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Unit 4 Study Guide Reading

Authors Point of View


o To determine an authors point of view, readers look carefully at the words, phrases, and other
details authors use to describe people, ideas, and events
o Then they decide whether the words and phrases convey an attitude of support or disapproval of
the topic
Biased point of view a view that excludes important information or presents only one
side of a subject.
Paragraph clues
o Reading for paragraph clues involves looking at all the sentences in a paragraph to get a general
sense of what an unfamiliar word might mean. The overall meaning of a paragraph can help
point students to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Idioms
o To identify an idiom, students look for groups of words or expressions that are unfamiliar,
unusual, or seem not to make sense.
o To discover the meaning of an idiom, students look for context clues in words or sentences near
the unfamiliar phrase.
Directions: choose the correct meaning for each idiom.
o Breaks the silence
Says something
Breaks the silence into pieces
Becomes silent
o The apple doesnt fall far from the tree
When an apple falls, it lands near the tree
Children grow up to be like their parents
Theme
o A statement or insight about life that the author wants readers to understand. Themes are
generally expressed as complete statements, for example: True friends are hard to find; honesty
is the best policy.
o To determine the theme of a play, students should focus on characters actions and speech and
then think about what these might reveal
o Students should also consider how characters and plot events affect each other about why
characters do and say the things they do.
o Ask: What message or insight do these words and actions suggest?
Homophones words that sound alike when spoken but that have different meaning and often different
spellings
Homograph two words that are spelled alike but have different meanings, different origins, and
possibly different pronunciations.
o Seal 1. An animal that lives in the ocean 2. To close tightly with a fastener
o Tie 1. Article of clothing worn around the neck 2. To knot string
Point of View the narrators relationship to the story determines the storys point of view
o Ask: Is the speaker a character in the poem? Does he or she participate in the events? Do
readers know what he or she thinks and feels? If so, the poem has a first person point of view.
o Look for pronouns such as I, me, my, and mine
Alliteration when poets repeat a particular consonant sound at the beginning of words near one another
Assonance when poets repeat a certain vowel sound within a group of words

Figurative language when authors and poets use words and phrases that have meanings apart from the
literal meanings of the words
o Idiomatic expression a type of figurative language in which a phrase cannot be understood just
from the meanings of the individual words in it.
o Ask: Is it funny? Is it positive, or negative? What does it suggest about a character or situation?
The answers will help students understand the meaning of the idiomatic expression and the
poets purpose in using it
Unit 4 Language Arts: Pronouns

A pronoun takes the place of one or more nouns in a sentence.


Personal pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, and them.
Pronouns can be singular or plural.
An antecedent is what a pronoun refers to.
Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number and in gender.
Subject pronouns are subjects of sentences.
Object pronouns are objects of verbs or prepositions.
Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself) match the subject.
Reciprocal pronouns (one another; each other) give and receive action.
Possessive case is used to show ownership.
Possessive pronouns used before nouns include my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.
Subject pronouns and verbs must agree.
Add s to regular present-tense verbs when using singular pronouns.
Do not add s when you use the pronouns I, we, you, and they.
Indefinite pronouns have nonspecific antecedents and can be singular, plural, or both.
Indefinite pronouns as subjects must agree with their verbs.
A relative pronoun links a clause to another noun or pronoun.
An interrogative pronouns asks a question when a noun in the sentence is not known.
Demonstrative pronouns tell whether a noun is here or there.
Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, place, or thing.

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