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Design of T-Beam
Effective Flange Width
Strength of T-Sections
Maximum Steel in T-Beams
T-Beams Design
Asst.Prof.Dr.Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
SURANAREE
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Rectangular Sections :
d
(
)
As
b
T Beams :
-
- #
d
As
bw
bf
N.A.
As steel area can
be increased easily
-
-
!
bE
bE
t
FLANGE
SLAB
h
WEB
s0 = clear span
bw
bw
s = span
0.85 f c
b
bE
0.85 f c
bE
L/4
= b w + 16t
s
0
Built-in L-section
bE
bE
bE
bw
s0
b w + L /12
= b w + 6t
b + s /2
w
0
bE
Isolated T-section
t
bE 4 b w
t bw / 2
bw
Continuous T-Beam
A
Compression Area
in Sections
?
Section A-A
Bending Moment
Diagram
Section B-B
Section C-C
As
bE
Behave as a rectangular
section: width = bE
Support section: B-B
As
bw
bE
A2/2
A2/2
A1
fc
kd
C2
C1
fc(kd-t)/kd
N.A.
As
s
T = A s fs
bw
Separate compression area into A1 and A2
Compression on A1
C1 =
1
f c bw kd
2
Compression on A2
C2 =
2kd t
f c ( bE bw ) t
2kd
From Fx = 0, T = C1 + C2
1
2kd t
f c bw kd +
f c ( bE bw ) t
2
2kd
A
f
Define: = s , m = s
bE d
fc
As f s =
bE d m f c =
1
2kd t
f c bw kd +
f c ( bE bw ) t
2
2kd
bw ( kd ) + 2t ( bE bw ) kd 2m bE d kd ( bE bw ) t 2 = 0
2
t
M c = 1
f c bt jd
kd
2
Steel:
M s = As f s jd
bE
fc
C
kd
t
d
As
T = As fs
bw
Behave as a rectangular
section: width = bE
[C = T ]
1
f c bE kd = As f s
2
[Check ]
kd =
2 As f s
t
f c bE
a t
bE
c = 0.003
t
N.A.
d
As
T = A s fy
s > y
bw
[C = T ]
0.85 fc bE a
As
a =
d - a/2
As fy
0.85 fc bE t
fy
As fy
t
0.85 fc bE
Mn = T (d a / 2) = C (d a / 2)
2 :
bE
t
A2/2
A1
bE
A2/2
A1
A2/2
A2/2
As
Asw
Asf
bw
bw
bw
C1 = 0.85 fc b w a
C2 = 0.85 fc (bE b w ) t
T = A s fy = C1 + C2
a=
T C2
0.85 fc b w
Mn = C1(d a / 2) + C2 (d t / 2)
4.1 #" " Mn !"( T $%
! ."
$/ 8 $(""
"
4 $("
""( fc = 240 ./2$.2
!
' fy = 4,000 ./2$.2
bE
12 cm
63.5 cm
As= 40.52 cm2
30 cm
(1)
!"# $%& '($$
)*#
L/4 = 800/4 = 200 2$.,
+)
2$.
bE = 200 %.
a t
T
162
=
= 3.97 2$. < 12 2$.
0.85 f c bE 0.85 0.24 200
OK
Ans
4.2 #" "!"( T
"."(
fc= 240 ./2$.2 !
' fy = 4,000 ./2$.2
80 cm
20 cm
A2/2
A1
0.85fc
cu=0.003
A2/2
C2
C1
N.A.
91 cm
As=85cm2
T
s > y
40 cm
(1) *"#$"%*9*&!
bE 4bw = 4(40) = 160 2$.
t bw 2 = 40 / 2 = 20 2$.
a t
T
340
=
= 20.8
0.85 f c bE 0.85 0.24 80
NG
M n = 177 91
+ 163 91
2
2
Ans
a t
"*$# '%"*$%:%$;
2 :
a>t
b =
bW
b
bE
b =
0.85 1 fc
fy
6,120
6,120 + fy
"*$# '%"*$%:%$;
b =
0.85fc ( bE bW ) t
fy
bW
( b + f )
bE
f = 0.85 fc ( bE bW )
t
fy bW d
'%"*$$%;
'%"*$%;
W =
As
0.75 b
bE d
0.8 fc
As
14
bW d
fy
fy
1.6 fc
fy
14
fy
Transverse reinforcement:
w
w
x
x
Vu
Mu
4.3 #
",2'(,
'$%;%;$.
!
(."
A2/2
A1
0.85fc
cu=0.003
A2/2
xb
ab
C2
C1
N.A.
91 cm
As
s > y
40 cm
(1)
(
%* xb
xb =
ab
%:%$;$"
6,120d
6,120(91)
=
= 55.0 cm
6,120 + f y
6,120 + 4, 000
Asb
.%:%$;$"
"*$# '%"*$%:%$;
Asb =
C 545.0
= 136.3
=
fy
4.0
2$.2
2$.2
+)
min As
Mn = C (d - t/2)
a
If Mn Mu / f then a t
OK
STEP 4.1
NG
STEP 4.2
section width bE or
Mu /
Mu /
required As =
( d a / 2 ) f y 0.9 d f y
bE
C2 = 0.85 f c ( bE bw ) t
M u / = C1 ( d a / 2 ) + C2 ( d t / 2 )
= 0.85 f c bw a ( d a / 2 ) + C2 ( d t / 2 )
- Solve quadratic equation for a
- Compute C1 = 0.85 f c bw a
- Required As = (C1 + C2) / fy
4.4
'%"*$" "!
( " +$$(,
"";
50
(-$(" +$$(, "";" 100 (-$(" fc= 240 ./2$.2, fy = 4,000 ./2$.2
(1) #" +$$(,("
Mu = 1.4(50) + 1.7(100) = 240 (-$("
("!
(2) *"#
Mn =
Mu
$
240
= 266.7 (-$("
0.9
")$+%$$;(*.
a=t
(
(-$("
(3) #"*$#
' As + " "%% (A1 A2)
a
a
20
a = 20.4
2$.
( 4.3
: 50
OK
= 80 . = 8 .
= 25 . As = 7.0 .2
d = 40 . fc = 45 ./.2 fs
= 1200 ./.2
%*.(
8 cm
4 cm
80 cm
C1 + C2 =
kd = 12 cm
d = 40 cm
As =
7.0 cm2
25 cm
C1 =
C2 =
1
2kd t
fc b w kd +
fc (bE bw )t
2
2kd
1
45 25 12 = 6,750 kg
2
2 12 8
45 (80 25) 8 = 13,200 kg
2 12
: 51
= 80 . = 8 .
= 25 . As
2
d = 40 . fc = 45 ./. fs = 1200
./.2 min As
80 cm
8 cm
min A s =
d = 40 cm
=
min As
: 57
14
25 40
2400
= 5.83 cm2
25 cm
14
bW d
fy
= 120 .
= 8 . = 30 .
As = 48.24 .2 d = 50 .
(Mu) = 50 - fc = 200
./.2 fy = 3000 ./.2 USD As
120 cm
8 cm
C = 0.85 fc bE t
)
a = t = 8 cm
d = 50 cm
As = ?
30 cm
a< t
50 105
Mu
*
(%
$ bE : Rn =
=
= 18.5 ksc
b d2 0.9 120 502
=
2mRn
1
1 1
m
fy
= 0.0065