EXAMINATION SET A CHEMISTRY 5072/02 For GCE ‘O’ Level Paper 2 Theory 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Section A ‘Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Section B ‘Answer all three questions, The last question is in the form either/or. Write your answers on separate answer paper. ‘The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Data Sheet is printed on page vii. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page vii Section A Section B TotalAl A2 16 SECTION A ‘Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. The total mark for this section is 50. P, Q, Rand S are elements + Pisahalogen + Q must be present in any organic compound + R forms an anion of the type RO". + Sreacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. Give the chemical symbol of P (1) Q (1) R 1) s (1 {Total: 4] Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in green leaves. ‘Old! chlorophyll can decompose into phaeophytin, a grey pigment molecule. A student carried out a chromatographic experiment to compare the extracts of spinach leaves obtained from 2 different sources, and he obtained the following chromatogram | 8om 6om 0 [sen 9 0 0 L2om L | —O = +-0cm chlorophyll xanthophyl_—phaeophytin extract from _extract from _ _ frozen spinach _ market spinach {a) Describe the result obtained for the extract from frozen spinach. 2) Examination Set A7 (b) Calculate the R, value of chlorophyll in the experiment. (1) (c) The student concluded that spinach bought from the market is fresher than frozen spinach. Explain his reasoning, | (Total: 5) | ‘A3__An experiment was set up to determine the percentage of oxygen in air. Two gas syringes were connected to a hard glass tube containing iron, as shown in the diagram below. Ls CE AR prenpmimnnt fo i sn YJ {| air ttt heat (a) How would you operate the 2 syringes so that the oxygen in the air is used up by reacting with the iron? i] (b) How would you know that all the oxygen is used up? i] (c) At the start of the experiment, 80 cm? of air was present in the syringe on the left while 0 cm was present in the syringe on the right. What volume of gas would remain at the end of the experiment? | Examination Set A xaminers18 (a) Why must all measurements be made at the same temperature? (e) Astudent commented that the iron should fill up the whole hard glass tube so as to minimise errors in the experiment. Explain his comment. 2) [otal: 6) 4 Aporous pot containing gas X is surrounded by gas Y in a beaker and connected to a U-tube, as shown in the diagram below. FE H | i U-tube containing | VL / an inert liquid | (a) If gas X is oxygen, suggest the identity of gas Y, such that the liquid level at P would fall (1) (b) Based on your choice of gas Y, explain why the liquid level at P falls. (3) [otal: 4] Examination Set A19 5 Indium is in Group III of the Periodic Table. It exists as two isotopes, indium-113 and indium-115. (a) How is indium-113 different from indium-115? (1) {b) The relative atomic mass may be regarded as the average mass of all the isotopes in an element. Given that the relative atomic mass of indium is 114.92, calculate the relative abundance of indium-113 and indium-115, giving your answers as percentages. 8) (c) Indium combines with nitrogen to form indium nitride. Suggest the formula of this compound (1) (d) Indium is used to coat ball bearings to reduce friction in aircraft engines. This coating is done by electroplating (i) During electroplating, do electrons in the external circuit flow from the anode to the cathode or from the cathode to the anode? a (ii) Should the ball bearing be the anode or cathode during electroplating? M (iii) Write the half-equation for the reaction at either the anode or the cathode. | 1) | (iv) Explain why the electrolyte must be in the molten or aqueous state. (1) [Total: 9] Examination Set A20 as AG The exhaust of motor vehicles contains air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide. (a) Nitrogen dioxide is also produced by natural processes. Which natural atmospheric activity is the major producer of nitrogen dioxide? (1) (b) Nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to form nitric acid. (i) Construct a balanced equation for the reaction. {1 (li) Nitric acid is a constituent of acid rain. Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, to show its effect on structures made of limestone, CaCO3. (2) To remove excess acid in lakes, limestone is often preferred to alkalis such as sodium hydroxide. Explain why. (21 (c) Itis mandatory for motor cars in Singapore to be fitted with a catalytic converter. The following reactions occur in a catalytic converter: 2NO, > xO2+ No | 2CO + Op > 2602 CyHoxyo + 2x02 > xCOz + 2xHz0 | (i) Select either of the first two reactions and use oxidation states to explain why it is a redox reaction. (21 (ii) The efficiency of such catalytic converters is dependent on the amount of air passing through them. Explain why. | 1] [Total: 9] Examination Set A21 A7 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the equation below. 2H02(aq) > O2(g) + 2H20() In an experiment, 0.2 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added to 100 cm? of 0.2 mol/dm? hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen produced was measured at regular intervals, as shown in graph A. * volume of gas | graph B graph A + time (a) Describe and explain what you would do to show that manganese(IV) oxide is a catalyst of the reaction. (b) In another experiment, substance X was added to 100 cm? of 0.2 molidm® hydrogen peroxide, and graph B was obtained. Is substance X also a catalyst? Explain your answer. (1) (c) Ina third experiment, 0.2 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added to 100 cm? of 0.4 mot/dm? hydrogen peroxide. Sketch, on the same axes above, the graph that would be obtained, and label it graph C. 1] [Total: 5] -xamination Set A For se22 AB An experiment was carried out to determine the amount of calcium carbonate in the shell of chicken eggs. In