Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
100C
(a) 491 W; (b) 169 h
512C, 518C
(a) 0.052C/s; (b) 48.4C
375 W, 1.8 10-4 W, 0.065 W
180 J, 1080 J, 5400 J
6380 kWh, $1150 or $383
(a) 1.4110-3 kg/s
(a) 4180 s; (b) 319 K, 359 K; (c) 830 K
(a) 0.0181 m3/s, 4.7 m/s; (b) 5.97 W
1822 kW
2360 W/m2, 6100 W/m2
(a) 32.5 kW/m2, 126 kW/m2, 17.6 K/s, 68.6 K/s
(a) 104 K/s; (b) 1251 K
(b) 383C
63 kg/s
(a) 700 A
144 J/kgK
$0.0087/day
(a) 0.084 K/s; (b) 439 K
4.9 h
(a) 60.610-3 kg/sm2, 121 g/m2; (b) 32.310-3 kg/sm2
(a) 1010 W; (b) 1310 W
49C
(a) 7.1310-3 m3/s; (b) 70C
(a) 47.0C or 39.9C
(a) 86.7C; (b) 47C
(a) 0.066 K/s; (b) 326 W, 451 W
(a) 26C; (b) 4.0 10-5 /s
12.1 W/m2K, 12.1 W/m2C
(a) 600 K
333 W/m2K
(a) 5500 W/m2; (b) 87.8C
(a) 5268 W; (b) 41C
345C
(a) 84C
(a) 190.6 W
(a) 153C; (b) 16 W/m2K
(a) 476 W/m2; (b) 45.6C; (c) 60%
CHAPTER 2
2.14 0, 80 K/m
2.15 14.85 K/m
2.17 (a) 15.0 W/mK, 400 K; (b) 70.0 W/mK, 380 K
2.18 (b) 5.9 10-3 W/mK, (c) 0.74 10-3 C, (d) 25.02C
2.19 1680 W, $1750; 252 W, $262; 16.8 W, $17.5
2.22 0.025 W/mK, 0.173 W/mK, 0.0158 W/mK
2.23 765 J/kgK, 36.0 W/mK
2.25 1490 W/m2
2.28 (a) 0, 1.785105 W/m; (b) 41.9 K/s
2.30 (a) 2105 W/m3; (b) 0, 10,000 W/m2
2.31 (a) 200 W/m2, 182 W/m2, 18 W/m2; (b) 4.3 W/m2K
2.32 (b) 2105 W/m3; (c) 5000 W/m2, 7000 W/m2; (d) 114 W/m2K, 219 W/m2K; (f) 2105
W/m3; (g) 30C, 6.24106 J/m2
2.34 (a) 1.25106 W/m3; (b) 130C, 104 K/m, 1.25105 K/m2; (c) 230C, 104 K/m, 1.25105
K/m2; (d) 230C, 2104 K/m, 2.5105 K/m2
2.49 (a) 0.20 m; (b) 0 W/m3; (c) 9724 W/m2, 733,200 W; (d) 52,800 W/m2, 366,600 W,
52,800 W/m2, 366,600 W
2.50 (d) 133C, 122C, 133.1C
2.52 (d) 94.3C, 52.5C
2.53 (a) 25C, 35C; (b) 50C, 30C; (c) 86.1C
2.56 (c) 18.0 kW/m2, 360 K/m; (d) 8.73106 J/m2; (e) 8.73106 J/m2
2.65 (a) 1.8106 W/m3; (c) 1.8105 W/m2; (d) 7.77107 J/m2
2.68 (b) 3.18108 W/m3, 1.59105 W/m2
CHAPTER 3
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
40 mm, $3132/yr
(a) 7.7C, 4.9C
(a) 1270 W/m2
77.8 W/m2, 26.6 W/m2
(b) 2830 W/m2
14.1 W/m2
1.58 mm from bottom
(a) 996 W/m2K, 0.40%; (b) 14.5 W/m2K, 37.9%
(a) 0.553; (b) 22.1C, 10.8C; (c) 56.3C
3113 W/mK
(a) 29.4 W
(b) 4.21 kW; (c) 0.6%
1.30 108 J
0.185 K/W
0.189 K/W
72.5 W/m2, 83.9 W/m2
2.07 W/mK
(b) 86 mm
333 W, 121 W
3.21 2.13
3.22 (b) 64 m, 8, 307 kW, 40%
3.23 (a) 0.0126 m, 0.151 m, 0.00095 m, 0.0168 m; (b) 573.5 K, 313.1 K, 573.5 K, 313.1 K; (c)
161 W, 40.4 W, 125 W, 12.0 W
3.24 (b) 526C
3.26 31,720 W/m2
3.27 (b) 49C; (c) 67,200 W/m2
3.28 4.54 104 W/m2, 68C
3.29 (a) 746 W
3.31 1123 W
3.32 (a) 1.97 106 K/W
3.33 (a) 0.358 W
3.34 0.022
3.35 0.0265 W/mK, 0.0414 W/mK
3.36 0.81 W/mK
3.37 1495 kg/m3, 880 J/kgK, 0.789 W/mK
3.39 (b) 3.61 kW
3.40 (b) 215 W
3.44 (a) 48.3 106 K/W; (b) 62.3C
3.45 (a) 603 W/m
3.46 0.784 m, 0.784 m, 0.068 m
3.47 (a) 70.5C, 151.8C
3.48 2376 W/m
3.50 (a) 13.9 W/m; (b) 8.33 W/m
3.51 (a) 214 mm, 420 W/m
