08 - Device Coordination PDF

Protective Device Coordination
ETAP STAR
Copyright 2004 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Protective Device Coordination
Slide 1
Agenda
OC Protective Device Coordination
Concepts & Applications
STAR Overview
Features & Capabilities
Protective Device Type
TCC Curves
STAR Short-circuit
PD Sequence of Operation
Device Libraries
Slide 2
Definition
Overcurrent Coordination
A systematic study of current responsive
devices in an electrical power system.
Slide 3
Objective
To determine the ratings and settings of
fuses, breakers, relay, etc.
To isolate the fault or overloads.
Slide 4
Criteria
Economics
Available Measures of Fault
Operating Practices
Previous Experience
Slide 5
Design
Open only PD upstream of the fault or
overload
Provide satisfactory protection for overloads
Interrupt SC as rapidly (instantaneously) as
possible
Comply with all applicable standards and
codes
Plot the Time Current Characteristics of
different PDs
Slide 6
Analysis
When:
New electrical systems
Plant electrical system expansion/retrofits
Coordination failure in an existing plant
Slide 7
Protection vs. Coordination

Coordination is not an exact science
Compromise between protection and
coordination
Reliability
Speed
Performance
Economics
Simplicity
Slide 8
Protection
Prevent injury to personnel
Minimize damage to components
Quickly isolate the affected portion of the system
Minimize the magnitude of available short-circuit
Slide 9
Spectrum Of Currents
Load Current
Up to 100% of full-load
115-125% (mild overload)
Overcurrent
Abnormal loading condition (Locked-Rotor)
Fault Current
Fault condition
Ten times the full-load current and higher
Slide 10
Coordination
Limit the extent and duration of service
interruption
Selective fault isolation
Provide alternate circuits
Slide 11
Coordination
C
t
D B
A
A
C
Slide 12
Equipment
Motor
Transformer
Generator
Cable
Busway
Slide 13
Capability / Damage Curves

2
It
I2t
I2t
I22t
Motor
Gen
Xfmr
Cable
Slide 14
Transformer Category
ANSI/IEEE C-57.109
Minimumnameplate (kVA)
Category Single-phase Three-phase
I
5-500
15-500
II
501-1667
501-5000
1668-10,000 5001-30,000
III
IV
above 1000 above 30,000
Slide 15
Infrequent Fault Incidence Zones for Category II & III Transformers

Source
Transformer primary-side protective device
(fuses, relayed circuit breakers, etc.) may be
selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve
Infrequent-Fault
Incidence Zone*
Category II or III Transformer

Fault will be cleared by transformer
primary-side protective device
Optional main secondary side protective device.
May be selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve
Fault will be cleared by transformer primary-side
protective device or by optional main secondaryside protection device
Feeder protective device
Frequent-Fault
Incidence Zone*
Fault will be cleared by

feeder protective device
Feeders
* Should be selected by reference to the frequent-fault-incidence protection curve or for

transformers serving industrial, commercial and institutional power systems with secondary-side
conductors enclosed in conduit, bus duct, etc., the feeder protective device may be selected by
reference to the infrequent-fault-incidence protection curve.
Source: IEEE C57
Slide 16
Transformer
FLA
200
t
(sec)
Thermal
I2t = 1250
(D-D LL) 0.87
Infrequent Fault
(D-R LG) 0.58
Frequent Fault
Mechanical
K=(1/Z)2t
Inrush
2.5
Isc
25
I (pu)
Slide 17
Slide 18
Transformer Protection
MAXIMUM RATING OR SETTING FOR OVERCURRENT DEVICE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
Over 600 Volts
Over 600 Volts
600 Volts or Below
Transformer
Rated
Impedance
Circuit
Breaker
Setting
Fuse
Rating
Circuit
Breaker
Setting
Fuse
Rating
Circuit Breaker
Setting or Fuse
Rating
Not more than

