INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION
1700-1900

Revolution Began in Britain

Industrial Revolution: Great increase in the

output of machine-made goods.

Wealthy landowners fenced off their property

making very large farms.

Enclosures
New crops and ways of farming.
Raised the amount of crops that were harvested.
Crop rotation: plant crops that will replace
nutrients other crops take away.

The improvement in farming meant:

Less farmers were needed.

Living conditions improved.
Population increased.
More food and clothes were needed.

Why Britain?

Surplus of natural resources.

Industrialization: process of developing
machine production of goods.

Needed:
Water

or coal for fuel

Iron ore
Rivers for transportation
Harbors for ships.

Factors of Production: resources needed to

produce goods.

Inventions lead to more

inventions

Textiles- first to be improved.

Flying shuttle
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Spinning Mule
Led manufactures to open factories near
water.
Cotton imported from American Colonies\
US

Transportation

Steam Engine- Engine run by steam.

Robert Fulton placed a steam engine of a

ship, first steam powered ship.

Entrepreneur: a person who organizes,

manages, and takes on the risks of a
business.

Led countries to build canals.

Better roads were built out of stone.

Private companies built roads and charged

a toll for using them.

Railroads!!!

1804 first steam driven locomotive.

Railroads allowed

People and goods to be moved further and

faster.
People could take jobs in cities because
they had transportation.
People had access to goods they did not
before.

Industrialization

1800s: People were earning more in

factories than farms.

People could eat better and wear better

clothes.
Moves the population towards the cities.
Urbanization: movement of people to the
cities.

Living Conditions

Factories were built close to water.

City populations grew faster than cities
could.

Led to overcrowding, poor sanitation,

sickness and disease spread.
Wealthy merchants built large fancy homes
and lived very well.

Working Conditions

14 hour days, 6 days a week

Dirty, dark, dangerous

Government provided no compensation for

injuries.
Women and children also worked.

Class Tensions

Middle Class- skilled workers,

professionals, wealthy farmers
Working Class- Angry over losing their
jobs to machines.

Luddites- attacked factories to destroy

machinery. Workers also rioted.

Positives of Industrialization

Created jobs
Made countries wealthy
Encouraged progress
Hope of improvement to peoples lives.
Healthier diets
Better housing
Cheaper clothes

Reforms of Industrialization

Differing beliefs on Industrialization

Laissez-faire let do: let business owners

set working conditions without interference.
Capitalism: factors of production are
privately owned and money is invested in
business to make a profit.
Both

systems eliminate government

involvement because paying workers more and
providing safer working conditions would lower
profits.

Utilitarianism: People should judge ideas

and actions based on their usefulness.
Government is only useful if it promotes
this goal.
Utopian Ideas: Improve working
conditions and ban child labor to make a
perfect world for everyone.
Socialism: factors of production are
owned by the public and operate for the
welfare of all.

Marxism

Karl Marx introduced a radical type of

socialism.

Wrote the Communist Manifesto

Argued the Industrial Revolution had
enriched the wealthy and impoverished the
poor.
Wanted

the poor to overthrow the wealthy.

Believed capitalism would destroy itself.
Workers would control the government.
Marx described Communism as complete
socialism where all industry would be controlled
by the people.

 Marxist

ideas led to some uprisings that were

quickly put down in the 1800s.
In the 1900s: Lenin (Russia), Mao Zedong
(China), Castro (Cuba) all believed in Marxs
communist ideas and led revolts.

Can

Marxism work? No. Factors besides the

economy influence reforms. Religion,
nationalism, ethnic loyalties.

Labor Unions and Reform

Due to low pay and unsafe working

conditions, workers became more
political and formed labor unions.

Unions represent all the workers in a

specific trade.
Participate in collective bargaining and
negotiations.
Union workers have the right to go on strike
or refuse to work.

 Skilled

workers had the strongest unions

because they were difficult to replace.
Governments saw unions as a threat to social
order and outlawed unions and strikes.
In the US workers formed the American
Federation of Labor (AFL). Several strikes
earned them higher wages and shorter hours.

Labor unions forced political leaders to

look at poor working conditions.

Great Britain (1833)

Limit

child labor.
Limit jobs women and children could be forced
to do.
Limit a womens workday

US (1904)
Limit
Are

working hours.

these changes good for the family??

More reform.

Slavery

Abolished in GB in 1833
Abolished in US in 1865
Other

countries followed

Women

Formed unions
Fought for equal rights
Fought for the right to vote

Reforms will continue in all aspects of

life, this time period will become known
as the Progressive period.