3.52 (a) 251 W/m; (b) 23.5C
3.53 (a) 4 W/m, 1.27 106 W/m3; (b) 58C; (c) 37.6C, 34.8C
3.54 4.5 W/m, 13 mm
3.55 (b) 239C
3.56 (a) 47.1 W/m; (c) 3.25 h
3.58 (a) 779C; (b) 1153C, 779C; (c) 0.0175 m, 318C
3.59 (a) 3727 W/m, 163 W/m; (b) 0.26 yr
3.60 5 mm
3.61 (b) 1040 W/m, 407 K, 325 K
3.62 (a) 0.01 m; (b) 770 W/m, 909 W/m; (c) 55 mm
3.63 33,140 W
3.64 (a) 99.8%
3.65 (a) 80C
3.67 0.055 W/mK
3.69 5.34 mm
3.70 (a) 394 W, (b) 106C
3.71 25.4 mm, 95%
3.72 601 K
3.73 (b) 35.5 mW, 44.9 mW
3.74 (b) 3000 W/m2
3.76 (a) 2.189 m
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.89
3.91
3.98
3.99
3.100
3.101
3.104
3.105
3.108
3.109
3.110
3.113
3.114
3.115
3.117
3.120
3.124
3.126
3.127
3.129
3.130
3.131
3.132
3.133
3.134
3.135
3.136
3.137
3.138
3.139
77.9C
0.157 W
(b) 60C, 65C; (c) 200 W/m2; (d) 55C
519C
0.02C, 0.2C, 2.0C
(a) 38.7 W/m
(a) 4.0 106 W/m3, 15.3 W/mK; (c) 835C, 360C
(a) 50.2C
81.7 A, 4.23 m, 8.99 kW
(a) 130C; (c) 50C; (d) 180C
(a) 530C, 380C; (b) 328C, 290C
(b) 1458 K
(a) 6410 A; (b) 15,240 W; (c) 10,990 W/m, 11,350 W/m, 4250 W/m, 3890 W/m
(a) 938 K, 931 K; (b) 3 108 W/m3
(a) 75.8C, 58.4C; (b) 220C
(a) 39.7C; (b) 154C; (c) 454C
(a) 5.04C, 5.05C
63.6C, 140 W/m
510 nm
17.5 mm/min
(c) 17.2 W, 23.6 W
24.2 mm, 9.47 mm
(b) 164.3C, 145.1C
(b) 347C
1.35 106 K/W, 2.65 106 K/W
(a) 305C, (b) 272C
(b) 508 W
(c) 0.333, 607C
(a) 180%; (b) 29%
156.5C, 128.9C, 107.0C
(a) Case A: 151 W/m, 0.96, 20.2, 0.50 mK/W, 95.6C
Case B: 144 W/m, 0.92, 19.3, 0.52 mK/W, 96.0C
Case D: 450 W/m, 0, 60.0, 0.17 mK/W, 25C
29.6 mm, 26.3
(a) Case A: 151 W/m, 0.96, 20.1, 0.50 mK/W, 95.6C
Case B: 144 W/m, 0.92, 19.2, 0.52 mK/W, 96.0C
Case D: 450 W/m, 0, 60.0, 0.167 mK/W, 25C
Rectangular fin: 130 W/m, 0.98, 4.5 10-5 m2
Triangular fin: 117 W/m, 0.98, 2.3 10-5 m2
Parabolic fin: 116 W/m, 0.96, 1.5 10-5 m2
(a) 16.6 mm, 0.55; (b) 16.9 mm, 0.37
85.8 W
(a) 0.37 W; (b) 1.04 105 W
5.2 nm, 0.2 nm
16.6 W/mK
3.140
3.141
3.142
3.143
3.144
3.145
3.146
3.147
3.149
3.150
3.152
3.154
3.155
3.156
3.157
3.158
3.159
3.160
94.5C
5.6 kW/m
0.45 W/mK
(c) 2.70, 3.70, 0.19C, 0.14C
92.7C
2.6 W
(a) 1.097; (b) 0.480; (c) 1.097, 0.493; (d) 658 W, 288 W
141C
4.78
4.79
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.88
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
4S.1
4S.2
4S.3
4S.4
4S.5
4S.6
4S.7
4S.8
5.5
(a) 0.75 mm, 1.49 mm, 0.016, 0.032; (b) 1.43 mm, 0.00095; (c) 2.29 mm, 5.18 10-4; (d)
3.18 mm, 6.5 mm, 0.0036, 0.0073; (e) 2.17 mm, 6.5 mm, 1.05 10-4, 3.16 10-4; (f) 5 mm, 10 mm,
0.023, 0.045; (g) 50 mm, 100 mm, 2.3, 4.5
5.6
1122 s
5.8
35.3 W/m2K
5.9
7.04 h
5.10 0.13 m/s, 0.16 m/s
5.11 168 s
5.12 984 s, 272.5C
5.13 0.0041 m2K/W
5.14 0.43 s
5.15 550 s
5.16 968 s, 456C
5.17 407 10-6 s
5.18 (a) 84.1C, 83.0C
5.19 21.8 m
5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.71
5.72
5.73
5.74
5.75
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.88