6%
600 %
300 %
300 %
250%
125%
(250% supervised)
More than 6%
and not more
than 10%
400 %
300 %
250%
225%
125%
(250% supervised)
Table 450-3(a)
source: NEC
Slide 19
Protective Devices
Fuse
Relay (50/51 P, N, G, SG, 51V, 67, 46, 79, 21, )
Thermal Magnetic
Low Voltage Solid State Trip
Electro-Mechanical
MCP
Overload Heater
Slide 20
Fuse
Non Adjustable Device
Continuous and Interrupting Rating
Voltage Levels
Characteristic Curves
Min. Melting
Total Clearing
Application
Slide 21
Total Clearing
Time Curve
Minimum Melting
Time Curve
Slide 22
Current Limiting Fuse

(CLF)
Limits the peak current of short-circuit
Reduces magnetic stresses (mechanical
damage)
Reduces thermal energy
Slide 23
Peak Let-Through Amperes
Let-Through Chart
15% PF (X/R = 6.6)
230,000
300 A
100 A
12,500
60 A
5,200
100,000
Symmetrical RMS Amperes

Slide 25
Fuse
Generally:
CLF is a better short-circuit protection
Non-CLF (expulsion fuse) is a better
Overload protection
Slide 26
Selectivity Criteria
Typically:
Non-CLF:
140% of full load
CLF:
150% of full load
Slide 27
Molder Case CB
Thermal-Magnetic
Types
Magnetic Only
Frame Size
Integrally Fused
Trip Rating
Current Limiting
Interrupting Capability
High Interrupting
Capacity
Voltage
Slide 28
Thermal Maximum
Thermal Minimum
Magnetic
(instantaneous)
Slide 29
LVPCB
Voltage and Frequency Ratings
Continuous Current / Frame Size
Override (12 times cont. current)
Interrupting Rating
Short-Time Rating (30 cycle)
Fairly Simple to Coordinate
Slide 30
LT PU
CB 2
CB 1
CB 2
LT Band
480 kV
ST PU
CB 1
IT
If =30 kA
ST Band
Motor Protection
Motor Starting Curve
Thermal Protection
Locked Rotor Protection
Fault Protection
Slide 32
Motor Overload Protection

(NEC Art 430-32)
Thermal O/L (Device 49)

Motors with SF not less than 1.15
125% of FLA
Motors with temp. rise not over 40

125% of FLA
All other motors

115% of FLA
Slide 33
Locked Rotor Protection

Thermal Locked Rotor (Device 51)
Starting Time (TS < TLR)
LRA
LRA sym
LRA asym (1.5-1.6 x LRA sym) + 10% margin
Slide 34
Fault Protection
(NEC Art 430-52)
Non-Time Delay Fuses
300% of FLA
Dual Element (Time-Delay Fuses)

175% of FLA
Instantaneous Trip Breaker

800% of FLA*
Inverse Time Breakers

250% of FLA
*MCPs can be set higher

Slide 35
(49)
2
IT
tLR
O/L
MCP
(51)
ts
Starting Curve
MCP (50)
LRAs
LRAasym
200 HP
Overcurrent Relay
Time-Delay (51 I>)
Short-Time Instantaneous ( I>>)
Instantaneous (50 I>>>)
Electromagnetic (induction Disc)
Solid State (Multi Function / Multi Level)
Application
Slide 37
Time-Overcurrent Unit
Ampere Tap Calculation
Ampere Pickup (P.U.) = CT Ratio x A.T. Setting
Relay Current (IR) = Actual Line Current (IL) / CT
Ratio
Multiples of A.T.
CT
IL
= IR/A.T. Setting
= IL/(CT Ratio x A.T. Setting)
IR
51
Slide 39
Instantaneous Unit
Instantaneous Calculation
Ampere Pickup (P.U.) = CT Ratio x IT Setting
Relay Current (IR) = Actual Line Current (IL) / CT
Ratio
Multiples of IT
CT
IL
= IR/IT Setting
= IL/(CT Ratio x IT Setting)
IR
50
Slide 40
Relay Coordination
Time margins should be maintained between T/C
curves
Adjustment should be made for CB opening time
Shorter time intervals may be used for solid state
relays
Upstream relay should have the same inverse T/C
characteristic as the downstream relay (CO-8 to
CO-8) or be less inverse (CO-8 upstream to CO-6
downstream)
Extremely inverse relays coordinates very well with
CLFs
Slide 41
Fixed Points
Points or curves which do not change
regardless of protective device settings:
Motor starting curves
Transformer damage curves &
inrush points
Cable damage curves
SC maximum fault points
Cable ampacities
Slide 42
Situation
4.16 kV
CT 800:5
50/51
Relay: IFC 53
CB
Cable
CU - EPR
1-3/C 500 kcmil
Isc = 30,000 A
DS
5 MVA
6%
Calculate Relay Setting (Tap, Inst. Tap & Time Dial)

