Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

I.

Cell reproduction in unicellular and multicellular organisms

A. Unicellular organisms reproduce by _______________________(binary
____________)
B. Multicellular organism process of ____________ and ____________
depend upon ________________________, also upon the production of
sex cells
II.
Why are cells small?
A. Diffusion limits the size of some cells
1. Essential substances must ________________ into the __________ and
wastes must diffuse out of the cell.
2. The small size of the cell ensures that materials can _____________
_____ ___________________
B. The cells DNA
1. Most cells have only __________nucleus
2. It must have enough __________in order to ____________________ the
cell
3. Larger cells may have ____________ than one nucleus
4. Surface area to volume ratio
i.
The __________increases faster than the area
ii.
If size of the cell doubles, the cell would require 8 times
more nutrients
III. Chromosomes
A. Chromosomes are __________________ of genetic material found in the
nucleus
B. They are made up of _____________
C. The information is ________________and ________________on to future
generations
D. Chromosomes usually exist as ___________________
1. Chromatin consists of long, winding strands which _____________
into chromosomes before they divide
E. The human chromosome # is _________in body cells, and ________ in
sex cells.
IV. The cell cycle
A. The cell cycle is a sequence of _________________ and
____________________ of the cell
B. It consists of two periods
1. Interphase:__________________________________________________
__

2. Mitosis:
______________________________________________________
V.

The Steps of Mitosis:

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

A. Prophase
1. During prophase, the chromatin ______________ into
________________________
2. The chromosome is held together by a
______________________________
3. The nucleus _______________________
4. Centrioles move to ___________________________ poles of the cell
5. The centrioles form the mitotic ___________________ which helps to
pull apart the chromosomes.
B. Metaphase
1. During metaphase, chromosome ___________________ in the middle
of the cell
2. A spindle now forms across the cell
C. Anaphase
1. During anaphase, the chromosomes ____________into
_______________________
2. The spindle fibers _____________________
3. This process pulls apart the chromosomes into chromatids
D. Telophase
1. During telophase, the _____________________________ reach their
poles
2. The chromosomes ____________________ into _____________________
3. The spindle fibers __________________________ __________________
4. The nucleolus and _________________________ form
5. The plasma membrane begins to pinch inward
E. Cytokinesis
1. This is the _______________________of the cytoplasm.
2. This phase continues until two __________________
_________________________cells are formed.