5.89
5.90
5.91
5.92
5.95
5.96
5.98
5.99
5.100
5.101
5.103
5.105
5.107
5.111
5.113
5.117
5.118
5.121
5.123
5.125
5.126
5.127
5.128
5.130
5.132
5.133
5.134
5.135
5.139
5.141
5.143
5.145
5.146
5.147
5.148
(a) ~14.3 s
(b) 550 s
(a) 136 s; (b) 73 s
(b) 806 K, 1.17 s
~248 s
(a) 66C, 32C
(b) 158C
(a) 54.8C; (b) 54.7C
(a) 402.7 K, 368.7 K, 362.5 K; (d) 352.8 K, 325.8 K, 322.1 K, 370 s, 219 s
(a) 54 days; (b) 13 days
5S.1
5S.2
5S.3
5S.4
5S.5
5S.6
5S.7
5S.8
5S.9
5S.10
5S.11
5S.12
5S.13
5S.14
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.8
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.26
6.27
9200 W/m2
705 W/m2K, 171.4C/m, 17,060C/m
2.0
10.9 W/m2K, 1.0
1.33
67.35 W/m2K
(a) ~20 W/m2K, ~10 W/m2K, ~30 W/m2K
42.5 W/m2K
600 W/m2, 18.9 W
229, 924 W/m2K, 29 W
(a) 20.9 m/s
(a) 31.4 m; (b) 0.157 m
12.8 mm
7.95 m, 275 m, 0.056 m; 10.5 m, 20.9 m, 0.049 m
(b) 29.9 10-6 m2/s, 5.98 10-6 m2/s, 2.99 10-6 m2/s; (c) 5.23 m, 1.05 m, 0.523 m
0.43 m, 0.003 m
30 mm
40 W/m2K
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.57
6.58
76.9
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
6.70
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
2066 W
(a) 34.3 W/m2K; (b) 59.0 W/m2K
167, 64,400, 11,700
281, 284, 180, 465 Ws0.85/m2.7K
1.11
3802, 6.29104, 0.71, 0.068
(a) 5.83, 4,89; (b) 1.022, 0.87
2.0
6.69
(a) 4.0 m, 4.2 m
42.5C
(a) 47.2C; (b) 13.2 m/s
88.6
38.3 W/m2K
16.6 mm, 250 K
240 W
2.66 kW
0.714 N, 0.659 N
26.0 N/m2
0.785 N
4260 W/m2
14.3 W
1.55 10-3 m/s
(a) 0.0179 m/s; (b) 0.75 10-5 kg/s; (c) 5.31 10-5 kg/s
2.76 10-5 kg/sm2, 1.37 10-3 m/s
10-6 kg/sm2
0.025 m/s
385, 6.29 10, 0.62, 0.0073; 1613, 6.29 104, 2.56, 0.0187; 1.06 107, 1577, 6.74 105,
(a) 120 W/m2K; (d) 0.51 m/s
(a) 4.64 10-4 kg/s; (b) 1247 W
(a) 0.975 10-3 kmol/m3, 0.0258 atm; (b) 9.28 10-4 kg/sm2
(a) 1.63 10-4 kg/s; (b) 282.2 K
1.50 10-3 kg
359 W/m2K
(a) 25.8 m/s; (b) 25.2 W/m2K, 80.8 W/m2K, 162 W/m2K
(a) 0.031, 0.80; (b) 198 W/m2K; (c) 74%
2 10-3 kg/sm2
0.00395 m/s
(b) 9.92 W
7.78 km
(a) 7.25 10-6 kg/s; (b) 22.4 W, 2791 W/m2
(a) +795 W/m2, +131 W/m2, 563.1 W/m2; (c) 1227 W/m2
784 W
(a) 0.70 kg/h; (b) 85.6C
6.75
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
6.83
6.84
6.85
21.8 W
2950 W
(a) 4.7C; (b) 0.0238 m/s; (c) 16.2C
(a) 0.0142 bar, 0.214; (b) 0.225; (c) 0.242
357 10-6 W, 88.1 10-5 W, 122 K/s, 578 K/s; (b) 289 K, 304 K
0.218
(a) 22.7 W/m2K, 454 W; (b) 2.12 10-2 m/s, 3.32 kg/h; (c) 2685 W
(a) 0.172 m/s, 65.3 s; (b) 173 W/m2K, 77,500 W/m2; (c) 429C
(a) 6.71 10-3 m/s; (b) 8.97 W/m2K
(a) 0.0113 m/s; (b) 90 J
(b) 0.32 K/s
6S.2 40.83C
6S.3 (b) 1510 W/m, 453 kg/s2m
6S.4 (a) 34.2 N/m2, 0.738 N/m2; 6840 W/m2, 148 W/m2; (b) 1.37 106 W/m3, 2.95 104 W/m3;
(c) 34.0C, 30.5C
6S.5 (a) 0.0028, 0.0056, 13.4; (b) 3.38
6S.7 (b) 117C
6S.8 (a) 6.66 107 W/m3; (b) 1460 W; (c) 81.2C, 303C
6S.14 (e) 6.71 10-4 kg/s
