18.f ( x)(, ), a, bf ( x) 0.

f ( x) f ( x) 0(a, b).
g(x)= ex f ( x ), g (a ) g (b) 0, g [a, b], (a, b)),.
Rolle, c (a,b),g ( x) e x ( f ( x) f ( x )) 0, f ( x) f ( x) 0.
19.A,3 x 4 8 x 3 6 x 2 24 x A.
P ( x) 3x 4 8 x 3 6 x 2 24 x, P( x) 12 x 3 24 x 2 12 x 24
12( x 3 2 x 2 x 2) 12[ x 2 ( x 2) ( x 2)] 12( x 2)( x 2 1) 12( x 2)( x 1)( x 1)
0,.
x1 1, x2 1, x3 2.P ( x1 ) 19, P(1) 13, P(2) 8.
( P (1), P (2)) (13, 8)
3 x 4 8 x 3 6 x 2 24 x A.

x 2 x3
xn
L (1) n . : f ( x) 0n
2 3
n
,n.
20.f ( x ) 1 x

x 0f ( x) 0, f ,n 2k 1, lim f ( x) ,
x

lim f ( x) , a, b, a b, f (a ) 0, f (b) 0.

,x0 (a, b), f ( x0 ) 0.

f ( x) 1 x x 2 L x 2 k 2

x 2 k 1 1
0( x 0), x 0, f ,
x 1

.
x2k 1
0, x 1.
x 1
0 x 1, f ( x ) 0, x 1, f ( x) 0, f (1)x 0, f (1) 0, n

n 2k,f(x)= 1 x x 2 L x 2 k 1
f ( x ).

21.u ( x)v( x)u ( x)v( x)[a, b], uv uv

[a, b].u ( x)v( x),
.
u ( x)v( x
).u ( x)v( x).

x1 , x2u ( x)[a, b],x1 x2 .u v uv 0, v ( x1 ) 0, v ( x2 ) 0.v( x)

u
[ x1 , x2 ], w= [ a, b], w( x1 ) w( x2 ) 0,Rolle, c [ x1 , x2 ],
v
u v uv
w(c)
(c ) 0, (u v uv)(c) 0, uv uv.v(x)
v2
[ x1 , x2 ].
u cos( x ), v sin x, u v - uv -1 0,sin x cos x.

arctan x

, arctan x (tanh x).

tanh x
2
tanh x arctan x

arctan x 1 x 2 cosh 2 x sinh x cosh x (1 x 2 ) arctan x

tanh x
tanh 2 x
(1 x 2 ) tanh 2 x cosh 2 x

22. : x 0f ( x)

f ( x)

1
sinh 2 x (1 x 2 ) arctan x
g ( x)
2

.
2
2
2
2
(1 x ) tanh x cosh x
(1 x ) tanh 2 x cosh 2 x
g (0) 0.
g ( x) cosh 2 x 1 2 x arctan x, g (0) 0,
2x
g ( x) 2sinh 2 x 2 arctan x
, g (0) 0,
1 x2
2
(1 x 2 ) 2 x 2
2
2(1 x 2 )
g ( x ) 4 cosh 2 x

4
cosh
2
x

1 x2
(1 x) 2
1 x2
1 x2
4
4 x2

0(x 0 cosh x 1),

1 x2 1 x2
Taylor,x 0
g ( x) 3
g ( x)
x 0, f ( x ) 0, f .
3!
arctan x
arctan x
lim f ( x) lim
, x 0
.
x
x tanh x
2
tanh x
2
4 cosh 2 x


x
tan x

.
2
sin x
x
f ( x) sin x tan x x 2 ,
23. : 0 x

f ( x) cos x tan x sin x sec 2 x 2 x sin x sin x sec 2 x 2 x,

f ( x) cos x sec x 2sin x sec 2 x tan x 2 (cos x sec x 2) 2sin 2 x sec x 2 0
1
(cos x sec x cos x
2, x (0, / 2)).
cos x
f (0) f (0) 0, Taylor,
f ( x) 2
x
tan x
f ( x)
x 0,sin x tan x x 2 0,

( x (0, / 2)).
2
sin x
x
24. :
(1)e x 1 x, x 0.
x2
ln(1 x), x 0.
2
x3
(3) x sin x x, x 0.
6
e x 2
(1)e x 1 x
x 1 x, x 0.
2
1
(2) ln(1 x) x
x 2 x, x 0.
(1 x ) 2
(2) x

x2
1
x2
3

, x 0.
2 3(1 x)3
2
(3) f ( x) x sin x, f (0) 0, f ( x) 1 cos x 0, x 2n f ( x) 0, x 0
ln(1 x) x

f , f ( x ) f (0) 0, x 0.

x 3
g ( x) sin x x ,
6

x 2
g ( x) cos x 1 , g ( x) sin x x 0, x 0.gx 0
2

, g ( x ) g (0) 0, x 0.
25.xn (1 q )(1 q 2 )L (1 q n ), q [0,1).xn.
n

i 1

i 1

xn.ln xn ln(1 q i ) q i
xn e ln xn e

q
1 q

q q n 1
q

,
1 q
1 q

.xn .xn.

