THE EXPERIENCE OF JATROPHA CURCAS

DEVELOPMENT ON BAUXITIC SOILS

David Allorerung
Pusat Penelitian Tanaman Perkebunan
Badan Litbang Pertanian

Jln Tentara Pelajar No 1 Bogor

Tlp. 0251-336194
d51allorerung@yahoo.com
 BACKGROUND
NATIONAL FIGURES

• FF PRICE : > US $ 135/Barrel

• FF NATIONAL PRODUCTION : DECREASING
• DEMAND FOR FOSIL FUEL : INCREASING
• DEPOSIT : LIMITED; NOW INDONESIA NET IMPORT
INCREAS
• BUDGET FOR SUBSIDY : LIMITED; DECREASING

ALTERNATIF FUEL
• FOSIL FUEL PRICE • RENEWABLE
•GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY • ECO-FRIENDLY
• PRICE COMPETITIVE

• ENVIRONMENT
• HEALTH
 PALM OIL OR COCONUT FOR BIODIESEL ?
THEORITYCALLY: CPO AND CCO READY FOR
BIODIESEL
AT PRICE OF CPO USD 400, MAY NOT
CPO PRICE COMPETIVE FOR BIODIESEL IN
DOMESTIC MARKET, BUT STILL PRICE
WISE FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKET..

1. EDIBLE OIL
BIODIESEL
2. FOOD INDUSTRY
3. NON FOOD INDUSTRY
NEW PRODUCT TRADISIONAL

CPO SUPLY

INDONESIA ( 42 %) MALAYSIA ( 46 %)

OTHERS ( 12 %)
 Jatropha curcas
WHY JATROPHA CURCAS ?

NON-EDIBLE OIL
POSSIBLE FOR SEVERAL MIXCROPPING PATTERN
ONE OF THE ALTERNATIVE PLANTS IN MARGINAL SOIL AND DRAY REGION
POSSIBLE FOR CONSERVATION PLANT
PRODUCTIVE PERIOD UP TO > 30 YEARS
ADDITIONAL INCOME FOR FARMERS IN MARGINAL AND/OR DRAY REGION
CULTIVATION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES ARE RELATIVELY SIMPLE
POSSIBLE FOR HOUSEHOLD OR RURAL SCALE BUSSINESS
 KEY FAKTORS
1. LAND AVAILABILITY:
• SUITABILITY (SOIL, CLIMATIC, TOPOGRAFI)
• SOCIAL
• COMPETITIVENESS ADVANTAGE WITH OTHER
COMMERCIAL CROPS

1. ECONOMICS FEASIBILITY:
• GENETICS POTENSIAL
• CULTIVATION COST (FERTILIZER, HARVESTING, ECT.)
• PRODUCTIVITY
• CJO OR ENERGY PRICE (INC. GOVERNMENT POLICY)
 ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENT

CLIMATE
RAINFALL:
200 - 2000 mm/th (Heller, 1996)
480 - 2380 mm/th (Jones and Miller,
1992)
> 250, optimal 900 – 1200 mm/th
(Becker & Makkar, 1999)
> 600 mm/th: tumbuh normal
(Henning, 2004)
 CLIMATE (CONT.)
• ALTITUDE: 0-1700 m dpl
• TEMP: 11-38 oC
• DRUGHT SEASON: ALL LEAF DROPS,
• HIGH INTENSITY RAINFALL: PROBABLY
LOW PRODUCTION
• WELL DISTRIBUTION RAINFALL > TOTAL
• IRIGATION: 3 – 4 FLOWERING
GROUGHT IMPACT IN ASEMBAGUS 2006
 SOIL

ALL SOILS TYPE

OPTIMUM ON SANDY LOAMY
SOILS
GOOD DRAINAGE AND AERATION
IN TOLERANT TO FOODING OR
SATURATED SOILS
TOLERANT TO ACIDIC AND
ALKALINE SOILS (OPT. 5.5 – 6.5)
HIGH CONTENT ORGANIC
MATTER
 SOIL (CONT.)

CAN GROW ON GRAVELLYL,

SANDY, CLAY, AND TIN TOP
SOILS (Jones dan Miller, 1992)

STUNTED IN HEAVY EROSION

SOILS
EXPERPERINCE ON BAUXITIC SOIL IN RIAU
ILAND PROVINCE
 LOCATION:
• VILLAGE : PANTAI GELAM, BULAN ISLAND
• SUB DISTRICT : BULANG,
• DISTRICT : BATAM
• PROVINCE : RIAU ISLANDS
 ZIZE OF AREA :
• PHASE I : 16.5 Ha
• PHASE II : 13.5 Ha
 OWNERS : PT. POULTRINDO LESTARI
 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

Soil Characteristics
Sample Texture pH
SAND LOAM CLAY H2O KCl
1987 S-1: 0-15 21 34 45 4.5 3.8

15 - 30 14 29 57 4.5 3.8

30 - 45 10 31 59 3.5 3.8

S-2: 0 - 15 99 1 1 4.7 4.1

15 – 30 75 10 15 4.9 4.1
30 - 45 75 10 15 4.9 4.0
2008: 0-15 46 8 46 4.4 3.8
15 - 40 40 12 48 4.0 3.7
> 40 39 12 49 4.2 3.8
CONT. ………………………………….