CHAPTER 7
7.1
(a) 3.99 mm, 4.48 mm; 0.93 mm, 0.52 mm; 23.5 mm, 1.27 mm; 0.34 mm, 1.17 mm
7.2
(a) 0.147 m, 0.0143 m; (b) 1300 W/m2, 0.0842 N/m2; (c) 0.337 N/m, 5200 W/m
7.3
(a) 0.163 mm, 0.515 mm, 1.63 mm, 151 mm; (b) 2.82 N/m2, 0.893 N/m2, 0.28 N/m2, 0.409
m/s, 0.129 m/s, 0.0409 m/s
7.8
(a) 1.51 106 W/m3; (b) 153.6C
7.9
(a) 51.1 W, 12.2 W, 8.3 W, 255.3 W
7.10 17,420 W/m, 13,270 W/m, 8595 W/m
7.13 (a) 0.257 N, 8.13 W/m2K, 1950 W; 0.227 N, 7.16 W/m2K, 3440 W; (b) 0.620 N, 9050
W/m2K, 5430 W; 0.700 N, 12,600 W/m2K, 15,100 W
7.14 (c) 4110 W/m2K, 4490 W/m2K, 5070 W/m2K
7.15 3.2 105, 1.5 106
7.16 (a) 25C, 30.2C, 25C, 28.7C to 30.0C, 25C, 30.2C to 32.1C
7.17 (a) 37.0 W; (b) 301.6 W
7.18 (a) 44.7C, 13.7 W; (b) 38.0C, 14.1 W
7.19 (a) 14.3 W, 125.9C
7.20 (a) 33.8C, 797 W; (b) 675 W; (c) 90.6 kW
7.21 1570 W
7.22 48.5 W/m2K
7.23 (b) 4%
7.24 6780 W, 0.26C/s
7.25 (a) 8.73 W/m2K, 14.5 W/m2K, 11.1 W/m2K
7.26 (a) 5830 W/m
7.27 29C
7.28 (b) 188C
7.29 46.2C
7.30 (a) 23.4 W, 28.2C; (b) 271 W, 72.6C; 105 W, 200C
7.31 (b) 256C; (c) 210C
7.32 4.66 K/s, 2.33 K/s, 1.91 m
7.33 (b) 0.47; (c) 0.47
7.34 (a) 1253 W/m2K, 2.51 kW, 0.097 N; (b) 1372 W/m2K, 2.74 kW, 0.110 N; (c) 3562
W/m2K, 7.12 kW, 1.379 N; (d) 4024 W/m2K, 8050 W, 1.615 N
7.35 (a) 27.7C; (b) 108C
7.36 (a) 64C; (c) 6.6 m/s
7.37 3158
7.38 47.1C
7.39 (a) 98.3C, 17.1 W/m2K; (b) 86.1C
7.40 (a) 30.8 W/m2K, 56.7 W/m2K; (b) 0.633, 0.555
7.41 (a) , 2.61 W/m2K; , 2.74 W/m2K; (b) 4.22 W/m2K, 5.41 W/m2K
7.42 3.84 m/s
7.43 (a) 55 W; (b) 39 W
7.44 0.28 W, 0.69 W
7.45 0.66 W, 0.60 W
7.46 (a) 71.1 W/m, 20.4 kW/m, 1640 W/m
7.47 2.16 N/m, 450 W/m
7.48 (a) 185 W/kg; (b) 236 W/kg
7.49 (a) 603 K; (b) 200 s
7.50 (a) 562 K; (b) 155 s
7.52 117 W
7.53 (a) 2.33 W; (b) 37.4 mm; (c) 64.0; (d) 328%
7.54 (a) 235 W/m2K; (b) 0.87 W; (c) 1.02 W
7.55 (a) 1012C, 1014C
7.56 (a) $0.415/md; (b) $0.363/md
7.57 613 s
7.58 (b) 73.8 m/s
7.59 (b) 195 mA
7.61 (a) 0.20 m/s; (b) 2.80 104 W/m2, 52%
7.62 5.84 W, 3.73 W
7.63 (a) 7.19 W, 5.77 W; (b) 6.02 mm
7.65 (a) 27.6C; (b) 27.6C
7.66 (a) 45.8C; (b) 68.3C
7.67 (a) 0.924 W
7.68 (a) 3640 W/m
7.69 452.2 K
7.70 (b) 18.7 mm
7.71 (a) 12.8 s
7.72 (b) 340C; (c) 309C
7.73 (a) 3.24 K/W, 3.06 K/W, 2.88 K/W, 2.41 K/W, 2.07 K/W; (b) 3.24 K/W, 2.95 K/W, 2.70
K/W, 2.16 K/W, 1.80 K/W; (c) 1.86 K/W, 1.74 K/W, 1.63 K/W, 1.48 K/W, 1.99 K/W;
7.74
7.75
7.76
7.77
7.78
7.79
7.80
7.81
7.82
7.83
7.84
7.85
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.91
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.95
7.96
7.98
7.99
7.100
7.101
7.102
7.103
7.105
7.106
7.107
7.108
7.109
7.110
7.111
7.112
7.114
7.115
7.116
7.117
7.118
7.119
7.120
7.121
7.122
7.123
7.124
7.125
7.126
7.127
7.128
7.129
7.130
7.131
7.132
7.133
7.134
7.135
7.136
7.138
7.139
7.140
7.141
7.142
7.143
7.144
7.145
7.146
7.147
7.148
7.149
8.1
0.041 m/s, -0.86 10-5 bar/m
