Petronas RAPID Project Summary

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE
PROPOSED REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATED

DEVELOPMENT (RAPID) IN PENGERANG, JOHOR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.
Introduction
RAPID project is one of the major downstream oil and gas development in the
country by PETRONAS since its debut thirty eight years ago. The project, with an
estimated investment cost of RM60 billion was announced by the Malaysian Premier
as part of the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) to be one of the major
vehicle to attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) into Malaysia and expand the
country's access to world-class technologies. RAPID is envisaged to position
PETRONAS in the world map to become one of the leading competitive global oil and
gas majors.
RAPID major production components are the proposed refinery with refining capacity
of 300,000 barrels-per-day and petrochemical complexes with an annual combined
production of approximately 3,000,000 tonnes of ethylene, propylene, C4 and C5
olefins. On top of the main production plant, there will also be other facilities to
support RAPID operational requirements. These facilities are the Pengerang
Cogeneration Plant (PCP), the LNG Regassification Facility (RGT-2 Terminal) and
the centralised facility such as wastewater treatment, utility water supply,
instrumentation air and centralized flaring.
The key milestones to reach the RAPID first production target will be the Design
Feasibility Study stage (DFS), Front End Engineering Design stage (FEED), site
clearing and preparation and plant construction and testing and commissioning.
When this DEIA study is prepared, RAPID is at the pre-FEED stage and therefore
most of the information and data used in this report is based on early design data.
Where data is not available, information based on other similar operating plants will
be referred to.
2.
Project Proponent and DEIA Consultants

The project will be developed by Petroliam Nasional Berhad and any inquiries relating
to RAPID should be directed to:
Petroliam Nasional Berhad
(Project RAPID-PETRONAS Downstream Business)
Level 62, Vista Tower
182, Jalan Tun Razak
50400 Kuala Lumpur
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Contact Person :
En. Wan Yusoff Wan Hamat
Designation
Executive Project Director, RAPID
Telephone
(+603) 2858 2101
Facsimile
(+603) 2858 2111
E-mail
yusoff.wan@petronas.com.my
Website
www.petronas.com.my
Integrated Envirotech Sdn Bhd (IESB) has been appointed as the Environmental
Consultant to carry out the study and preparation of the DEIA report for this project.
Any inquiries relating to this DEIA report should be directed to:
Integrated Envirotech Sdn Bhd (650387-K)
No. 32-2, Jalan Setiawangsa 11A, Taman Setiawangsa
54200 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia.
3.
Contact Person :
Dr. Mohd Zaki Bin Dato Mohd Said
Telephone
(+603) 4256 6623
Facsimile
(+603) 4251 9623
Email
drzaki@envirotech.com.my
Website
www.envirotech.com.my
Project Location
RAPID will be located on a 6,424 acres of land in West Pengerang, District of Kota
Tinggi, south-east of Johor. RAPID is bounded by the Strait of Singapore and Road
J52 to the south (connecting Sg Rengit to Tg Pengelih), Road 92 to the east (from Sg
Rengit to Kota Tinggi) and Sebana Cove Resort to the north. Significant landmarks
will be the Deepwater Terminal (PDWT) on the south and the Naval Base in Tanjung
Pengelih to the west. The proposed site currently consist of a mix of private
plantation, individual residential lots and state land which is leased for agriculture
related activities (Refer to Figure ES-1).
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4.
Statement of Needs
In brief, Statement of Needs looks into the justification for RAPID to be implemented
in Pengerang, Johor. RAPID is one of the major investments to be made by
PETRONAS in developing domestic downstream oil and gas industry. This chapter
focuses on the importance of RAPID to PETRONAS sustainability and how RAPID
project fits into the followings:
a) Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) under business opportunities
identified in the National Key Economic Areas (NKEA);
b) Southern Johor Integrated Development Plan where Johor State are planning to
balance development from concentrating within the Johor Baharu district.
c) The Johor State Government aspiration to develop Pengerang as the new oil and
gas hub in Malaysia
Implementation of RAPID project is further supported by the availability of the