O.MATTER P HCl 25 %
SAMPLE
C N P-Bray I Retensi P P K
1987 S-1: 0-15 2,47 0,19 10,6 12 7
15 - 30 1,5 0,13 4,5 13 8
30 - 45 0,85 0,09 2,2 5 4
S-2: 0 - 15 0,76 0,04 4,9 2 7
15 – 30 0,46 0,02 4,5 2 5
30 - 45 0,27 0,01 4,0 2 4
2008: 0-15 2,17 0,17 56,5 8,2 29 10
15 - 40 0,77 0,07 4,9 - 4 4
> 40 0,45 0,04 3,9 - 3 6
 Lanjutan ………………………………….

CATION
SAMPLE
Ca Mg K Na H SUM
1987 S-1: 0-15 0,27 0,23 0,07 0,00 0,13 0,7
15 - 30 0,10 0,10 0,11 0,02 0,22 0,55
30 - 45 0,10 0,16 0,07 0,07 0,20 0,6
S-2: 0 - 15 0,10 0,11 0,11 0,02 0,06 0,4
15 – 30 0,05 0,07 0,07 0,00 0,09 0,28
30 - 45 0,15 0,05 0,05 0,02 0,08 0,35
2008: 0-15 2,79 0,41 0,09 0,03 0,25 3,57
15 - 40 0,92 0,12 0,03 0,01 0,53 1,61
> 40 1,14 0,02 0,06 0,02 0,46 1,7
Lanjutan ………………………………….

CEC
CEC B-SAT E-CEC EX. Al Al-Sat.
1987 S-1: 0-15 11,75 5 0,7 1,99 74.0
15 - 30 10,21 3 0,55 2,07 79.0
30 - 45 8,25 7 0,6 1.97 76.7
S-2: 0 - 15 4,35 7 0,4 0,90 69.2
15 – 30 3,40 5 0,28 1,00 78.1
30 - 45 2,90 11 0,35 1,24 78.0
2008: 0-15 7,48 44 3,57 1,69 32.1

15 - 40 4,62 23 1,61 2,42 60.0

> 40 6,82 18 1,7 2,17 56.1
 RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS

RAINFAAL AVERAGE/YEAR : 2500 – 3000 mm

DRAY MONTH ( < 100 mm) : 2 – 3 M/Y (FEB. – APR)

 LAND PREPARATION

 PLOUGHING
 HERROWING
 HOLE FOR PLANTING
40 X 40 X 40 Cm
 HERBISIDE 2 WEEK
BEFORE PLANTING
 PLANTING MATERIAL

SOURCE : CRIEC
VARIETY : IP-2P
 PLANTING AND FERTILIZING
 PLANTING DATE: 23 JAN – 26

 ORGANIC MATTER: PIG MANURE

• SOLID PHASE : 5 Kg/PLANT
• LIQUID PHASE : +/- 10 LITRE/HOLE
SOLID MANURE

 Chemicals Fertilizer:
• TCP : 50 g/PLANT
• UREA : 12.5 g/PLANT
• kcL : 12.5 g/PLANT

JANUARY, 23- 2008

LIQUID MANURE
 MAINTENANCE
WEEDING :
• MANUAL 1.5 - 2 MONTH AFTER
PLANTING
• HERBISIDE : 6 – 8 MONTH

FERTILIZING: 4 3
1.5 MONTH
• UREA : 12.5 g/PLANT
• KCl : 12.5 g/PLANT 2
8 MONTH 1
• UREA : 25 g/PLANT
• KCl : 25 g/PLANT
CANOPY DESIGN : 3 – 4 4 BRANCHES
BRANCHE/PLANT
PLANT PERFORMANCE

BRANCHES AND VIGOURSITY

8 APRIL 2008
8 APRIL 2008
FOWERING AND FRUIT SETTING

Branches : 3 – 4/plant
BUNCHES : 25 – 30 /PLANT
FRUIT : 110 – 160/PLANT

2 APRIL 2008
SEED PROCESSING
 FACILITY AVAILABLE
FIELD EQUIPMENT:
TRACTOR (2 UNIT)
TRUCK
PICK UP

IRIGATION FACILITY:
POOL 20 X 15 X 2 M
WATER PUMP

SEED PROCESSING FACILITY:

DECORTICATOR MACHINE : 300 Kg/H
DRAYING BUILDING AND SELECTION : 8 X 12 M
PACKAGING ROOM : 6 X 6 M
STORAGE ROOM WITH AC : 5 X 6 M