8.2
0.0215 bar
8.3
(a) 0.289 bar, 1.42 kW; (b) 0.402 bar, 1.97 kW
8.4
(a) 53.8 bar, 146 W
8.5
(c) 96; (d) 2.12 m/s, 1332
8.6
(a) 0.033 m/s, 0.038 m/s, 0.037 m/s, 2.1 m, 0.03 m, 1.3 m, 3.97 m, 10.1 m, 0.025 m; (b)
0.0063 kg/s, 0.464 m, 2.72 m, 0.0059 kg/s, 1.72 m, 2.3 m, 0.0056 kg/s, 0.73 mm, 4.65 m, 38 mm,
5.74 m
8.7
367 K
8.8
0.50 m/s, 20.0C
8.9
0.84 MPa, 0.46 MW, 0.46C
8.10 (c) 0.46C
8.12 (b) 44.2C
8.17 (b) 60.8C
8.18 (a) 471 W, 113.5C, 60C, 153.5C; (b) 353 W, 90.2C, 20C, 150.2C
8.19 (a) 376 W, (b) 369 W
8.20
8.21
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
8.37
8.38
8.40
8.41
8.42
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
8.56
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
8.65
8.66
8.67
8.68
8.70
8.71
8.72
(b) 308 K
8
(c) 6018 W
(a) 35C, 16,000 W
(a) 28.4C, 44.9C; 73.3C, 64.5C;73.3C, 65.1C
12,680 W/m2, 121C, 52.7C
90 kg/h, 1360 W
26.8 m
(a) 7.16 W
13.7 m, 0.077 W
(b) 1266 s
(a) 1.56 m, 28.3 days
(a) 466 kW/m2; (b) 201C; (c) 8.1 m
(a) 10.6 m
$0.411/md
(a) 8.87 m, (b) 52.6C
99C, ~5 atm, 1.14 10-3 kg/s
(a) 81.7C; (b) 9.1 10-4 bars, 0.19 W
(a) 63C; (b) 66.1C
(a) 29.9C, -1212 W, 4.03 N/m2
1 m, 30,700 W/m2
0.11 m
0.39 m
7840 W/m2, 7040 W/m2
(a) 42.2C, 7500 W, 1.29 h; (b) 0.324 h
(a) 506.1 K,; (b) 302.1 K
(a) 323 K; (b) 325 K
(a) 585C
(a) 1400 K; (b) 5.22 10-2 kg/s, 890 K
(a) 198C, 71 N/m2, 221 W; (b) 195C, 119 N/m2, 415 W
(a) 85.6C, 661 W
(a) 100 kW; (b) 2.67 kW
343 W/m
80.3 W/m
(a) 543C, 232C
81.4C
(a) 37.1C; (b) 47.4C
(a) 98.5 m; (b) 10.6 m
(b) 111C, 9.1 106 W
(a) 35.1C; (b) 95.8C; (c) 96.9C
33.5C, 33.8C
43.6C, 44.6C
(a) 10 kW; (b) 3.4 m
(a) 409 W/m2K; (b) 93.4 W/m2K; (c) 76.1 W/m2K, 15C
9.3 m
15.7C, 438 W
8.125
8.126
8.127
8.128
8.129
2.2 m
(a) 3.78 m; (b) 46.7 W
(a) 8.7 mm Hg, 0.0326 kg/m3; (b) 3.2 10-5 kg/s
(a) 0.0050 m/s; (b) 0.134 liter/day
(d) 0.0181 kg/m3
CHAPTER 9
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
9.20
9.21
9.22
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.41
9.42
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
9.54
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.66
9.68
9.69
9.70
9.71
9.72
9.73
9.74
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.79
9.80
9.81
9.82
9.83
9.84
9.85
9.86
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90
9.91
56.7C, 4.30 K/W, 3.56 K/W, 0.30 K/W, 4.2 10-3 K/W
45.3C, 1007 W
(a) 2.91 105 W; (b) 8.53 104 W, 1463 K; (c) 0.13 m
(a) 251 W; (b) 179 s
(a) 42.9 min; (b) 11.0 min
(a) 4.0 W/m2K; (b) 3.2 W/m2K; (d) 45.7C, 34.0C
(a) 18.9 W; (b) 174C
(a) 3.71 W/m2K, 44.5 W/m; (b) 4.50 W/m2K, 54.0 W/m; (c) 4.19 W/m2K, 50.3 W/m
21.6 kW
57C
780 W/m
698 W/m
395 K
(a) 929 W/m; (b) 2340 W/m; (c) 187 W/m
(a) 56.8C; (b) 1335 W; (c) 7.27 h
103 W/m
(a) 50.8 W/m, 0.953; (b) 56.9 W/m , 0.948
79C
64.8C
(b) 8 W/m2K, 30.2 W/m
(a) 2.04 W; (b) 1.97 W
$0.53/md
581C, 183 s