feedstock to be sourced out from other PETRONAS investment in other countries.
RAPID is also part of PETRONAS continuous effort to diversify its business and to
sustain its growth to be one of the global key oil and gas players. The decision to
implement RAPID was made after thorough market analysis which include studies on
the trend for the cycle of the crude oil and petrochemical product prices to determine
the appropriate timing to invest into new development project and looking into the
production of various petroleum and petrochemical products including specialty
chemicals to meet both domestic and regional demands.
Project RAPID is listed as one of the Entry Point Projects (EPP) under business
opportunities identified in the National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) that will
contribute to Growth National Income (GNI). Project RAPID will contribute in
sustaining oil production and enhancing downstream activities whilst positioning
Malaysia as the leading oil services hub in Asia.
RAPID is expected to be the major impetus transforming Southern Johor into the new
oil, gas and petrochemicals hub in Malaysia. Johor has the advantage of having the
infrastructure strategic and conducive for the required logistics for product and
feedstock movement. Further to this, Johor is seen as politically stable with attractive
governance support that has the potential to attract significant FDIs from world-class
companies who will not only invest in a profitable venture, but will also contribute to
technology and expertise to further develop our local in-house talent and capabilities
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The expected multiplier effect from RAPID will also be significant and vital for the
State of Johor where an estimated 40,000 (at peak) and 4,000 job opportunities will
be created during the RAPID four (4) years of construction phase and upon
operation, respectively. It is also expected that further 4,600 job opportunities to be
created from the FDI in the area of Pengerang. The spill over effect to other industries
to support the development in Pengerang will create an additional 10,000 job
opportunities.
5.
Project Description
Project description in this DEIA report provides an overview of the RAPID project
which covers both Construction Phase and Operational Phase. The description for
the Construction Phase looks into the construction approach and strategy while the
description for the Operational Phase covers the description of each of the RAPID
project components. Overview provided in this chapter will be used as cross
reference in the assessment of the potential impacts and mitigating measures
discussed in Chapter 8 of this report.
RAPID is to be located on a 6,424 acres (2,600 ha) of land comprising agriculture and
residential land use. As the site areas is huge and involves resettlement of the
population and demolition of the existing structures, the construction implementation
philosophy is developed in such as way that it takes into account the phasing and
scheduling that matches the overall RAPID master implementation plan, committed
product delivery target dates and the State of Johor salient dates i.e. population
relocation, relocation of the cemeteries and availability of the utilities and amenities to
support the progress of the construction in the next four (4) years. Figure ES-2
shows the phases and the implementation schedule for the RAPID construction
phase.
The estimated RM60 billion investments will realised a world scale integrated plant
incorporated with state of the art technologies including the Best Available
Technology (BAT) to ensure consistent compliance to the regulatory requirements.
Design philosophy will include the green production concept with lower carbon
footprint and energy savings to ensure environmentally friendly production. RAPID
main components are the refinery and petrochemical plants. PCP will be supplying for
RAPID requirements with the excess energy and power generation to be supplied for
distribution to the national grid and Singapore. Gas from the RGT-2 Terminal will be
supplied to the PCP and excess to the PGU system.
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The locations of the main RAPID components are as indicated in Figure ES-3 of the
proposed plot plan layout for RAPID. In brief, RAPID main process units are as
describe below:
a) Refinery
This facility will include a 300,000 barrel-per-day refinery that produces naphtha,
gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and fuel oil. Main feedstock for the Refinery will be the
light crude from the Middle East (Basrah, Iraq) or equivalent. The crude oil is
brought to RAPID via crude vessel and delivery will be via the Pengerang
Deepwater Terminal (PDWT) and crude is pumped into storage tanks at the jetty
to allow it to separate the water from the crude oil. The crude oil is transported via
pipelines to the storage in the refinery prior being refined.
The refinery is designed to have a crude refining capacity of 300,000 BPSD into
the following products:
(i)
Mogas
: 65.7 kbd
(ii)
Diesel
: 92.7 kbd
(iii)
Jet Fuel
: 20.4 kbd
(iv)
Fuel Oil
: 27.3 kbd
(v)
Sulphur
: 460 ktpa
(vi)
Naphtha
: 103 kbd (feedstock for the Naphtha Steam Cracker)
The crude feedstock will also be the feedstock to the petrochemicals and polymer
complex including a three (3) million tonne-per-year (tpy) naphtha cracker and
petrochemical derivatives facilities focusing on synthetic rubber to meet the
increasing demand. The overall process flow block diagram which indicates the
feedstock, products and the main units for the Refinery is as in Figure ES-4.
Oil refinery will blend various feedstock, mix appropriate additives, provide short
term storage, and prepare for bulk loading to trucks, barges and product
shipments via the PDWT facility.
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b) Petrochemical Complex
The petrochemical complex is an integrated complex with the following main
process units are:
(i)
Steam Cracker Unit;
(ii)
C2 Derivatives Unit;
(iii)
C3 Derivatives Unit;
(iv)
C4 Derivatives Unit; and
(v)
C5/C6 Derivatives Unit.
The associated products and production capacity in tons per annum (TPA) based
on 8,000 hours of operation for each of the main process units are as
summarised below:
Unit Name
a) STEAM CRACKER UNIT
Unit Capacity (TPA)

: 1,100,000
b) C2 DERIVATIVES UNIT
-
Linear Low Density PolyEthylene (LLDPE)
: 350,000
Low Density PolyEthylene (LDPE)
: 150,000
Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Glycol Unit (EOEG)
: 540,000
Glycol Ethers Unit
: 130,000
c) C3 DERIVATIVES UNIT
-
Random PP Unit
: 400,000
Block PP Copolymers Unit
: 200,000
Propylene Oxide Unit
: 260,000
PolyPropylene Glycol Unit
: 50,000
d) C4 DERIVATIVES UNIT
-
Butadiene Extraction Unit
: 170,000
Polybutadiene Rubber Unit (PBR)
: 100,000
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Unit (NBR)
: 100,000
IsoButylene Extraction Unit
: 300,000
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Unit Name
Unit Capacity (TPA)
MethylMethAcrylate Unit (MMA)
: 150,000
PolyMethylMethAcrylate Unit (PMMA)
: 150,000
e) C5/C6 DERIVATIVES UNIT
Pyrolysis Gasoline Unit (Pygas)
: 748,000
C5 Dienes Extraction Unit
: 60,000
Benzene Extraction Unit
: 170,000
Cumene Unit
: 270,000
Phenol Unit
: 200,000
Bis-Phnol A Unit (BPA)
: 200,000
The overall process flow block diagram which indicate the feedstock, products
and the main units for the Petrochemical Plant is as in Figure ES-5.
c) Central Utility Facilities (CUF)
The facilities encompass the followings:
Power/ Cogeneration (COGEN) plant aka Pengerang Cogen Plant (PCP);
LNG Regasification Facility (RGT-2 Terminal); and
Other Utilities Facility
Offsite Storage and Facility
(i) Pengerang Cogeneration Plant (PCP)

Power/ Cogeneration (COGEN) plant is known as Pengerang Cogen Plant
(PCP) with a designed total power and steam generation system capacity of
approximately 2,000 MW in electricity and 2,131 t/h of steam. The main fuel
for the plant is natural gas to be supplied from the LNG Regasification Plant
(RGT2). In brief, PCP comprises :
Six (6) of Gas Turbines Generators (GTGs) and six (6) nos of Heat
Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs);
Three (3) Steam Turbine Generators (STG) on 3 blocks;
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The excess power generation will partly be sold to the national grid and partly
supplied to the neighbouring country. The main process units for PCP are as in
Figure ES-6.
(ii)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Regasification Facility (RGT-2 Terminal)

RGT-2 Terminal receives and stores LNG from LNG carriers, vaporizes the
LNG and delivers natural gas to components in the RAPID complex. The
natural gas (NG) system will convey gas from the LNG Regasification Plant
(RGT-2 Terminal) to the PCP gas turbines. The regasification process in
RGT-2 Terminal involves conversion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) back to
natural gas to be used as feedstock for the power plant (PCP) to supply for
energy. The regasification capacity of the RGT-2 Terminal plant is 10
MTPA (1400 mmscfd). The gas will be delivered to PCP for conversion into
energy and steam to be supplied for RAPID consumption. The excess gas
is sent out to the national gas network which is the Peninsular Gas
Utilisation Grid (PGU) system, located approximately 75 km away from
RAPID.
The main process units for RGT-2 Terminal are as in Figure ES-7.
(iii) Centralized Facility (CUF)

