va i Q) Printed Pages—4 ME-—302 (Following Paper ID apd Rot No. to be filled in you fod ur Answer Book) PANTS Re UA) Roll Nor b nF THIRD SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2004-2005 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS Time : 3 Hours Note: (i) Attempt all the five questions. (ii) All question carry equal marks. Total Marks : 100 (iii) Use of steam tables, Mollier diagrams is permitted. 1. Answer any four parts of the following : (5x4=20) (a) Explain the concept of reversibility. What is the importance of this toncept in thermodynamics? State the co thermodynamic reversibility. ndition of (b) State the two statements of second law of thermodynamics. Show that equivalent. both are (c) Derive and explain the Clapeyron’s equation. (d) What do you understand by availability ? Explain using suitable example and support your answer with mathematical for it. ME—302 1 expression [Turn Over@ Answer any four parts of the following : (a) (b) (c) (@) () (f) Attempt any two parts of the following : (a) Enlist Maxwell’s relations and describe their significance. What is Joule-Thomson curve ? With the help of inversion curve explain its importance. Define dryness fraction of steam. How one can calculate the different properties of wet steam with the help of steam table ? What are the important requirements of a perfect steamboiler ? Sketch and describe a fire tube boiler. What is the function of accessories in boilers ? Explain the functioning of any two boiler accessories. How are steam boilers classified ? Steam from a boiler is delivered at an absolute pressure of 15 bar and dryness fraction 0.95 into a steam super heater in which the steam receives additional heat at constant pressure and its temperature increases upto 300°C . Using Mollier chart, make calculations for the amount of heat added and the change in internal energy for unit mass of steam. Describe with sketches the working of a steam engine. What are the functions of piston rings ? (6x4=20) ~ (10x2=20)(b) (i) Why the modified Rankine cycle-is adopted for reciprocating steam engine ? (ii) What are the effects of friction on nozzle performance ? (c) Calculate the throat area of a gas nozzle for the following data : Inlet pressure =4 bar Inlet temperature = 450°C ; Back Pressure =1 bar, Massflow rate=20 kg/s ; coefficient of discharge = 0.99, Nozzle efficiency =0.94. Take y=1.333, Cp=1.11 KJ/kg K Assume negligible approaching velocity. 4. Attempt any two parts of the following : (10x2=20) (a) What is the principle of operation of steam turbine ? Define degree of reaction. (b) What are the fundamental differences between SI and CI engines ? With the help of neat sketch explain the working of a two-stroke SI engine. (c) | Steam issues from the nozzles of a single stage turbine with a velocity of 1200 m/s. The nozzle angle is 20°, the mean blade velocity is 400 m/s, and the inlet and outlet angle of blades are equal. The mass of steam flowing through turbine per hour is 900 kg. Calculate : (a) the blade angles, (b) the relative velocity of steam entering the blades, (c) the tangential force on the blades and (d) the power developed. ME—302 Z [Turn OverAttempt any two parts of the following : (10x2=20) (a) State the merits and demerits of closed cycle gas turbine over open cycle. What are different methods by which performance ,of a gas turbine cycle can be improved ? (b) Compare a gas turbine with internal combustion engine and steam turbine. (c) Sketch and explain the working of a vapour = — compression refrigeration system. How COP and TON of refrigeration are defined ? tobe oe aoe