Plant Reproduction

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Plant Reproduction Home Page

4

Seed dispersal

Flower structure

Germination

Pollination

6
Fruit development

Test

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Click image to view a video on plant reproduction

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExaQ8shhkw8

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Use the diagram below to complete the labels on

the flower structure worksheet

stigma
anther
style

stamen
filament

ovary
ovule

petal
sepal

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

pistil

Complete the functions table by clicking on the

labels to discover their functions

stigma
anther
style

stamen
filament

ovary
ovule

petal
sepal

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

pistil

Flower Structure Quiz

Click the correct answer
#1 What is the name of the structure labelled X in the
diagram?

carpel
sepal
X

stamen
peduncle
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Flower Structure Quiz

#2 Where is pollen made?

stigma
sepal
anther
ovary

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Flower Structure Quiz

#3 Where is the ovule found in a flower?

petals
style
nectary
ovary

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Flower Structure Quiz

#4 Which parts of the flower are labelled below:

X = style, Y = stigma
X = filament, Y = anther

X = stigma, Y = style
X = anther, Y = filament

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination

The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther

to the stigma
Click to view the animation

This is an example of cross-pollination as the

pollen travels from one flower to a different flower.
This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects

or by wind
Use the information in the next two slides to
complete the table comparing the adaptations of
wind and insect pollinated flowers.

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract

insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has
barbs for
hooking onto
insect fur

nectar and a
scent present

Anthers positioned
to rub pollen onto
insects
Sticky stigma
to collect pollen

Flower Structure

Pollination

Brightly
coloured petals
Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure

because they do not have to attract insects to
them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Pollen grains are very
small and light. They
occur in very large
numbers

Anthers are exposed to the

wind so that pollen can
easily be blown away

Stigma are
feathery to catch
pollen carried on
wind
Petals are small and
green as there is no
need to attract
insects
Flower Structure

No scent or nectary

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the

anther onto the stigma of the same flower

Click to show
animation of selfpollination

Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces variation

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either

having stigma above stamen or

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

by having stamen and stigma mature at different

times.

Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self-pollination and crosspollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Click on the icons below to view the

summary videos on pollination

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

this url into a new browser window and you can
watch the video then, url:
http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/methods-ofpollination-and-flower-pollinator-relationships.html

Pollination

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

this url into a new browser window and you can
watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0

Insect pollination

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination Quiz
Click the correct answer

#5 Pollination is the transfer from.?

the stigma to anther
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination Quiz
#6 The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Wind and water
Insect and wind
Insect and water
Wind and birds

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination Quiz
#7 Cross-pollination
Increases variation
Decreases variation
Is only performed by insects
Is only performed by wind

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Pollination Quiz
#8 Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by
Having bright petals and a scent
Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas
Having sticky stigmas

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Fertilization and Fruit Development

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the

pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
pistil
ovary

Click to view the

animation

ovule

Note: Petals not shown in

order to simplify diagram
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Fertilization occurs when the male gamete

fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)

Complete the
fertilization
section of the
worksheet

Click to view the

animation

(you will need to

refer to your text
book)

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Watch this short introductory video to review

fertilization

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser
window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE

Seed Dispersal

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Watch the video on seed dispersal

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY4JFOSuqvY

After fertilization the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.

The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilized egg inside
develops into an embryo plant.

Cotyledon:
Food store

Testa:
tough seed coat

Plumule:
Embryo shoot

Micropyle:
Hole made by
pollen tube

Radicle:
Embryo root

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Embryo
plant

Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes

dormant because metabolic reactions stop.
The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall
of the ovary
(yes, you are
eating an
adapted ovary
when you
crunch into an
apple!

seed

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent

plant in order to reduce competition for space,
light, nutrients and water.

Seeds can be dispersed by:

Wind
Water
Mechanical
Animals
Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms
for seed dispersal

Seed dispersal quiz

Click the correct answer
#9 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

water
mechanical
wind
animal
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Seed dispersal quiz

Click the correct answer
#10 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

mechanical
animal
water
wind
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Seed dispersal quiz

Click the correct answer
#11 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

water
wind
animal
mechanical
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Seed dispersal quiz

Click the correct answer
#12 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

animal
mechanical
water
wind
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilization

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Germination

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

The seed contains the embryo plant and

cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa

Water enters the seed

through the micropyle
and activates enzymes.

Plumule
(embryo shoot)

The water also softens

the testa to allow it to
split.
Radicle
(embryo root)

Label the diagram

of the seed
Cotyledon

Micropyle
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Enzymes are used in seed germination

Plumule

starch
amylase
secreted

embryo plant

ab
so
rb

ed

The enzymes break

starch down into
maltose and then
glucose. The glucose
is used in respiration
to provide energy for
growth

maltose

Radicle
This is the first part
to grow out of the
seed as it needs to
absorb more water
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in

the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
light

The seedling can now

photosynthesise and
make its own food

germination
Plant growth and development

soil
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:

Answer the
question on the
worksheet

Seed loses weight as it uses

up starch stores in the
cotyledons as the seedling
cannot photosynthesise yet

Click to
listen to an
explanation

Dry mass/g
Weight increases as
the seedling can
photosynthesise and
plant grows

Dry mass is the

mass of solid
matter with all
water removed

Days
Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

Conditions required for germination

Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below:
Click to
listen to an
explanation

Oxygen
present

Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)

Oxygen
present

No light

Oxygen
present

Oxygen
present

No
oxygen

moist
4oC
A
Flower Structure

dry

moist

moist

moist

Warm
B

Warm
C

Warm
D

Warm
E

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

END
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