. Percentage analysis
4. Hypothesis testing
TABLE 1
1 SEX FREQUENCY
Male 150
Female 50
Total 200
2 Marital status Angles
suspended
Married 130
in degree
Single 70
Total 200
3 AGE
21-30 years 90
31-40 years 90
41-50 years 10
51-60 years 10
Total 200
4 HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL
QUAIFICATION
48
DIPLOMA
OND 10 18
HND 30 54
FIRST DEGREE 80 144
SECOND DEGREE 20 36
ACA 40 32
TOTAL 20 36
200 360
The marital statuses of the 200 respondents, it is found that 130 of them
are married while 70 of them are single. For the ages of the 200
respondents they are 21-30 years, 31-40 years, 15-60 years with
qualification of the 200 respondents they are diploma, OND, HND, First
Degree, Second Degree, A.C.A. and they have frequencies of 10, 30, 80,
Figure 4.1 below shows the simple bar chart of the data on the sex of the
respondents
FIGURE 4.1: THE SIMPLE BAR CHART OF THE DATA ON THE SEX OF THE
RESPONDENTS MALE
160
150
150
FEMALE
140
130
120
110 50
100
90
80
70
49
From figure 4.1 above, it is shown that male respondents have the modal
Figure 4.2 below shows the simple bar chart of the data on the marital
FIGURE 4.2: THE SIMPLE BAR CHART OF THE DATA ON THE MARITAL
STATUSES OF THE RESPONDENTS
120
100
80
60
40
Frequency
20
0
MARRIED SINGLE
MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS
Frequency
MARITAL STATUS Percent
OF THE RESPONDENTSValid Percent Cumulative
Percent
modal frequency of 130 out of the 200 respondents while the single
80
60
40
Frequency
20
Std. Dev = .78
Mean = 1.7
0 N = 200.00
1.0 AGE
2.0OF THE RESPONDENTS
3.0 4.0
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
AGE OF T HE RESPONDENT
Valid 21 - 30 YEARS 90
S 45.0 45.0 45.0
From figure 4.3 above, it is shown that the age classes are 20.5-30.5
frequencies of 90, 10, and 10 out of 200 respectively. This shows that
Figure 4.4 below shows the pie chart of the data on the highest
Missing DIPLOMA
ACA
OND
SECOND DEGREE
Diploma, O.N.D, First Degree, Second Degree and A.C.A and the
53
subtend angles equal to 180, 540, 1440, 360, 720 and 360 and respectively
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
Table 2 below shows the percentage analysis of the responses to the yes
or no Questions.
S/N QUESTIONS YES % NO % TOTAL TOTAL
IN NUM. IN %
54
disturbances in the community?
7 Is unemployment a social 200 100 0 0 200 100
problem?
8 Can government do something 85 30 15 200 100
to reduce the rate of
170
unemployment in the country?
absolute numbers and percentages. The 200 respondents were asked if the
yes and 10 of them making 5% of them said no. The 200 respondents
sickness and mental disorder, 180 of them making 90% said yes and 20
of them making 10% of them said no. The 200 respondents were asked if
them making 50% said yes. The 200 respondents were asked whether
55
unemployment is one of the causes of youth disturbances in the
community. 160 of them making 80% of them said yes and 40 of them
100% of them said yes. The 200 respondents are asked if government can
them making 85% of them said yes and 30 of them making 15% of them
said no. The 200 respondents are asked if politics contribute to the cause
said yes.
Table: 3 below shows the analysis of the statuses of the 200 respondents
RESPONDENTS.
STAFF
JUNIOR STAFF 120 0.6
TOTAL 200 1
SOURCES: From the questionnaires administered.
56
From the table 3 above, it is shown that the 200 respondents has the
proportion of 0.4 for senior staff and 0.6 for the junior staff making a
proportion of 1 in all .
UNEMPLOYMENT
1. cost to individual
57
They have frequencies of 110and 90 respectively out of 200 making
40, 35, 30, 55 and 40 respectively out of 200 making proportions of the
control system
58
PACKAGING SYSTEM.
COMPONENT FREQUENCY PROPORTION
I: inputs 75 0.375
Ii: processing 85 0.425
units
Iii: outputs 40 0.20
TOTAL 200 1.000
59
4.5 HYPOTHESES TESTING
Three hypotheses are to be tested as follows, that the proportion of the
respondents that said yes is 90% when asked:
1. If UNEMPLOYMENT IS CAUSE BY INDIVIDUAL;
2. If UNEMPLOYMENT IS CAUSE BY GOVERNMENT REGULATION
3. If UNEMPLOYMENT IS CAUSE BY TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT
The alternative hypotheses in each case are that the proportion is greater
proportions is used.
calculated value is greater than the table value and so the null hypotheses
each case the proportion of the respondents who said yes is greater than
90%
60
REFERENCES
61
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 FINDINGS
Through this research, the researcher has been able to discover and
1. The unemployed are those who want and are able to work but who
no work, being available for work, and looking for a job or waiting for
4.
