Malwa Institute of Science & Technology, Indore

Experiment No. 2
Aim: Study of two stroke petrol & diesel engine.
Apparatus required: Model of cross section of 2 stroke petrol engine.
Working:
In two stroke engines, the inlet, transfer & exhausted ports are covered &
uncovered by moving piston. The following operation takes place in two strokes or in one cycle of
the engine.
(1) Charge transfer & scavenging:
When piston is nearer to crankshaft (BDC), the transfer port is uncovered by piston. A
mixture of air & fuel (in case of petrol engine) /air (in case of diesel engine) as a charge,
slightly compressed in the crank-case, enters through the transfer port & drives out the
burnt gases of the previous cycle through the exhaust port. In two stroke engine, the piston
is made deflected. Therefore, the incoming charge is directed upward, aid in sweeping of
the burnt gases out of the cylinder. This operation is known as scavenging.
(2) Compression & suction:
As piston moves upward, both transfer port & exhausted port are covered by piston & the charged
(in case of petrol engine) /air (in case of diesel engine) trapped in the cylinder is compressed by
the pistons upward movement. At the same time, the partial vacuum is created into crank-case, the
suction port open by moving crank & the fresh charge enters the crank-case.
(3) Combustion & power:
Petrol Engine: When the piston reaches at its end of stroke nearer to cylinder head or at
TDC, a high intensity spark plug ignites the charge & initiates the combustion in the
cylinder. The burning of charge generates the pressure in the cylinder.
Diesel Engine: When the piston reaches at its end of stroke nearer to cylinder head or at
TDC, the fuel injector injects the fuel on the hot compressed air & initiates the combustion
in the cylinder. The burning of charge generates the pressure in the cylinder.

Malwa Institute of Science & Technology, Indore

(4) Exhaust:
As piston descends through about 80% of the expansion stroke, the exhaust port is
uncovered by piston, & the combustion gases leave the cylinder by pressure difference & at
the same time, underside of piston causes compression of charge taken in to crank-case.
Application:
a) 2 stroke engine are used, where simplicity & low cost is main considerations.
b) 50cc-70cc engines are used in mopeds.
c) 100cc-150cc engines are used in scooters & bikes.
d) Also used in small electric generator sets.