For This System
Slide 43
Solution
Transformer:
5,000kVA
= 694 A
3 4.16kV
5
IR = IL
= 4.338 A
800
IL =
I Inrsuh = 12 694 = 8,328 A

Set Relay:
IL
IR
R
CT
125% 4.338 = 5.4 A

TAP = 6.0 A
TD = 1
(6/4.338 = 1.38)
Inst (50) = 8,328
5
= 52.1 A => 55 A
800
Slide 44
Question
What is ANSI Shift Curve?
Slide 45
Answer
For delta-delta connected transformers, with
line-to-line faults on the secondary side, the
curve must be reduced to 87% (shift to the
left by a factor of 0.87)
For delta-wye connection, with single line-toground faults on the secondary side, the
curve values must be reduced to 58% (shift
to the left by a factor of 0.58)
Slide 46
Question
What is meant by Frequent and
Infrequent for transformers?
Slide 47
Answer
Infrequent Fault Incidence Zones for Category II & III Transformers
Source
Transformer primary-side protective device
(fuses, relayed circuit breakers, etc.) May be
selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve
Infrequent-Fault
Incidence Zone*
Category II or III Transformer

Fault will be cleared by transformer
primary-side protective device
Optional main secondary side protective device.
May be selected by reference to the infrequent-faultincidence protection curve
Fault will be cleared by transformer primary-side
protective device or by optional main secondaryside protection device
Feeder protective device
Frequent-Fault
Incidence Zone*
Fault will be cleared by

feeder protective device
Feeders
Slide 48
Question
What T/C Coordination interval should be
maintained between relays?
Slide 49
Answer
B
t
CB Opening Time
+
Induction Disc Overtravel (0.1 sec)
+
Safety margin (0.2 sec w/o Inst. & 0.1 sec w/ Inst.)
I
Slide 50
Question
What is Class 10 and Class 20
Thermal OLR curves?
Slide 51
Answer
Class 10 for fast trip, 10 seconds or less
Class 20 for, 20 seconds or less
There is also a Class 30 for long trip time
Slide 52
Answer
Slide 53

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Protective Device Coordination

Protection vs. Coordination

Capability / Damage Curves

Infrequent Fault Incidence Zones for Category II & III Transformers

Category II or III Transformer

Fault will be cleared by

* Should be selected by reference to the frequent-fault-incidence protection curve or for

(D-D LL) 0.87

Not more than

Current Limiting Fuse

Peak Let-Through Amperes

Symmetrical RMS Amperes

140% of full load

150% of full load

Motor Overload Protection

Thermal O/L (Device 49)

Motors with temp. rise not over 40

All other motors

Locked Rotor Protection

Dual Element (Time-Delay Fuses)

Instantaneous Trip Breaker

Inverse Time Breakers

*MCPs can be set higher

1-3/C 500 kcmil

Calculate Relay Setting (Tap, Inst. Tap & Time Dial)

I Inrsuh = 12 694 = 8,328 A

125% 4.338 = 5.4 A

Inst (50) = 8,328

Category II or III Transformer

Fault will be cleared by

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