ROTARY Aik COMPRESSOR SELECTION GUIDE aie CAGI > BS ToS COMPRESSED AIR & Gas INSTITUTE RotAry Positive Compressor SECTIONMMMM scope The scope ofthe Roary Positive Compressor Seton shall {nlue: Rotary Positive Displacement Compressors and ‘Vacuum Pumps. Such compressors may be il fe, forced fed lubricated or liquid injected, including bat ‘not mite to: sliding vane, lobe ype, col, and helical sew, ‘These compressors shall include bare air ends, regardless of fia package configuration as well as packaged units Packaged units will be stationary type or transportable (as cstnt from engine driven portable compressor) “Member companies inthis ection manafactore compres- sors and vacuum pumps which operate on several Aitferent principles, although al employ positive placement and rotary motion. Included among these routs are rotary sling vane compressors, both oil injected and forced feed lubricated nected, water injected and dry type rotary helical lobe crew compressors; dry lobe type compressors and liquid ing (origi piston type compressors ‘These ae packaged in single and mul-stge confgure- tions and have become the dominant types in industrial compressed ait supply in wide variety of applications.CoNnTENTS Section Member Compenies and Section Scape al _mMmpre - I Oil Injected Rotary Serew Compressors Oil Free Rotary Screw Compressors Oil Injected Rotary Single Serew Compressors Oil Injected Rotary Siding Vane Compressors Scroll Compressors PTO Compressors (Capacity Controls For Rotary Displacement Type Air Compressors Instrumentation & Accessories for Rotary Displacement Type Compressors Glossary of Terms 540 42 13.5mmm Or. InjecteD ROtewy Sige w COMPRESSORS The Oil Injected Rotary Screw Compressor is positive displacement type, which means that @ given quantity of air or gos is tapped in a compression chamber andthe space which it ‘occupies is mechanically reduced, causing a corresponding rise in pressure prior to discharge. ‘The Oil Injected Rotary Screw Compressor consists of two intermeshing rotors in a stator housing having an inlet port at one end and a discharge port atthe other. The male rotor has lobes formed helically along its length while the female rotor has corresponding helical grooves or flutes. Air flowing in through the inlet por fills the spaces between the lobes on each rotor. Rotation then causes the air tobe trapped between the lobes and the stator asthe inte-lobe spaces pass beyond the inlet port. As rotation continues, a lobe on one rotor rolls into a groove onthe other rotor and the point chamber during compression and serves three basic functions 1) It Tubricates the intermeshing rotors and associated bearing. 2) It takes away most ofthe heat caused by compression 3) It acts asa eal in the clearances between the ‘meshing rotors and between rotors and stator. The generic term ol has been used. Generally this {is understood tobe a hydrocarbon produc but rost compressors now use cleaner and longer life synthetic lubricants, including diestrs;polygcol polyalphaolefins and silicon based fluids. These newer products are suitable fora wider range of temperatures and have higher flash points. ‘A mixture of compressed air and injected ol leavesconstruction is used but water is injected into the compression chamber to act asa seal in internal clearances and to remove the heat of compression. ‘This allows pressures inthe 100-150 psig range to be accomplished with only on stage. The injected water, together with condensed moisture from the atmosphere, is removed from the discharged compressed air by a conventional moisture separation device Similar tothe Oil Ij Screw Compressors generally are packaged with all necessary acessories. Methods of capacity contol are discussed later. rotary air compreCOMPRESSORS The Rotary Serew Compressor normally refers to a compressor having two intermeshing rotors having parallel axes as described below, The Single Screw Compressor, as its name implies, has only one heiclly grooved rotor, normally arranged witha horizontal axis. Two meshing gate, or str, rotors ae arranged one on each side of the helical rotor and with their axes at right {As forthe standard Rotary Serew Single Screw Compressor is a displacement type, that a given quantity of air or trapped ina compression chamber andthe space is mechanically reduced, causing a coresponding rise in pressure prior to discharge. ters the compression chamber through an inlet port and compression begins when a tooth of a star rotor enters and seals the groove inthe helical rotor. {As rotation continues, the tooth follows along the path ofthe groove, reducing the space occupied by the ai witha corresponding rise in pre the air end and is passed to a sump/separator where the ol is removed from the compressed a Directional and velocity changes are used to sepa- rate most ofthe liquid. The remaining aerosols in the compressed air then ae separated by means of a coalescing filter, resulting in only afew parts per nillion of ol carry-over. Most oi injected Rotary sv Compressor Packages use the air pressure in the oil sump separator, after the discharge of the air end, to circulate the ol trough a filter and cooler prior to re-injection to the compression chamber Some designs may use an ofl pump. il Injected Rotary Single Serew Compressor Packages are available from 20 150 hp and capac- ties from 62-700 acfm and pressures to 150 psigrotary air compressorsTHe RoTARY SCROLL COMPRESSOR ‘The rotary scroll compressor has become a popular compressor asa domestic airconditioning refrigerant compressor. More recently it has been introduced tothe standard air compressor market in the lower end ofthe horsepower range of rotary air compressors The operating compression prineiple is accom- plished by means of two intermeshing spirals ot scrolls one scroll being stationary and the other orbiting in relation tothe stationary scroll. The stationary scroll i shown in black and the orbiting scroll in white. Air entering through the suction port inthe stationary scroll, fills the suction chamber consisting of the outer labyrinth of the stationary scroll and on the outside edge of the conbiting scroll, s shown in the illustration at position 1. At this position, the portion of the ‘compression chamber at an inter-mediate pressure is sealed by adjacent portions ofthe two scrolls.‘The mst common application ison ulity and telephone company trucks for independent operation and in remote locations. Capacities range fom 85 to 250 acfm and pressures from 75 to 110 psig, Another application is pneumatic unloading of dry bulk materials from tanker trucks where ‘capabilities range from 30-500 acm and pressures from 22 to 36 psig.MMM Caraciry Tyre DISPLACEMENT Demand for compressed air seldom matches exactly the output from the compressor so some form of capacity contol is essential. The typeof capacity contol is based on both the type and size of rotary ir compressor, the application and the number of compressors in the system. Typical systems are as follows: Staev/Stor ConTROL isthe simplest form of control, in which a pressure switch sensing system pressure atthe discharge of the compressor, sends @ signal tothe main motor starter to stop the ‘compressor when a preset pressure i reached, When pressure falls to another pre-set pressure, the pressure switch sends a signal forthe compressor to be retarted. Te pressure switch will have an adjustable upper pressure setting and a fixed ot adjustable differential between the upper and lower ‘pressure settings. An ar receiver is essential to ‘prevent too frequent starting and stopping, which atfets life of motor insulation due o high inrush CoNnTROLS For AIR ROTARY COMPRESSORS ‘ay requirements, At the same time, the signal from ‘the pressure switch also is aranged to close a valve at the inlet of the compressor, reducing the mass flow of air entering the compressor, further reduc- ing power requirements although the pressure ratio across the compressor does increase. In the case of oil injected rotary compressors, the rate of biow- down must be limited to prevent foaming ofthe Iubricant inthe sump/seperator.in ol fre rotary compressors this isthe most common type of contol and requires an adequate receiver or system volume to prevent too frequent operation.