The facility includes the facilities which are centralized to cater and support
for the operational needs of RAPID complex. The utilities are designed to
meet the requirements of various plants operating modes including startups, shutdowns, turn down operations, peak load etc without affecting the
product quality, equipment performance and reliability. CUF consists of the
following major components:
Fuel Gas System;
Water systems (i.e. potable water, fire water, service water,

demineralized water);
Cooling Water System
Steam Systems (i.e. boiler feed water, steam and condensate

system)
Air Separation;
Effluent Treatment Plant;
Gaseous Emission Control including the centralised flaring units;
Waste Management;
Chemical Storage;
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(iv) Offsite Storage and Facility
The offsites and tankage area are located at two (2) different places i.e.
Crude Storage, Petrochemical Feedstock and Final Product within Tanks
Marine and Jetty facilities located outside RAPID and which will be built
and operated by third party and within the RAPID offsites and tankages
which include intermediate tanks, day tanks, slop tanks and blending
facilities.
6.
Project Option
This chapter discusses on options that were evaluated prior to decision to proceed
with the project design and implementation. The evaluation on the project options
justifies the project implementation decision and the followings are taken into
account:
a) Options based on Cost Benefit Analysis
b) Options for the technology selection of the project
c) Options for the locations of the projects
The initial step for a decision to initiate a project is to look into the Cost Benefit
Analysis where extensive studies were conducted to look into the trending in the past
couple of decades for the global market demand for the oil and gas related products.
Projection in the future demand and current market supply was studied to ensure the
extent of the supply gaps which PETRONAS can leverage onto. The economics and
cost benefit analysis provides the base decision for PETRONAS on deciding for
options of the types of plants and products to focus on i.e. products from refinery and
petrochemical plants and the volume of the production based on the projected
demand.
The types of specific target product and its quantity provide the base information on
the capacity of the proposed RAPID development. From here, concept of RAPID
together with options of the available technology for the plant to produce the intended
production capacity and types of products were studied under the Design Feasibility
Study (DFS). DFS provides options for the concept of the technology selection and
recommends the best options to be adopted. Evaluation for each of the options is
based on factors such as available technology to produce the products, schedule to
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implement the project to meet the projected global demand and right feedstock price
and economic evaluation of investment and the associated return period.
Finally, upon the decision of the options of the technology and components of RAPID
development is made, the suitable site location options were evaluated. In general,
the site location options usually takes into account the availability of land area to suit
the land requirements of the proposed development, policy of the State on supporting
the development i.e. infrastructure, tax structure, land ownership and acquisition
process and availability or close proximity to the source of feedstock for production
and feedstock for the utility requirements;
The discussion on this chapter is narrow down to the options of the site made
available Johor State and shall not be centred on the options for the design concept
of the plant for RAPID. The design concept of RAPID (capacity, types of production
and development components) is basically already at the advance stage. However,
as the engineering design is still at an early stage, the confirmed technology selection
based on BATs and best practices has not been finalised. As RAPID is one of the
major development in the country and will be facing a high expectation to adopt the
state of the art technology that consider the production cost, economy of scale and
global demand for the environmentally friendly operation.
7.
Scope and Methodology

This chapter discusses the scope and the methodology utilized for assessing the
baseline conditions of the RAPID project area and approach taken in conducting the
specialized study.
The environmental baseline study (EBS) was carried out to establish environmental
conditions on the existing environment of the RAPID study area. EBS covers the site
and the areas 5 km surrounding the site. Baseline data are derived from two sources
i.e. primary data from specific field surveys executed, and secondary data from
existing available databases, literature, remote sensing, etc.
The EBS encompasses various environmental components which include the

physical, chemical, biological and human environments. The baseline environmental
data will be used as a yardstick to measure the extent of impact to the surrounding
environment and nearby receptors during the phases of the project development. It
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will also be used in the future to gauge the effectiveness of the control/mitigating
measures adopted during the construction and operational phases of this project.
The EBS studies included in this DEIA are:
Environmental sampling and analysis for the ambient air, surface water,
marine water, noise, soil and ground water quality, seabed sediment quality;
Fish Catch Analysis and fish landing information;
Socio economic survey for 355 respondent from the villages in the study area;
The specialized studies are carried out by the certified subject matter experts and
include:
Flora and fauna mapping;

Traffic Analysis Study;
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Air Dispersion Study;
Health Assessment Study;
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
Coastal and River Hydraulic Modeling
The specialized study in this chapter outlines the objective of the study, methodology
or study approach and key results or findings expected from the study and how it is
used in the impact assessment and proposal of mitigating measures.
8.
Description of the Existing Environment

The chapter on the description of existing environment looks into the description of
the physical, chemical, biological and human environment. The study on the existing
environment covers an area of 5 km radius from the RAPID site boundary and shall
be used as base conditions for comparison in the future so that the RAPID activities
sustains the same environmental quality.
Physical environment presents data on the current physical condition of the study
area. This includes the topography, drainage pattern, soil strata and geological
formation, meteorological information, bathymetry and marine data and land use
pattern of the study area.
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In general, it can be concluded that due to the size of the study area, the topography
of the site is a variation of high elevation to low lying areas towards the coast in the
south and Sg Santi catchment in the north. Similar finding for the geological condition
where the soil investigation findings indicated the study area is a mixture of various
soil types ranging from soft soil to hard rock. No major gazette river is identified to
flow through the project site. The land use pattern is a mixture of agriculture and
residential.
The chemical environment involves conducting the sampling and analysis of the
ambient air, noise, surface and marine water quality, soil and groundwater quality and
seabed sediment quality. The numbers of the monitoring points are as summarized
below :
(i)
Air quality station
: 28 points
(ii)
Noise level station
: 28 points
(iii)
Surface water quality station
: 10 points
(iv)
Marine water quality station
: 8 points
(v)
Seabed sediment quality station
: 8 points
(vi)
Soil quality station
: 30 points
(vii)
Groundwater quality station
: 30 points
Generally, analysis result indicated that the ambient air, marine water and seabed
sediment quality are good with most of the parameter are lower than the reference
limits/standards. Some of the river monitoring points shows high level of arsenic,
cadmium, iron, lead and manganese presence exceeding the reference
limit/standards. The existing ambient noise level generally can be considered as high
and most of the monitored locations showed readings exceeding the reference limit.
The soil and ground water quality majority indicated level of parameters which are
lower than the reference limit/standards with results of some of the monitoring points
indicated level of arsenic and iron exceeding the reference limit/standard.
The biological environment includes the inventory of the flora and fauna, marine
aquatic life and marine fishery resources. From the flora and fauna mapping and
survey, the study area does not have any significant sighting or record of endangered
flora or fauna species that are protected or categorized as endangered. However, Sg
Santi mangrove area is not covered in the study as it is more than 5 km away from
the study area.
The study on the marine aquatic life indicated that the marine species present in the
coastal areas is of low diversity where there is no recorded presence of corals which
are the main sanctuary for marine life. As Johor is also known to be one of the
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Dugong stranding areas and identified locations for the seagrass, inventory of the
Dugong sighting and stranding areas are also included in the study. The marine
fishery resource inventory is also included in the study as there will be a few numbers
of landing jetties and lobsters breeding areas.
This study on the existing human environment includes the socio-economic