(a) 207 W/m2K; (b) 387 W/m2K
(b) ~1.1 h
(a) 9.84 W/m2K; (b) 32.1 W/m2K; (c) 221 s; (d) 245 s
(a) 163 W/m, 41.7C; (b) 60.8C, 12.5C, 52.8 W/m
(a) 45.8 m, 7
(a) 33.3 kW; (b) ~855 s, 9.07 kg
(a) 13.6 W/m2K, 4.7 W/m2K, 70.2C, 20.5; (b) 70.7C, 18.1
4
(c) 0.17 m/s, 0.00185 m/s
(a) 1.55 W; (b) 187 W; (c) 57.0 W
7.12 mm, 63.1 W
91.8 W
(a) 7.2 W, $0.22
(a) 28.8 W
8.13 mm, 19, 380 W
(a) 18.0 W; (b) 19.6 mm
26.3 kW/m
7 mm
61 W
75.5 W/m
84 W/m2
(a) 429 kg; (b) 105 106 J, 0.102; (c) 33.4 kg
(a) 124 W/m2; (b) 146 W/m2; (c) 26 W/m2
9.92
9.93
9.95
9.96
9.97
9.98
9.99
9.101
9.102
9.103
9.104
9.105
9.106
9.107
9.110
9.111
9.112
9.114
9.116
9.117
9.118
W
9.119
9.120
(a) 1.57
(a) 525 W/m2; (b) 4; (c) 101 W/m2
(a) 9.1C, -9.6C, 35.7 W
(a) 74%, 35.4C
43.9 W, 28.3 W
(a) 466 W
(a) 44.9 W/m; (b) 47.3 W/m
43.4 W/m
28.9 mm
(a) 30.7C; (b) 0.685 m/s
260 mm
463 W/m
2.88 h
0.022 kg/s
2.02 m/s
(a) 54.6 W/m; (b) 72.3 W/m; (c) 70.7 W/m; (d) 235 W/m
(a) 55.1C
7.2 kW, -0.28C/s
43.9 W, 47.9 W
6.21 10-5 kg/sm
(a) 9.18 W; (b) 6.04 105; (c) 4.47 W/m2K; (d) 0.00398 m/s, 1.44 kg/day, 40.2 W; (e) 59
1253 MW, 246 MW, 1105 MW
77 A, 102 A
CHAPTER 10
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.23
10.24
10.26
10.28
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.40
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
10.45
10.46
10.47
10.49
10.50
10.51
10.52
10.54
10.55
10.57
10.58
10.59
10.60
10.61
10.62
10.63
10.64
10.65
10.66
10.67
10.68
10.69
10.70
10.71
10.72
10.73
55.4C
(a) 73.8C, 82C; (b) 1.13 105 W/m2
0.81 MW/m2
(a) 0.0131; (b) 144.6C, 182.1C
(a) 180 W/m2K, 0.067; (b) 300C
835 W
(a) 858 kW/m
1.34 MW/m2, 2048 K
(a) 907 W/m, 1.4 kg/hm; (b) 107.6C, 1.4 kg/hm
(b) 82%
0.475 MW/m
(a) 146 kW/m2
4.16 104 W/m2
0.18 s, 38.0 s
68.0 kW/m
(a) 197C, 0,672; (b) 691C
(a) 35.6C; (b) 54.0C
3.03 mm, 3.65 mm, 4.93 mm, 2.14 mm, 1.43 mm
1.11 10-3 kg/s
6.69 mm, 1.29 10-3 kg, 9.7 10-2 kg
16.0 kW, 7.1 10-3 kg/s
40.3 kW, 17.7 10-3 kg/s
(a) 78C
(a) 1.04 MW, 0.435 kg/s; (b) 0.96 MW, 0.402 kg/s
2.20 kW, 2.43 10-3 kg/s
(a) 637 kW/m; 0.267 kg/sm
6.3 MW/m, 2.51 kg/sm
(a) 48.6C, 4270 W/m, 0.0018 kg/sm
19.1 kW, 8.39 10-3 kg/s
28.3 kW/m, 1.16 10-2 kg/sm
1.27 10-2 kg/sm, 30.9 kW/m, 9%
(a) 144 mm
(a) 530 kg/hm
24,200 W/m2K, 8990 W/m2K, 70.8C
(a) 0.0118 kg/s, 7.98 10-3 kg/s; (b) 50.6C, 55.4C; (c) 6.23 m
2.78 10-3 kg/s
2.0 s, 3.91 10-5 kg
0.0080 kg/s, 0.0020 kg/s; 0.0086 kg/s, 0.0014 kg/s
7100 W/m2K, 9.0 10-3 kg/sm
(a) 43,300 W/m2K, 0.0546 kg/sm
(a) 2570 W/m2K, 283, W/m, 1.19 10-3 kg/sm
144,900 W/m2K, 7.56 10-4 kg/s
(a) 89.4C, (b) -79C
2.11 W, 0.033 m2
(a) 114.0C; (b) 80.9C, 2.6 10-4 kg/s
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
11.51
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
11.69
11.70
11.71
11.72
11.74
11.75
11.76
11.77
11.78
11.79
11.81
11.82
11.83
11.84
11.85
11.86
11.87
11.89
11.90
11.92
11.93
11.94
12.25 279 K
