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SPRINGER TEXTS IN STATISTICS JIM PITMAN PROBABILITY Instructor’s Manual Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg © 1993 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA.-Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaption, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter is forbidden. H ©1993 Springer-Verlag New York. Inc. Section 1.1 1. a) 2/3 b) 65.67% ) 0.6667 4) 4/7) 87.14% f) 0.5714 2. a) 7/30 4/10 = 04 3. a) Ifthe tickets are drawn with replacement, then, as in Example 3. there are n? equally likely outcomes, There is just one pair in which the frst number is 1 and the second number is 2, 50 P(fist ticket is 1 and second ticket is 2) = 1/n?. 'b) The event (the numbers on the two tickets are consecutive integers) consists of n — 1 outcomes: (1.2), @.3), «+ (1 1.n). So its probability is (n —1)/n°, ©) Same as Problem 3 of Example 3. Answer: (1 ~ 1/n)/2 7 b)4/10=0. 4) If the draws are made without replacement, then there ate only n? ~ m equally likely pos ble outcomes, since we have to exclude the outcomes (1,1), (2,2). .-» (non). So replace the denominators in a) through ¢) by n(n — 1) 4 a) 238 b) 1 - (2/38) = 36/38 6) 1, since P(both win) 5. a) #{total) = 52 x 51 = 2652 possibilities. 2b) list card ace) = 4 x 51 = 204, Thus (first card ace) = 4/52 = 1/13 €) This will be exactly the same calculation as in part b) — just substitute “second” for “frst®. ‘Thos, P(second card ace) = 1/13. Because you have all possible ordered pairs of cards. any probability statement concerning the fist card by itself must also be true for the second card by itself, 4) P(both aces) (both aces} tots ¢) Plat least one ace) = P(first card ace)4+P(second card ace)~P(both cards aces) = + — a 6. a) 82x52= 2704 b) (52 x 4)/(82 x 82) = 1/13 ¢) Same as b) d) (4 x 4)/(62 x 52) = 1/169 @) Plat least one ace) = P(first card ace)+P(second card ace)~ P(both cards aces) P(both dice < 2) = 4/36 = 1/9 b) P(maximum < 3) = P(both dice < 3) = 9/36 = 1/4 ©) P(maximum P(maximum < 3) — P(maximum e el ie een ) Probability 1/36 | 3736 | 3736 | 7736 | 9/36 | 11/36 €) Since this covers all the possible outcomes of the experiment, and these events are mutually exclusive, you should expect P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(A) + P(S) + P(6) = 1 a) Plmaximum < 2) 8, acd) Asin Example 3, the outcome space consists of n? equally likely pairs of numbers, each number between 1 and n. The event (the maximum of the two numbers is less than or equal to z) is represented by the set of pairs having both entries less than or equal to z. There are =? possible pairs of this type, so for ¢ = 0 ton: P(maximum

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