assessment, health assessment; and traffic count survey. The socio economic
studies focused at the existing economic conditions as well as the predicted impacts
of the RAPID project towards the population in the surrounding communities. The
findings on public perception on the projects and what are the environmental losses
that they anticipated were derived from the survey conducted on 355 respondents
that represent the impacted population group/villages in the study area. The villages
where the surveys are conducted are as indicated in Figure ES-8.
The survey also gauged the health profile and hygiene conditions of the communities
residing within and in the surrounding areas of the RAPID site (up to 5 km radius from
RAPID site boundary). Of concern will be the findings on the waste disposal practice
which are not systematic due to poor collection system. Majority of the waste are
burnt instead of disposed to the approved locations. Data was also gathered from the
local health clinics and hospitals to record the cases of disease that is predicted to be
on the rise due to RAPID implementation i.e. air pollution related disease, skin
diseases, water borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases.
The traffic survey reviews the existing land and marine traffic activities to ascertain
current traffic conditions.
9.
Potential Impact and Mitigating Measures

This section identifies the potential impacts that may arise as a result of the RAPID
project implementation activities and evaluates the significance of the impacts. The
potential impacts will be assessed for the two (2) project implementation phases i.e.
construction and testing, commissioning and operational phase. The key project
activities assessed at each of the phases are:
a) Construction Phase
Access to site
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Drainage facilities
Site clearing
Earthworks
Temporary construction facilities and base camp
Facility construction and equipment installation
b) Operational Phase
Access to site
Drainage systems
Air emission
Discharge into the surface water
Effluent discharge into the marine water
Waste management
Noise level
The key environmental components that will likely to be impacted include:

a)
Physico-chemical environment
Air Quality;
Surface water quality;
Marine water quality;
Noise level;
Odour level;
b)
Biological Environment
Marine life and ecology
River ecosystem
Flora and fauna
c)
Human Environment
Human health and safety
Economic activities
Social well being
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As summary, the construction activities that will create significant impacts will be from
the site clearing and ground leveling works as it involves huge construction areas,
high volume of the materials to be disposed and movement of a big numbers of
construction vehicles. The main environmental components that may be significantly
affected are the water quality of the receiving water bodies, dust generation and
safety issues to the nearby communities. Various mitigating measures are proposed
to be adopted among which are the provision of sediment basin to cater for the
increased of the surface runoff and carryover of the sediment into the water bodies,
efficient traffic management plan and an effective environmental management plan.
The influx of the semi skilled and unskilled construction workers and business related
to construction activities is expected to boom in the next four (4) years. This may
generate business potentials and is a positive impact to the local communities.
However, this also may pose a negative social, cultural and religious conflict and
sensitivity to the local populations.
Upon RAPID operation, the main activities of concern will be the emission into the air
due to the various types of plant processes and emission sources, high volume of the
discharges into the marine water, water management due to the various types of
waste generated and high volume to be handled daily, economic activities required to
support for the plants operation and impact to the social and living status of the
locals.
For plant related processes, various engineering protective measures were to be

incorporated in the plant design to ensure plant is operated efficiently, safely and
environmentally friendly especially in the event of emergency and shutdown. RAPID
is expected to generated spillover effect to Pengerang which may attract FDIs to fulfill
the Johor state aspiration for the growth of a new oil and gas hub in Johor. This is
seen to be positive to the local economic growth and the living status of the
communities. However, as Pengerang is a quite area with slow pace development,
the sudden changes with influx of outsiders and foreigners may have negative impact
to the livelihood of the communities.
The impact registers and the proposal for the mitigating measures are as summarized
in the followings Table ES-3 and ES-4 while Figure ES-9 shows the impact matrix for
the RAPID project.
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10.
Residual Impact
This chapter discusses the residual impacts which are environmental impacts that
may still persist, although mitigation measures to minimise the impacts are fully
implemented and complied during the RAPID project activities, both in construction
and operation phases.
Residual impact has not been identified resulting from the construction activities as
the impacts are mainly localized and short term. However, the operation stage may
results in residual impacts particularly in the air quality, marine biological life, flora
and fauna ecosystem and the socio economic of the locals.
The residual impact from the emission to the air from RAPID is expected to be
minimal and insignificant for the normal operation but is expected to be significant
during emergency scenario. However, various mitigating and protective measures to
safeguard the environment has been incorporated in the plant design. The dispersion
study and the ground level concentrations are meeting the Recommended Malaysia
Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (RMAAQG) and will not have any health effect of
concern due to exposure to the pollutants.
The residual impact is expected to be to the flora and fauna and the marine
ecosystem. Residual impact to the marine life is expected to be minimal and localised
as dispersion condition in the outfall areas is good and the exchange capacity of the
marine water is high. Residual impact to the flora and fauna and the ecology system
in the vicinity of the study area results from the clearing and ground leveling of the
site that will destroy the natural habitats. However this is not expected to be
significant as the area is low in diversity and there are ample habitat areas nearby for
the flora and fauna to migrate and developed and new ecological chain.
The major and significant residual impact to the study area and the surrounding
communities will be on the socio and economic well being of the areas. Economic
wise, the residual impact is positive and beneficial for the local community, Johor
State and the nation. However, with the influx of outsiders and immigrant workers of
various skills, there may be changes in the lifestyles of the locals which may results in
negative cultural, religious and social conflict.
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11.
Economic Evaluation
The economic valuation exercise monetizes the significant physical impacts in term of
environmental costs and benefits. Valuation was undertaken upon the economic
costs occurring from the project that includes the followings:
a) Expenditure on mitigation measures for pollution control measures i.e. scrubbers

