Exothermic and Endothermic

Reactions

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Endothermic and exothermic reactions

Step 1: Energy must be
SUPPLIED to break
chemical bonds:

Step 2: Energy is RELEASED

when new chemical bonds are
made:

A reaction is EXOTHERMIC if more energy is RELEASED

than SUPPLIED. If more energy is SUPPLIED than is
RELEASED then the reaction is ENDOTHERMIC
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Energy
level

Energy level diagrams

Activation
energy

Using a catalyst
might lower the
activation energy

Energy given
out by
reaction

Reaction progress
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Endothermic process: a
change (e.g. a chemical
reaction) that requires (or
absorbs) heat.
Photosynthesis is an
endothermic reaction
(requires energy input
from sun)

Forming Na+
and Cl- ions
from NaCl is an
endothermic
process

Measuring Heat

Endothermic
reaction, heat
taken in &
temperature of
the substance
drops

reaction

Ammonium nitrate + water

Starting temperature 20 C

Add ammonium nitrate to water

a temperature decrease of 8 C

EXOTHERMIC & ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

Exothermic process: a
change (e.g. a chemical
reaction) that releases
heat.
Burning fossil
fuels is an
exothermic
reaction

Heat Released

reaction

Exothermic
reaction, heat
given off &
temperature of
substance
rises.

Exothermic vs endothermic:

EXOTHERMIC more
energy is given out than is
taken in (e.g. burning,
respiration)
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ENDOTHERMIC
energy is taken in but
not necessarily given out
(e.g. photosynthesis)

Examples
Exothermic
Combustion of fuels
Yeast & Hydrogen
Peroxide
Epson salts & water

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Endothermic

Photosynthesis
Acedic Acid &
Sodium Bicarbonate