26.f ( x ) tan xx / 4Taylor, tan(50 ).

f ( x) sec 2 x, f ( x) 2sec 2 x tan x, f ( x) 4sec 2 x tan 2 x 2sec 4 x.

f ( ) 1, f ( ) 2, f ( ) 4, f ( ) 16.
4
4
4
4

2
3
3



8
f ( x) 1 2 x 2 x x o x .

4
4

4 3 4

8

tan(50 ) tan 1 2 2
36 36
4 36

3 36

1.191536480.

27.0 a b, (1 a) ln(1 a ) (1 b) ln(1 b) (1 a b) ln(1 a b).

1
1
f ( x) ln(1 x), f ( x)
, f ( x)
0,
1 x
(1 x ) 2
f x 0,
(1 a)
(1 b)
ln(1 a )
ln(1 b)
(1 a b)
(1 a b)

(1 a )a
(1 b)b
ln 1

(1 a b) (1 a b)

(1 a b)a (1 a b)b
ln 1

ln(1 a b).
(1 a b)
(1 a b)

28.a, b, c,
1 1
4
a b c, a b c 2, ab bc ca 1.
0 a , b 1,1 c .
3 3
3
3
2
f ( x) ( x - a)( x - b)( x - c ) x 2 x x abc.
1
f ( x) 3 x 2 4 x 1 (3 x 1)( x 1) 0, x1 , x2 1.
3
1
1
x x 1f ( x) 0, f , x 11f ( x) 0, f .
3
3
f (0) f (1) abc 0, f
1
4
4
.f ( ) f ( )
abc 0, f
3
3 27
1
4
4
().f a, b, c.f (0) f (1) abc 0, f ( ) f ( )
abc 0.
3
3 27
, f
1 1
4
(0, ), ( ,1), (1, ), a, b, c, .
3 3
3

29.f ( x )f ( x)[a, b], x [ a, b], f ( x )f ( x)

. : c, d [a, b], f (c) f (d ) 0, f ( x) 0, x [c, d ].
f ( x)f ( x),(f(x)f(x)) = f2( x) f ( x) f ( x ) 0, g ( x) f(x)f(x),
g(c)=g(d)=0,f(x)f (x) 0, x [c, d ].( f 2 ( x )) 2 f ( x ) f ( x) 0, x [c, d ].
f 2 ( x) C , x [c, d ]. f 2 (c) 0, f 2 ( x) 0, x [c, d ], f ( x) 0, x [c, d ].
30.P3 ( x) 2 x 3 7 x 2 13 x 9x 1Taylor.
P3 ( x) 6 x 2 14 x 13, P3( x) 12 x 14, P3 ( x) 12.
P3 (1) 1, P3 (1) 5, P3(1) 2, P3 (1) 12.
P3 ( x) 1 5( x 1) ( x 1) 2 2( x 1)3 .
31.Pn ( x)n.
(1) : Pn ( x)x0Taylor
1 (n)
Pn ( x0 ).
n!
(2)a, Pn (a ) 0, Pn ( k ) (a ) 0( k 1, 2,L n).Pn ( x)
Pn ( x ) Pn ( x0 ) Pn( x0 ) L

a.
(1) Pn ( x )n.
(1) : Pn ( x)n, Pn( n 1) ( x) 0, x ( , ).x0,
LagrangeTaylor
Pn ( x ) Pn ( x0 ) Pn( x0 )( x x0 ) L

1 (n)
1
Pn ( x0 )( x x0 ) n
Pn( n 1) (c)( x x0 ) n 1
n!
(n 1)!

1 (n)
Pn ( x0 )( x x0 ) n .
n!
1
(2) Pn ( x) Pn (a ) Pn(a )( x a) L Pn( n ) ( a)( x a) n Pn (a) 0( x a ),
n!
Pn ( x)a.
Pn ( x0 ) Pn( x0 )( x x0 ) L

32.f ( x)(0, ), x 0,
| f ( x) | A,| f ( x) | BA, B. :| f ( x) | 2 AB , x (0, ).
f (c ) 2
x (0, ), h 0. f ( x h) f ( x) f ( x)h
h ,
2
1
f (c)
f ( x) ( f ( h) f ( x))
h.
h
2
2A B
| f ( x) |
h(*).
h 2
2A B
A

h(*).(*) h 2
, | f ( x) | 2 AB .
h
2
B