the experiment, 5.0 g of chicken egg shell was dissolved in 1.00 dm? of 0.200 mol/dm? hydrochloric acid. 23.0 cm* of this solution required 25.0 cm? of 0.100 mol/dm$ sodium hydroxide for complete reaction in a titration. (@) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. (1) (b) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid required in the titration. a) (c) Calculate the initial number of moles of hydrochloric acid used at the start of the experiment, and hence determine the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted with calcium carbonate in the shell (2) (d) Hence calculate the percentage of calcium carbonate in the egg shell (4) {Total: 8] Examination Set A23 Section B Answer all three questions from this section. The last question is in the form either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted. The total mark for this section is 30. Write your answers on separate answer paper. B9 In the late eighteenth century, scientists carried out three experiments to determine the density of nitrogen. Experiment 1: Air, removed of water vapour and carbon dioxide, was passed over red-hot copper powder to form copper(I!) oxide, such that oxygen was removed. The density of the resulting nitrogen was measured. Experiment 2: A second sample of nitrogen was prepared by reacting air (removed of water vapour and carbon dioxide) with ammonia gas. The equation for this reaction is shown below. 4NHg + 30, > 2No + 6H,O ‘Aiter the water vapour was removed from the resultant gaseous mixture, the sample should have been pure nitrogen, derived partly from the ammonia and partly from the initial air. The density of this nitrogen was measured Experiment 3: A third sample of nitrogen was obtained without using any air but by simply reacting ammonia with pure oxygen (a) Considering the three experiments, how many different sources was nitrogen derived from? ft) (b) In experiment 1, (i) the copper used should be in powder form. Why is this so? tt) (ii) the air used was first removed of water vapour and carbon dioxide. Draw the apparatus set-up to show how water vapour and carbon dioxide is removed from air. Label the chemicals you used. 13] (c) The densities of the three samples are listed in the table below. Density of nitrogen (g/d?) | experiment: | 1.256 Experiment 2 1.255 Experiment 3. | 1.260 (i) From the results, the scientists concluded that air contains a previously unknown gas. What can you say about the density of this unknown gas? Give evidence to support your answer. 2) (il) Experiment 3 was not originally planned. It was after experiments 1 and 2 were completed that it was deemed necessary to carry out experiment 3. Explain why. [1]24 (d) Nitrogen is one of the reactants used in the Haber Process. (i) Write the chemical equation for the Haber Process. (1) (li) The Haber Process consumes a lot of energy. Explain why. 2) (iii) Itis said that the Haber Process revolutionised global food production. Explain why, (1) [Total: 12} B10 Helium is a noble gas. (a) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show the electronic structure of a helium atom, indicating the number of protons, of neutrons and of electrons. 21 (b) Noble gases do not usually react with other substances. Explain why. 1 (c) One of the uses of noble gases is in providing an inert atmosphere. Give an example to show this. rey (d) The noble gases are present in air, and can be produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air at -200 °C. (i) Which noble gas constitutes the largest fraction of air? 1] (ii) What is fractional distillation? 1] (ii) The table below shows the boiling points of some noble gases 1] Noble gas Boiling point (°C) argon 186 | krypton ~153 | neon 246 xenon | 108, _ Liquid air at -200 °C undergoes fractional distillation. Which noble gas will appear first? {Total: 8] Examination Set A25 EITHER B11 (a) A basketball's innermost layer is a spherical bladder formed from butyl rubber. Butyl tubber is composed mostly of isobutylene. The structure of isobutylene is shown below. H H | | ——c—H H—C—-H H | H (i) Which homologous series does isobutylene belong to? (1) (ii) Draw the full structure of an isomer of isobutylene. (1) (iii) Draw the structure of the polymer made from isobutylene. tt] (b) Buty! rubber also contains a small percentage of isoprene. The structure of isoprene is shown below. (i) Draw the structural formula of the product formed when isoprene reacts with bromine. ti (ii) To make butyl rubber, isobutylene and isoprene are mixed in a solution of chloromethane. Suggest why chloromethane and not water is used as the solvent. (2) (c) Once the bladder has been formed into a sphere, it is wound with several thousand metres of nylon thread. (i) Give the structure of nylon, showing two repeat units and the linkage present. [1] (il) Name the linkage present in nylon. tt) (iii) Nylon is formed through condensation polymerisation while isobutylene is formed through addition polymerisation. Explain the difference between the two types of polymerisation 2 [Total: 10} amination Set AOR 26 B11 Petrol is a homogeneous hydrocarbon mixture consisting mainly of Cs - C12 alkanes. (a) State two ways in which petrol is produced 2) (b) Define ‘hydrocarbon’ t] (c) What physical property of petrol shows that it is not a pure substance? 1] (a) How is the boiling point of a Cs alkane different from that of a Cy2 alkane? Explain why. [2] (e) Chemists devise the octane number to evaluate petrol quality. Octane numbers are based on the combustion of heptane, a poor-burning fuel that is assigned an octane number of 0, and trimethylpentane, an efficient-burning fuel that is assigned an octane number of 100. The structures of heptane and trimethylpentane are shown below. H H H H H | | —c——c-——-H heptane H H trimethylpentane Suggest why trimethylpentane burns much more easily than heptane. tt) (f) The alkane made up of 5 carbon atoms has three isomers. Draw the structures of the three isomers. {3} [Total: 10] Examination Set A