units, CEMS installation and the wastewater treatment facility;
b) Residual GHG emissions from the burning of fuel that include pollutants such as
carbon dioxides (CO2), sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) that may
have the long term effect to the environment;
c) Decline in economic value from the closure and destruction of various agricultural
and fishery investments by the local community.
The economic valuation in this report has been confined to the RAPID site and the 5
km radius from the site boundary. Main constraint of extending the exercise outside of
the study area and evaluating the impact to the environment and community is due to
lack of concrete cause and effect evidence between the project development and the
potential impacts that may take place. The numbers generated under this study is
basically an estimation to monetize the losses to various stakeholders including the
Project Proponent and should not be used as basis for claiming any compensation.
Cumulating the negative impacts together over a period of ten years and discounting
the cash flows using interest rates of 3%, 5% and 7%, provided an estimated range of
-RM5.4 billion to - RM4.8 billion in potential losses to various stakeholders. Out of the
Total Economic Value (TEV) estimates of RM5,210 million (discount rate of 5%), the
project proponent would incur a total economic cost of more than RM631.2 million or
12.11% for investment in safeguarding the environment while the rest of the losses
goes to the society.
12.
Quantitative Risk Assessment

This chapter covers the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) study conducted for the
process units in the RAPID project. The objectives of the QRA study are to identify
and quantify the probability and consequences of the potential accidents at the
proposed plants that may impact the surrounding offsite areas, to calculate the level
May2012
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
of risk, and to suggest measures to reduce the level of risk if higher than the
allowable level in compliance with DOE risk criteria.
Findings from the QRA study indicated that the extent of all consequences assessed
are limited within the industrial development surrounding the proposed RAPID
facilities, which is in compliance with DOEs risk acceptance criteria as followings :
That the following hazard zones/ Individual Risk contour for credible
scenarios are within the site boundary
2
37.5kW/m heat radiation hazard zone;
The 5psi overpressure contour (credible scenarios only); and
The 1x10 per year IR contour.
-5
IR Contours:
-5
The 1 x 10 per year IR contour remains within the site boundary, i.e.
RAPID development facility only; and
The 1 x 10 per year IR contour remains within the established

industrial development, i.e. RAPID site boundary.
-6
The above results are in compliance of the requirements stipulated by the DOE risk
criteria as shown below :
IR Contours
-5
1 10 per year
-6
1 10 per year
Max Distance to
Contour (m)
Confirmation
402
Contours confined within each unit process

boundary.
2,370
The contour extends offsite from each unit

process at north, south and west. Contours
confined within RAPID site boundary.
In conclusion, the QRA study has assessed that RAPID satisfies the individual risk
criteria as set out by the DOE and illustrated in Figure ES-10. However, it is deemed
that worst case scenarios may pose an impact to the surrounding areas of the
proposed project.
May2012
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
13.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

This chapter outlines the environmental management requirements for RAPID
construction and operation stage. The main objectives of the EMP are to comply to
the DOE requirements and the tools for check and balance of the project activities
that that place, indicator that trigger the early action to remediate the environmental
non conformance and tracking the effectiveness of the mitigating measures adopted.
EMP includes the incorporation of the recommended measures for the control of
erosion and sedimentation (described in the ESCP Study), the monitoring of the
environmental performance at critical locations and the environmental audit exercise.
In brief the main EMP program are as summarized below :
a) Monitoring Program
The proposed monitoring program is as below but will be later refined to suit DOE
requirements and to include the DEIA Conditions of Approval. The sampling
points are selected to monitor the environmental performance and impacts to the
sensitive receptors located outside of the RAPID boundary, control points for
comparison and points within the site to capture the effectiveness of the
mitigating measures installed.
Table ES-1 : Proposed Monitoring Program During Construction Stage
No
Stations
No of
Stations
Monitoring
Frequency
Submission of
Report to DOE
Air Quality
22
Monthly
Quarterly
Noise Level
22
Monthly
Quarterly
Sediment Basins
17
Monthly
Quarterly
Sewage discharge point
Monthly
Quarterly
Surface Water Quality
Monthly
Quarterly
Marine Water Quality
Monthly
Quarterly
Seabed Sediment Quality
Quarterly
Biannual
Soil Quality
14
Monthly
Quarterly
9.
Groundwater Quality
14
Monthly
Quarterly
Environmental Audit during construction to be conducted
: Annually
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table ES-2 : Proposed Monitoring Program During Operation Stage

No
Stations
No of
Stations
Monitoring
Frequency
Submission of
Report to DOE
Air Quality
17
Quarterly
Biannual
Noise Level
17
Quarterly
Biannual
3.
Cooling/Effluent Discharge outfall
Quarterly
Biannual
Surface Water Quality and Retention

Basins
13
Quarterly
Biannual
Sewage discharge point
Quarterly
Biannual
Marine Water Quality
Quarterly
Biannual
Seabed Sediment Quality
Quarterly
Biannual
Soil Quality
14
Quarterly
Biannual
9.
Groundwater Quality
14
Monthly
Quarterly
Environmental Audit is to be conducted internally by the individual plant operators

