Convective heat transfer coefficients

during air flow over short cylinders

Introduction
Effect of flow and body properties studied.
Body properties include shape, dimension and
position.
Flow properties include air velocity and
turbulence intensity.
Application in cooling of various food products.
In literature mainly infinite cylinders were
studied.
In practical application short cylinders are
generally present.

Cases of study

H/D of cylinder 0.25-1.20 corresponding to

different food products.
Body shapes like truncated cone, square section
etc used.
Effect of body position studied in detail for
cylinders.

Earlier studies
Elliptical and circular cylinders of H/D 3 were studied.
Turbulence intensity also had considerable effect on h.
This effect increases with velocity.
Let h0 be mean htc at Tu0.

U is the mean air velocity , A,B,m,n are parameters.

Values of B and m were same for eliptical and circular
cylinders.
A and n depended on shape.
For pork hindquarter B and m were different.
This indicated B and m could vary with h/d.
It was proposed m=1-n.

Studies continued
Only H/D<0.2 and >1 for cylinders were studied before.
For H/D from 7 to 1 Quarmy and Al Fakhri (1980) proposed

From H/D 7 to 1 h increased max 17% at high velocities.

This showed effect of H/D was lesser.
Igarashi(1985) determined h for square prisms with H/c
5,7.5,10
His result is

Procedure
Transient method gives mean htc on regular
shaped bodies.
Sample was cooled to 5oC and reheated.
Air temperature was constant (about 35oC).
Air and body temperatures measured every 30s
using thermocouples.
From energy balance,
Air flow velocity was varied from0.4 to 5m/s.
Tu was also varied from 1% to 32% using
perforated plates to study its effect.

Results
Effect of flow properties
Heat transfer increased with Tu
This increase was higher for higher U.
The coefficients A,B,m,n were found
by minimising error between
experimental and calculated values.
Effect of body properties
Shape,angle and H/D were analysed for laminar
flow.
For H/D<1.2 effect of H/D was high.

 Cylinder and cone had similar h

H of square bar is lowest.
The effect of angle depends on H/D and shape

Turbulent Flows
The effect of H/D,shape,angle was very less.
In nondimensional form we can express.

Conclusions
The effect of air velocity and Tu on h can always
be described by

Parameters could be calculated from few

experiments.
H also depends on shape,h/d,angle.
They have less effect compared to flow
properties.
Effect decreases with turbulence.