5.2 SUMMARY
62
According to Adrian Sinfield, when there is high unemployment
can develop a culture of despair. Lea and Young argue that this occurred
in some inner cities of Britain and helped cause the riots of the 1980s.
example,
(1) some unemployed graduates in this nation had poorer mental health
than employed ones; (2) in 1971 a study based on the British census
found a 20% higher mortality rate among the unemployed than among the
employed; (3) a 1982 study of Edinburgh found the suicide and attempted
employed men; (4) studies indicate that children of the unemployed are
not as tall as those of the employed. Such studies do not actually show
correlation. Chas Critcher, Bella Dicks and Dave Waddington in the early
63
Yorkshire using a questionnaire method. In both villages pit closure
men; wives of miners had to bear the brunt of family poverty and cope
with male despair. There were social and economic problems for the
of tax revenue, since people who are out of work do not pay taxes.
5.3 percent in 1986 and 7.0 percent in 1987, before falling to 5.1 percent
percent in 1985, 9.1 percent in 1986, 9.8 percent in 1987, and 7.3 percent
therefore rural unemployment figures were less accurate than those for
urban unemployment.
64
The International Labor Organization (ILO) is trying to do something
are looking for work, which would make the unemployment rate there 4.7
percent.
5.3 CONCLUSION
The unemployed can be distinguished from the much larger number who
employed and the unemployed, are not in the labour force. The employed
have jobs, although some may be temporarily absent from work because
of illness, strikes, bad weather, etc. Those not in the labour force do not
Because of the unemployment problem and all the evils that it brings
about, the large youth population is often considered more a burden than
a boon for the nation by the general people, but not so by the policy
believing that it is this youth who will change the future of the nation for
the better.
5.4 RECOMMENDATION
65
The trust for modernization in African countries has produced a variety of
economy. I.e. a technological shift can replace jobs that used to be held
unemployed moving from one job to another. At any one time there will
unemployed for half the season because there is a lack of demand for
66
them in a particular season. When the season of the job elapses, people
-Long term unemployed are those who have been out of work for 18
67
REFFERENCES
Department of Business
Administration Akwa Ibom State
Polytechnic
Continuing Education Centre
Km 3 Refinery Road,
Effurun-Warri
Dear sir/ madam,
QUESTIONNAIRE
You will no doubt share with me the conviction that a Higher National Diploma
student in the above department is researching on unemployment syndrome among
Nigerian graduates: effects and solution
Please take the little time required to complete the attached questionnaire.
Your responses are to be kept in the strictest confidence and share under no
circumstances to be divulged. They are to be combined with those of other subjects to
get composites and averages for writing up the researcher’s HND project.
Yours sincerely,
KATE OMEH.
68
APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRRE
Unemployment Syndrome among Nigerian graduates: Causes, effects and solution.
PERSONAL DATA
69
DATA ON UNEMPLOYMENT SYNDROME
Yes No
(8) Can government do something to reduce the rate of unemployment in the country?
Yes No
(9) Is unemployment a social problem?
expectation Yes No
(10) What are the steps to control unemployment in the country?
Steps
iv. Evaluating
70
vii. Modifying plans
YES
(12) Can we say that unemployment is one of the causes of youth disturbances in the
community?
Yes No
(13) What are the different types of unemployment that is prevalence in the country ?
TYPES
i. Frictional
unemployment
ii Employee Incentives
YES NO
(16) Can unemployment leads to sickness and mental disorder?
NO YES
YES NO
(18) Is there any relationship between poverty, unemployment and growth?
YES NO
(19) Can unemployment be caused by an individual?
NO YES
71
(20) Unemployment may impair the functioning of families
NO YES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Agbadudu, A.B. (1994). Statistics for Business and the Social Science
72
Paper presented in the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria
9, pp 1-10.
AICPA
73
21, 173-192.
Paula, F.C. and Attwood, F.A. (1993). Auditing Principle and Practices.
London: Pitman
Selltiz, C., and Wrightsman, L.S., and Croh, S.W. (1976). Research
]http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=CAUSES+OF+UNEMPLOYMENT&meta=
http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=CAUSES+OF+UNEMPLOYMENT&meta=
74
http://www.bizcovering.com/Business-and-Society/Causes-of-
Unemployment.42495
<a href="http://family.jrank.org/pages/1724/Unemployment-Consequences-
http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-
4732102/Employment-in-Nigeria-Brief-Article.html
http://www.photius.com/countries/nigeria/economy/nigeria_ec
onomy_unemployment.html
75