once in every 2 years.
14.
Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

This chapter outlines the general framework of the Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
to provide standard guidelines on handling any emergency incidents that may
potentially occur during the RAPID project construction and operation stage. This
chapter also outlines procedures in emergency response in coordination with the
relevant government agencies and nearby communities. Main objective of having an
ERP is to guide the project in a safe, timely, and effective response to incidents that
threaten the plant area and public health, safety, or welfare. It is also intended to
promote coordination among project owner, local, private public and state responders
and determine the training of involved personnel in improving the level of emergency
preparedness. The ERP under this Chapter also outlines the roles and responsibility
of the personnel at site and in plant organization during the emergency scenario.
May2012
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
15.
Conclusion
The proposed study area in Pengerang is in general an area with slow pace
development where the main economic activities revolve in the agriculture and fishery
sector. The baseline data indicated the current environment quality is generally good.
Upon the implementation of RAPID, the study area will experience major changes
which may have impact to the surrounding environment, local communities and
current economic scenario.
During construction stage, identified major impacts may be from the site clearing and
earthwork activities mainly due to the size of the site to be developed. The impacts
may be significant however only for short duration. The influx of big numbers of
workers to this area will inadvertently generate positive impact to the local economic
activities but may impose negative social impacts to the local communities.
Upon RAPID operation, main concern will be on the emission to the air causing
nuisance and health effect to the nearby receptors and the management of the
various types of waste generated by various plant processes in RAPID. However,
with adoption of the effective Environmental Management Plan, state of the art
technologies, appropriate mitigating measures that meet compliance, BATs, best
practices and lesson learnt from other PETRONAS Operating Units, the potential
impacts to the environment and nearby receptors can be reduce.
Upon operation, RAPID will permanently transform Pengerang and enhance the
community living status. The ripples of the economic spill will be cascaded to benefit
not just Johor State but also the nation as well.
It should be noted that this DEIA report was prepared at an early RAPID development
phase when the project is at a very preliminary design stage. Most of the information
and data used in this report is subjected to changes when RAPID is at the later
design stage which may include the final plot plan layout, selection of the
technologies, final capacity of the plants and list of RAPID components. There will be
submissions of additional data either as addendum or supplementary reports to
update DOE progressively when information is available or when design are finalized.
May2012
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DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED REFINERY AND
PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT (RAPID) IN PENGERANG, JOHOR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table ES-3 : Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures for the RAPID Project During Construction Phase
NO
1.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Access to Site
a) Movement of
construction
related vehicles
from the site into
J52 and Road
90
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Generation of the fugitive dust
and increased in noise level
along the access road may
affect residence in Kg Lepau
Dust from construction activities
may also trigger respiratory
diseases like asthma, rhinitis
and respiratory infections
Safety of other road users at
J52 and Road 90 and
residences along the access
route to the site ingress and
egress
Damage to the existing laterite
road which may not be able to
take the additional load from the
heavy construction vehicles
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
a)
b)
c)
d)
Air Quality
Noise Level
Safety
Amenities
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
RECOMMENDED MITIGATING MEASURES
REMARK/COMMENTS
Enforcement of speed restrictions to reduce

dust generation and dispersion (~15 km/h);
Exposed soil areas, excavated materials,
stockpiles and on-site haul roads should be
dampened with water during dry season
Vehicle wheel-wash facilities are to be
provided at the exit(s) of the RAPID
construction site and to be fully manned;
Lorry loads should be provided with
adequate sizes of secure load covers;
Ensure proper housekeeping and cleanliness
of the entire construction site especially at
the exit and entrance to the site;
Construction of a network of temporary
internal roads with proper traffic movement
plan to avoid the potential collision of the
construction vehicles;
Upgrade the existing identified access route
to take the additional construction vehicle
load
Structured traffic management plan to
prevent safety issues with the existing road
May2012
ES22 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
2.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Drainage
Facilities
POTENTIAL IMPACT
b) Closure of part
of the existing
road from J52 to
Kg Lepau
Disruption to the user of the J52

road to access from Tg
Pengelih to Kg Lepau and Kg
Rengit and vice versa.
a) Realignment of
the Existing
Drainage
System and
Construction of
the Temporary
Drainage
Flooding of the downstream

receiving water bodies affecting
nearby residences
Deterioration of the water
quality of the receiving water
bodies
Disturb and smothered
sedentary organisms that
results in loss of benthic and
bottom feeding organisms
Water ponding/ water log of the
areas within the site will be
potential breeding ground for
mosquitoes
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MINOR
a) Amenities
MAJOR
Surface Water
Quality
Marine Water
Quality
Health
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
users.
Provision of an alternative road to access
from J52 to Kg Lepau and Road 90 while
waiting for the new road proposed by the
State
Provision of the sediment basin to retain the
additional surface water runoff and to ensure
water quality of downstream water bodies
are not affected;
Implement soil stabilization techniques in
accordance to ESCP.
Stockpiling of topsoil away from
watercourse.
Effluent discharge monitoring program at
sediment/retention basins prior to release to
external water bodies;
To conduct regular check on the water
ponds/ water logs area to ensure mosquitoes
breeding are under control
Ensure proper housekeeping and
cleanliness of the entire construction site.
3.
Site Clearing
a) Trees Cutting
Carryover of the suspended
Implement Erosion Sediment Control Plan
May2012
ES23 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
and Removal
from site to
disposal area
POTENTIAL IMPACT
solids and organic content in
the surface run-off could result
in potential flooding of the
downstream receiving water
bodies and deceased in the
water quality and disturb and
smothered sedentary
organisms.
Lorries movement transporting
the waste material to disposal
site will cause increased in
traffic volume, increase in noise
level and concern on safety to
public;
Fugitive dust generation from
vehicle and equipment engine
exhaust and wind erosion of
unpaved works area during
construction activities may
trigger respiratory diseases like
asthma, rhinitis and respiratory
infections
Biomass and unsuitable
materials not removed from site
will cause water logging and
breeding ground for
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MAJOR
Surface water
quality
Marine water
quality
Air quality
Traffic
Noise Level
Health
Flora
Fauna
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
(ESCP) as recommended in the ESCP

study (Sediment and retention basins)
Construction of temporary drainage and
sediment ponds prior to tree cutting and site
clearing
The proposed design of the platform level
will be optimised through a balance cut and
fill to minimise the import or export of the
materials
construction vehicles
construction site and manned at all times
and the tyres of all vehicles exiting the site
must be cleaned;
Vehicle on-site speed restrictions should be
imposed to reduce dust generation and
dispersion (~15 km/h);
During the transport of potentially dusty
materials to/from the site, lorry loads should
May2012
ES24 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
mosquitoes;
Heavy machinery such as
bulldozers, excavators, lorries
and 4WD vehicles involved in
the site clearing and earthwork
activities may cause spillage
incidents affecting the soil and
groundwater quality
Tree cutting for land clearing is
likely to damage or destroy key
habitats such as nesting sites,
including old hollow trees,
feeding and breeding grounds
for wildlife.
The tress cutting and site
levelling may displace fauna
away from their current habitat
to the nearby villagers causing
nuisance, disturbance and
issues of safety for the nearby
residents.
The sudden appearance of
cleared ground along their
usual pathway could cause
disorientation to the natural
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
be provided with adequate secure load

