I would like to express my sincere thanks to my exceptional learned mentor, Mrs

Julie who inspired me to carry out the project. Her guidance enabled me to think
logically and produce good results. I am also thankful to my affectionate labor
atory technician for her co-operation and help without which I would not have co
mpleted my experiment successfully.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS BONAFIDE RECORD HAS BEEN DONE BY ROLL NO.----------IN THE SCHOOL LABORATORY DURING THE YEAR 2014-2015.

INDEX
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AIM
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
CALCULATIONS
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF ERROR

AIM....
TO INVESTIGATE THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION, ON THE ANGLE
OF INCIDENCE , USING HOLLOW PRISM FILLED WITH DIFFERENT TRANSPARENT F
LUIDS.

INTRODUCTION
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REFRACTION: THE PHENOMENON OF BENDING OF LIGHT FROM ITS STRAIGHT LINE P
ATH ON THE SURFACE OF SEPERATION OF TWO OPTICAL MEDIA IS KNOWN AS REFRACTION OF
LIGHT.
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LAW OF REFRACTION( SNELLS LAW) : THE RATIO OF THE SINE OF THE ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE TO THE SINE OF ANGLE OF REFRACTION IS CONSTANT FOR A GIVEN PAIR OF ME
DIA AND FOR A GIVEN COLOUR OF LIGHT. SYMBOLICALLY,

( = REFRACTIVE INDEX)
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REFRACTIVE INDEX: REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A MEDIUM FOR A GIVEN WAVELENGTH
OF LIGHT IS DEFINED AS:
=
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AY.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE: THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE INCIDENT RAY AND THE NORMAL R

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ANGLE OF DEVIATION:THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE INCIDENT RAY AND THE EMERGENT R
AY IS CALLED THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION DENOTED BY LETTER D OR d .
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MINIMUM DEVIATION:WHEN A PRISM IS SO PLACED WITH RESPECT TO THE INCIDEN
T RAY THAT THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION PRODUCED BY IT IS MINIMUM, THEN THE PRISM IS S
AID TO BE IN THE POSITION OF MINIMUM DEVIATION.
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DISPERSION: THE PHENOMENON OFSEPERATION OF WHITE LIGHT INTO ITS COMPO
NENT COLORS DUE TO VARIATION IN VELOCITIES OF DIFFERENTCOLORS WHILE PASSING TH
ROUGH THE PRISM IS CALLED DISPERSION OF LIGHT.
REQUIREMENTS
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DRAWING SHEET
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DRAWING BOARD
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PINS
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PENCIL
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HOLLOW GLASS PRISMS
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GLYCERINE
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VINEGAR
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WATER
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PROTRACTOR
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RULER

PROCEDURE
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FIX THE SHEET OF WHITE PAPER ON THE DRAWING BOARD WITH DRAWING PINS.
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PLACE THE PRISM FILLED WITH LIQUID ON THE PAPER AND TRACE ITS BOUNDARY AB
C .
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MARK A POINT O ON ONE OF THE REFRACTING SURFACES AND DRAW A NORMAL TO THE
SURFACE AT THIS POINT.
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DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE PQ CORRESPONDING TO INCIDENT RAY DRAWN AT A SUITABLE
ANGLE WITH THE NORMAL.
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FIX TWO PINS P AND Q ABOUT 5CM APART ON THE INCIDENT RAY LINE AN VIEW ITS IM
AGE WITH ONE EYE CLOSED FROM THE SIDE AC OF THE PRISM. FIX TWO PINS R AND S SUCH THAT
THE TIPS OF THESE PINS AND THE TIPS OF THE IMAGES OF THE INCIDENT RAY PINS P , Q LIE
IN THE SAME STRAIGHT LINE.
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ENCIRCLE THE PIN PRICKS ON THE PAPER. REMOVE THE PINS P , Q AND ALSO ENCIRCL
E THEIR PIN PRICKS.
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JOIN POINTS S AND R AND PRODUCE IT BACKWARDS TO MEET THE INCIDENT RAY PQ PROD
CED. THUS, RS IS THE EMERGENT RAY CORRESPONDING TO THE INCIDENT RAY PQ . DRAW ARROW H
EADS TO SHOW THE DIRECTION OF THE RAYS.
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MEASURE THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION d WITH