Student Name: Article of the Week Hour___ ate: Science Department Artes Name Include article showing how you “close read", Remember undertining important parts, sige margin notes, connections to previous earning. We have done this in class, now show me what you can do, ‘**#0n the back of ths paper write 2 DETAILED summary ofthis article. This should be ATLEAST two (2 paraeraphe,**** ‘What isthe main point the etl s trying to say to the reader? Explain n 1-2 sentences. Find one piece of data (Quantative Data} from the article, copy it, and then explants Importance ‘what does this article meanto me and how can relate it tomy fe orto other people's ves? How can Iconnect this aril to something that | have learned in science?LATEST NEWS [ADAPTED FROM K, BRYC ET AL AL, THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUIAAN GENETICS 2n15) ‘A new study shows that Latinos inthe Southwest have more Native American ancesty than Latinos in the South ‘and Northeast, where proportions of European and African ancesty are higher. Genetic study reveals surprising ancestry of many Americans By inte Wade In the United States, almost no one can trace their ancestry back to just one place. And for many, the past may hold some surprises, according to a new study. Researchers have found that a significant percentage of Aican-Amerleans, European Americans, and Latinos carry ancestry from outside thei selfidentiied ethnicity ‘The average African-American geneme, for example, is nearly a quarter European, and almost 4% of European ‘Americans carry African ancestry Until recently, "human population geneticists have tended to Ignore the US,” says Joanna Mountain, 2 geneticist and senior director of esearch at 23andMe, a company in Mountain View, California, that offers jenetic testing. With its long history of migrations from around the world, she says, the country was “considered to be kind of messy in terms of genetics.” But Mountain and her colleagues thought they might have a fighting chance of deciphering Americans’ complex genetic ancestry. Their secret weapon? 23andMe’s huge database of genetic information When a person signs up for a 23andMe genetic analysis, they can choose whether to make their data (with ‘any identifying information removed) available for research, At the time when Mountain's team compiled the database for thei study, 23andte had 500,000 customers, and about 80% of them had given thelr permission{or their information to be used in that way. (Today, the company has about 800,000 customers.) That makes ‘the data set used for the study “an order of magnitude bigger” than those usually used to examine population mixing, says Katareyna Bry, a population geneticist at 23andMe and lead author of the new paper. ‘The team started by looking atthe average genetic ancestry of the three largest groups in the United States: European Americans, Afrcan-Americans, and Latinos, Those categories are based on how 23andMe customers defined themselves But as you might expect in @ country where diferent groups of people have been meeting and mixing for hundreds of years, the genetic lines between the groups are quit blurred. ‘You see all of those diferent ancestries in each of these groups,” Bryc explains. The average Aftican- ‘American genome, for example, 73.2% African, 24% European, and 0.8% Native American the team reports online today in The American Joumal of Human Genetics. Latinos, meanwhile, carry an average of 18% Native ‘American ancestry, 65.1% European ancestry (mostly from the Iberian Peninsula), and 6.2% African ancestry. ‘The new study adds an unprecedented level of detalto patterns that had been noticed in previous, more general studies, For example, the 23andMe data reveals that the proportion of diferent ancestries, even within one self-identified ethnic group, vary significantly by state Latinos with the highest proportion of ‘African ancestry about 20%) are from Lousiana, followed by states such as Georgia, North Carolina, New York, and Pennsylvania In Tennessee and Kentucky, Latinos tend to have high proportions of European ancestry. And in the Southwest, where states share a border with Mexico, Latinos tend to have higher proportions of Native American ancestry: ‘Atleast 3.5% of European Americans carry Afican ancestry, though the averages vary significantly by state. In South Carolina and Loulsiana, bout 12% of European Americans have a least 1% African ancestry. In Louisiana, too, about 8% of European Americans carry atleast 1% Native American ancestry. In many states, te history ofthe region i written in the genomes ofits current residents. Lousiana, for ‘example, was a trading hub where different populations met and mingled. But sometimes the stories are even ‘more specific. Oklahoma isthe state where the most Aftican-Americans have significant Native American ancestry, Bryc notes. That contact can be traced back to the Trail of Tears, when thousands of Native ‘Americans were forcibly relocated to Oklahoma, which was also home toa significant number of black saves. "You can really see historical events and historical migrations in the genetics,” Bry says. "We weren't actually expecting to be able to see that a clearly as we do.” ‘Another way that history shows up in contemporary genomes sin what researchers call a sex bias, By looking atthe kinds of DNA that are passed down only by mothers, they can calculate how many ofa person's ancestors from each population were male and female. In all three populations, they found the same signal: European ancestors tended to be male, while African and Native American ancestors tended to be female. ‘That imbalance reflects the fact that for much of U.S. history, European men were the most aggressive colonizers, Mountain says. This mixing seems to have started almost immediately after the first Europeancolonizers and African slaves arrived in North Ameria. “It suggests that really early U.S. history may have been atime of alot of mixture,” Brycsays. ‘The fact that so many people inthe United States carry a mix of different ancestries could have important ‘medical implications. Today, doctrs often assume that certain genetic variants are associated only with particular populations—think abcut sickle cell anemia in African-American, for example. Buta person's self identified ethnicty—or the ethnity her doctor assumes she is~doesn’t “necessarily correspond to (her) underlying genetics,” Brye says mixed population lke the United States, it's perfectly possible that a Furopean American could cary the sickle call variant that's more common in Aftican-Americans. In order for personalized medicine to live up‘o its potential, she says, doctors need to “consider the person” and her or his ancestry in allits complexity, rather than jut falling back on reductive census categories. “The new study is “a beautiful piece of work,” says Andrés Moreno-Estrada, a population geneticist at Stanford University in Palo Alt, California, who has studied genetic diversity in Mexico and wasn’t involved with the new research. he U.S, has a very particular genetic imprint compared tothe rest ofthe Americas.” The 2BandMe study “is one of steps forward in asserting that It’s possible to disentangle that complex scenario.” Posted in Biology