12.26 3.93 MW
12.27 (a) < 1%; (b) < 8%
12.28 0.50 m, 1.16 m, 1.93 m, 9.50 m, 48.3 m; 0.125, 0.366, 0.509
12.29 (a) 0.0137, 0.376; 0.359, 0.132
12.30 (a) 9.84 kW/m2, (b) 6.24 kW/m2
12.31 (a) 0.689 m, 1.127 m; (b) 0.142; (c) 429 W/m2
12.32 278.4 W
12.33 (b) 0.90 K, 7.1 K
12.37 (a) 0.25, 2.27 105 W/m2
12.38 (a) 66.2 W/m2; (b) 8.76 m
12.39 0.636, 76.9 kW/m2
12.40 300 K
12.41 1.45
12.44 0.28, 6500 W/m2
12.45 (c) 995.3 K
12.46 (a) 3.3%, 5.3%; (b) 10%
12.47 0.373, -5.78 K/s, 311 s
12.48 34.7 kW/m2
12.49 (b) 7500 W/m2; (c) 2250 W/m2; (d) 0.30
12.50 (a) 0.50, 0.60; (b) 3.62 105 W/m2, 5.44 105 W/m2; (c) 0.126 W/m2m; (d) 10.3 m
12.51 (a) 0.383; (b) 0.958, 0.240
12.52 515 W/m2, 1306 W/m2, 1991 W/m2, 3164 W
12.53 (a) 90; (b) 106
12.54 2.51 10-6 W
12.55 1479 W
12.56 (a) 0.774; (b) 0.1
12.57 (a) 0.45; (b) 0.56; (c) -22,750 W/m2
12.58 (a) 0.311; (b) 74,750 W/m2; (c) -60,750 W/m2
12.59 (a) 0.669; (b) 0.745; (c) 111 kW/m2; (d) 176 kW/m2
12.60 (a) 1.76 10-4 W; (b) 0.384 10-4 W
12.61 (a) 0.00099; (b) 0.295; (c) 0.861
12.62 (a) 0.839, 0.568; (b) 0.329, 0.217
12.64 (b) 0.599, 0.086, 0.315; (c) 1; (d) 615 W/m2
12.65 0.85, 0.85, 3.9 106 W/m2, 4.6 106 W/m2, 4.6 106 W/m2; 0.297, 0.106, 137 W/m2, 4.6
106 W/m2, 1.38 106 W/m2
12.67 (a) 0; (b) 0.5
12.68 (a) 0.574; (b) 0.145; (c) 0.681, 0.539
12.69 0, 0.3, 0.7, 0.303, 606 W/m2, 952 W/m2K
12.70 (a) 0, 577.4 K; (b) 0.89, 0.10; (c) 5600 W/m2, 630 W/m2; (d) 0.89, 0.10
12.71 (b) 1.42 105 W/m2
12.72 (a) 0.720; (b) 0.756; (c) -11.8 kW/m2
12.73 (a) 0.225, 0.388, 0.5; (b) 443 kW/m2
12.74 29.2 W, 344 K
12.75 (a) 0.748; (b) 29.6C; (c) 402 W/m2
12.76 (a) 117C
13.31
13.32
13.33
13.34
13.35
13.36
13.37
13.38
13.39
13.40
13.41
13.42
13.43
13.44
13.45
13.46
13.48
13.49
13.50
13.51
13.52
13.53
13.54
13.55
13.56
13.58
13.60
13.61
13.62
13.63
13.64
13.65
13.66
13.67
13.68
13.69
13.70
13.71
13.72
13.73
13.74
13.75
13.76
13.77
13.78
13.79
11.87 kW
(c) 17 kW/m2; (d) 635 W
63.8 W/m2
(a) 1.19 W; (b) 1.48 W
(a) 69 mW; (b) 934.5 W/m2; (c) 1085 W/m2; (d) 1085 W/m2
(a) 507 K
(a) 308 K
774 K
(a) 48.8 K/s; (b) 15 s; (c) 14.6 s, 12.0 s, 6.8 s
1680 W/m, 2508 W/m, 916 K
(a) 109.7 W/m, 110.1 W/m; (b) 98.5 W/m, 103.8 W/m
(a) 14.2 kW/m2, (b) 56.7 kW/m2; (c) 14.2 kW/m2; (d) 42.5 kW/m2
(a) 1.58 W; (b) 0.986
133 W/m2, 3.76 W/m2, 7.31 W/m2
46.2 kW/m2, 0.814
(a) 0.963
(a) 0.105; (b) 0.092; (c) 0.052
30.2 W/m
(a) 30.13 W; (b) 30.65 W; (c) 31.41 W; (d) 55.8 W/kg, 79.2 W/kg, 75.1 W/kg
(a) 15.2 W/m
66.4C, 71.4C
69C
1.14 10-4 kg/s
(a) 1995 W; (b) 191 W; (c) 983 W, 1.5%
548 K, 474 K
0.138
(a) 338 K; (b) 25.3 W/m2
90 mW
9
0.50 W/m, 49%
472C
1225 K, 1167 K
(a) 896 K, 986 K; (b) 950 K, 990 K
423 K
10.1 kW/m
(a) 10.6 kW/m2, 16.6 kW/m2
3295 W
(a) 169 kW/m; (b) 1320 K
(a) 1.83
(a) 8520 W/m; (b) 732 K
12.6 kW/m2
(a) 9870 W/m; (b) 853 K
(a) 25.3 kW; (b) 18.2 kW
(a) 1228 K; (b) 1117 K
(b) 43.8 kW, 764 K