covers;
Effective environmental management plan to
ensure proper housekeeping and cleanliness
of the entire construction site
Minimize the volume of waste to be disposed
by selling the reusable materials such as the
cut rubber tress and structures demolished
which can be done via segregation of waste;
Designated temporary dumping on site prior
to removal of the biomass to the designated
disposal site;
Identification of the disposal site to be
closest to RAPID site;
Disposal site that has the capacity to accept
the waste volume has been identified and
approved by the relevant authorities;
Exposed soil areas, excavated materials,
stockpiles and on-site haul roads should be
dampened with water during dry ambient
conditions.
Construct security posts at the critical
May2012
ES25 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
migratory instinct of some
avifauna and animals.
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
locations along the RAPID site Boundary to

ensure the safety of the nearby publics and
to prevent trespassers
No unnecessary logging is done in areas
outside the development area e.g. the buffer
zones, mangrove forests.
Boundaries must be clearly marked on the
ground demarcating land clearing blocks.
Chemicals, metals and other hazardous
substances which are brought into the site
must be carefully-handled and stored to
prevent spillage from contaminating the soil,
ground water and nearby water bodies;
Any fauna encountered during the
construction, particularly snakes and lizards
should be carefully removed and released
into the adjacent forest.
Solid waste from the construction site,
especially plastic material that may be
picked up and consumed by fauna species
and other wildlife, needs to be discarded
safely and properly managed
May2012
ES26 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
b) Demolition of the
existing
structures and
services
relocation
(Phase 2)
POTENTIAL IMPACT
the demolition material to
disposal site will cause
increased in traffic volume,
increase in noise level and
concern on safety to public;
The presence of the workmen
and the noise of equipment like
chainsaw and tractors could
create disturbance on nearby
villagers.
Demolition and services
relocation waste not removed
from site will cause water
logging and breeding ground for
mosquitoes;
infections
Demolition of the existing utility
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
Surface water
quality
Marine water
quality
Soil and
groundwater
Quality
Air quality
Traffic
Noise Level
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
Segregation and salvaging the waste

material which can be sold and reuse to
reduce disposal volume;
Identification of the disposal site closest to
RAPID site with adequate capacity to cater
for the waste generated;
Designated temporary dumping on site prior
to removal of the waste material to the
designated disposal site;
must be cleaned;
covers
Efficient HSE management plan that ensure
effective housekeeping and cleanliness of
May2012
ES27 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
services may disrupt the
downstream end users causing
nuisance to the public livelihood
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
the entire construction site.

Route selection from Road 90 to avoid close
to existing villages and causing nuisance to
the existing residences
Provision of the sediment basin to retain the
additional surface water runoff and to ensure
water quality of downstream water bodies
are not affected;
All fuel oil, chemical and hazardous waste
storage to be bunded with concrete flooring
or HDPE liners.
storage and refueling shall be away from
watercourses at specified designated
locations.
Spill clean-up kit to be made available where
appropriate and spills incidents to be
May2012
ES28 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
reported to the HSE focal immediately;
4.
Earthworks
a) Transportation
of the topsoil
and unsuitable
material for
disposal

the demolition material to
disposal site will cause
increased in traffic volume,
increase in noise level and
concern on safety to public;
infections
Waste of topsoil and unsuitable
materials not removed from
site will cause water logging
and breeding ground;
Increased in surface water
runoff which result in potential
flooding of the downstream
receiving water bodies and
MAJOR
Surface water
quality
Marine water
quality
Air quality
Traffic
Noise Level
Flora and
Fauna
Public Safety
SHORT
TERM
Contaminated soil removed as hazardous

waste
must be cleaned;
covers;
Efficient HSE management Plan to ensure
proper housekeeping and cleanliness of the
entire construction site.
Design of the platform level to ensure
balanced cut and fill volume that will
minimise the export of material from the site;
Identification of the disposal site to be
closest to RAPID site;
May2012
ES29 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
deceased in the water quality;

and 4WD vehicles will be
involved in the site clearing and
earthwork activities may have
negative spillage impacts on the
surrounding flora
Provision of retention/sediment ponds to

cater for the increased in surface runoff and
ensure the water quality are discharged as
per authority requirements;
to existing kampungs and causing nuisance
to the existing residences
load
or HDPE liners.
May2012
ES30 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS

watercourses (>50m).
b) Soil Erosion
c) Rock Blasting
Potential erosion due to

massive areas of site clearing
and levelling may cause
deterioration of water quality
and instability of the finished
platform;
Increase the noise level and

fugitive dusts
Safety of the surrounding public
from the blasted rocks.
MODERATE
Surface water
quality
Marine water
quality
River and
marine ecology
Public Safety
MINOR
Noise Level
Air Quality
Public Safety
SHORT
TERM
SHORT
TERM
Spills to be reported and immediately to the

site HSE focal and contained. The
contaminated soil is to be removed as
hazardous waste
Immediate turfing or engineering

protection measures to prevent/minimise
erosion
Provision of retention/sediment ponds to

cater for the increased in surface runoff
and ensure the water quality are
discharged as per authority requirements.
The sediment basins need to be
maintained to ensure efficiency and
discharge is meeting the requirements;
Efficient HSE management to ensure

proper housekeeping and cleanliness of
the entire construction site.
To obtain permit from the relevant authorities

and public to be informed on the schedule
for the blasting;
Blasting to be carried out by
professionals/experts which are licensed by
May2012
ES31 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Fugitive dust generation may
infections
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
the relevant authorities;