266 W/m
13.80 0.033 mm, 0.045 mm, 0.059 mm, 300 K, 389 K, 488 K
13.81 1046 W
13.82 (a) 37 W/m; (b) 9.2%
13.83 (b) 1.32 W
13.84 (a) 1842 W; (b) 1840 W
13.85 538 W, 603 W, 1141 W
13.87 31.1 W, 656 K
13.88 611 K
13.89 200 W, 5037 W, 4799 W, 0 W, 0 W
13.90 317 W
13.91 1.42 104 W
13.92 (a) 41.3 kW; (b) 6.55 kW
13.93 (a) 1/6, 5/6, 0.0471, 0.0471, 0.953, 0.191, 0.762; (b) 1188 K, 20 W
13.94 (a) 1153 W; (b) 0.57 K/s; (c) 715 K
13.95 (b) 842.5 K
13.96 65.35 W, 52.83 W
13.97 (a) 14.0C, 8.6C
13.98 (a) 54 kW/m; (b) 1346 K, 25.7 kW/m
13.99 (a) 373 K, 0.76; (b) 388.4 K, 1.84; (c) 361.6 K, 0.40
13.100 4600 W, 64 W/m2K
13.101 106 W/m2, 82.3 W/m2, 83.2 W/m2; 97.5 W/m2, 66.5 W/m2, 67.7 W/m2
13.102 (a) 29.5 W/m, 482 K; (b) 441 W/m, 352 K
13.103 (a) 35 W/m2K; (b) 484 K
13.104 (a) 792.2 K, 792 K; (b) 783.2 K, 783 K
13.105 526 K
13.106 6.38, 1.59, 0.709
13.107 (a) 577 K; (b) 156 W/m; (c) 3120 W
13.108 (a) 289.4 W/m2; (b) 376.2 W/m2; (c) 328.7 W/m2
13.109 (b) 366 K, 1920 W/m2; 598 K, 10,850 W/m2
13.110 5700 K/W
13.111 19.2 W
13.112 (a) 145 W/m2; (b) 306 W/m2; (c) 165 W/m2, 156 W/m2
13.113 (a) 8.8C, 7.4C, 91.3 W
13.114 669 W/m2, 199 W/m2
13.115 (a) 131 W/m
13.116 59.5C, 89 W/m
13.117 (a) 466 W, 1088 W
13.118 (a) 54.6 W; (b) 413 K
13.119 (a) 30 W/m2
13.120 (a) 8075 W/m; (b) 796 K, 10 kW/m
13.121 (a) 19.89 W/m2; (b) 100.6 W/m2; (c) 122.1 W/m2
13.122 0.023 kg/s
13.123 (a) 3.45 m; (b) 0.88 m
13.124 (b) 1295 K, 498 K; (c) 8 kW/m
13.125 (b) 1213 W/m; (c) 576 W/m; (d) 502 K
13.126 (a) 178 W/m2K, 543 K, 0.098 kg/s; (b) 0.140 kg/s
0.233, 0.767
(b) 0.31, 0.27, 0.42; 0.35, 0.40, 0.25
0.04 kmol/m3, 1.78 kg/m3, 0.5, 0.61; 0.04 kmol/m3, 1.13 kg/m3, 0.5, 0.39
0.0837, 0.1219 kg/m3, 0.0406 kmol/m3, 35.8 kg/kmol, 0.0146 kg
0.36 10-4 m2/s, 0.52 10-4 m2/s
3.14 10-15 kmol/s
(a) 1.087 10-8 kmol/s; (b) 1.107 10-8 kmol/s
0.257 kg/m2h
1.5 10-8 kmol/m2s
(a) 14.7 10-12 kg/s; (b) -3.5 10-7 bar/s
(a) 0.0189, 0.0120, 1, 1; (b) 0.205, 0.226, 5.53 10-6, 9.83 10-6
1.39 10-6 kmol/sm
(a) 1.31 10-9 kmol/m2s; (b) 0.0807 kmol/m3, 0.0404 kmol/m3
4.05 10-9 kg/s
1.9 10-14 kg/sm
4 10-15 kg/s
(a) 1.91 10-3 kmol/m3bar; (b) 0.32 10-16 kmol/s; (c) 0.32 10-16 kmol/s; (d) 0
0.0034
0.022 kg/h
0.10, 5.61 10-5 kg/s
6.66 10-9 kmol/s
0.0008, 7.48 10-8 kmol/sm2, 2.24 10-7 kmol/sm2
(c) 3 10-5 kmol/m3
(c) 5.11 10-6 kmol/m3, 2.18 10-15 kmol/s
(b) 0.02 kmol/m3; (d) 9.60 10-5 kmol/m2s
(b) 5.38 10-11 kmol/sm2
(b) 9.08 10-7 kmol/m3
333 s
0.02 s
(a) 9.7 ms; (b) 1.17 ms
14.43
14.44
14.45
14.46
14.47
14.49
14.51
14.52
14.53
14.54
14.56
8.42 h
(b) 0.0314
(a) 60.9 g; (b) 703 g
(a) 2071 days; (b) 198.3 kg/m3; (c) 198.3 kg/m3
(b) 0.023
3940 s
(a) 32 kg/m3; (c) 42.9 h
(a) 32 kg/m3; (c) 42.9 h; (d) 218 h
3.3 10-3 kmol/m3bar, 8.5 10-13 m2/s
(a) 0.0778 kmol/m3, 1.24 10-4; (b) 0.0117 kmol/m3, 1.9 10-5; 0.0346 kmol/m3, 5.5 10-5
(a) 2.5 m; (b) 1.7 h; (c) 3.9 h