Blasting to be carried out in the shortest
schedule possible to minimise the duration of
the impact to the public and surroundings;
Vibration and noise monitoring during
blasting
must be cleaned;
be provided with secure load covers; load
covers should extend at least 30 cm over the
tail and side boards
May2012
ES32 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
5.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Temporary
Construction
Facilities and
Base Camps
a) Sanitation
facilities
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Hygiene and health condition of

the areas surrounding the base
camp
Breeding ground for vermin and
spreading of water borne
diseases such as dengue and
cholera due to poor waste
management and uncollected
garbage;
Deterioration of the water
quality due to discharge of
untreated or partially treated
sewage;
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
Surface water
quality
Marine water
quality
River and
marine ecology
Public health
Aesthetics
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
Ensure proper housekeeping and

cleanliness of the entire construction site.
Garbage to be collected frequently and
disposed at the approved domestic waste
disposal site;
Provision of package plants for the sewage
treatment that meet the regulated standards
prior to discharge into the water bodies;
Efficient HSE management Plan to ensure
proper housekeeping and cleanliness of the
entire base camp.
May2012
ES33 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
b) Influx of Foreign
Workers
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Social related issues
Foreign workers who are not
properly screen for infectious
diseases may transmit them to
the local population
Increased in demand for
housing facilities and other
amenities
Increased in the local economic
activities i.e. small food stalls,
grocery shops etc. to cater for
the influx of the workers at the
RAPID site
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
Amenities
Social Issues
Economic
Activities
Public health
Aesthetics
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
To impose ground rules within the base

camp and enforce by the officers appointed
by the management
Foreign workers must be screened and
undergo health check for infectious diseases
Base camp is part of the mitigating
measures to contain the foreign workers
within the project site to prevent social
related issues with the local communities;
Base camp is a measure to overcome the
shortages of the existing housing facilities in
Pengerang and nearby towns
Increased in the local economic activities i.e.
small food stalls, grocery shops etc. to cater
for the influx of the workers at the RAPID site
May2012
ES34 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
6
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Plant
Construction
and
Equipment
Installation
a) Transportation
of Materials to
Site
POTENTIAL IMPACT

the equipments to the site as
well as piling and piping
activities will increase noise
level and concern on safety to
public;
wind erosion of unpaved works
area during construction
activities may trigger respiratory
Emissions of black smoke from
diesel engine construction
vehicles and equipment may
affect the ambient air quality
and 4WD vehicles will be
involved in the site clearing and
earthwork activities may have
negative spillage impacts on the
surrounding flora
Spillage of fuel, oil and
lubricants from temporary site
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
Air Quality
Soil and
groundwater
Quality
Traffic
Public Safety
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS

to existing kampungs and causing nuisance
to the existing residences
must be cleaned;
covers;
May2012
ES35 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
storage and construction
vehicles/equipment may
affecting surface, groundwater
or soil quality if they enter
surrounding water bodies or
permeate into the ground
Spillage of fine sediments due

the trenching works in Tg.
Setapa, where the intake and
outfall will be located will
potentially generate a sediment
plume that may have an impact
to the marine water quality,
marine life and ecology
particularly the organisms such
as fish, shrimp and the
immobile bottom dwellers.
Vehicle traffic and their
movements during the
construction phase are will
potentially cause traffic
congestion at the approach to
the site, most likely at the
junction of Road 92 / 90 / J52;,
traffic accident due to increased
volume of traffic traveling along
the roads and potential damage
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS

load
Housekeeping and management of waste at
site to ensure that any solid materials litter or
wastes are not disposed of into drainage
channels or any surrounding water bodies;
The change-out of lubrication oils from
construction equipment and vehicles on the
site should be controlled;
Construction of silt curtain around the
trenching areas.
Ensure construction vehicles and equipment
must comply with the emission limits
specified under the Environmental Quality
(Control of Emissions from Diesel Engines)
Regulations 1996.
Provision of the 500 m buffer zone to reduce
the noise by the time it reaches the receptors
Monitoring of the noise level during
construction and installation stage as in the
Environmental Management Plan
May2012
ES36 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
to the public roads;
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
Approval for normal and extra working hours

shall be obtained from local authorities, if
required.
Machines and vehicles that may be in
intermittent use should be shut down
between work periods or should be throttled
down to a minimum;
Equipment known to emit noise strongly in
one direction, should, where possible, be
orientated so that the noise is directed away
from potentially sensitive receivers;
or HDPE liners.
watercourses (>50m).
Spill clean-up kit to be made available where
appropriate and spills to be reported to HSE
focal and immediately contained.
May2012
ES37 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
7
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Utilities and
Amenities
Requirements
POTENTIAL IMPACT
With thousands of workers
being housed here, the current
utilities and amenities i.e.
clinics, power supply, water
supply, schools, etc., are not
enough to meet the demand for
projects worker and local
population
Disruption to the user of the J52
road to access from Tg
Pengelih to Kg Lepau and Kg
Rengit and vice versa.
Damage to the existing
pavement road pavement due
to heavy vehicle movement
during construction
Some of the existing bridge
crossing along road 90, 92 and
J52 cannot accommodate the
heavy vehicles carrying heavy
and oversize equipment during
construction
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MODERATE
Amenities and
Utilities
Traffic
Public Safety
Public
Nuisance
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
The need for the amenities to cater demand

at this project stage has to be communicated
to the UPENJ/State Government and RKK
(road upgrade, new road, waste disposal
facilities, required water supply etc)
Provision of an alternative road to access
from J52 to Kg Lepau and Road 90. Route
selection from road 90 to avoid close to
existing kampungs and causing nuisance to
the existing residences
load
Properly schedule the transportation by
moving during less peak hour (night time)
and identify the community related program
i.e. pasar malam, pasar tani, pasar minggu
etc and avoid transporting of equipment
during this peak hour.
May2012
ES38 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
8
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Socio and
Economic
Activities
POTENTIAL IMPACT
a) Relocation Plan
Disturbance of worship
places and cemeteries.
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
MAJOR
SHORT
Social Issues
and cultural
conflicts
Economic
Activities
Public Safety
TERM
REMARK/COMMENTS
Relocate affected villagers to the new

relocation area identified to be in Kg Dato
Abdul Ghani Othman situated about 20km
from the RAPID project site (refer to Figure
8.13);
Provide a better and organized facilities i.e.
schools, hospitals, clinics, markets,
multipurpose halls, etc.;
Engage with local religious leaders on the
best way to relocate cemeteries.
b) The Influx of
Workers Coming
to the RAPID
Site
Improved economic standing

due to increase of demand for
general needs and amenities
such as food, lodging, clothing,
etc.;
Improved public amenities such
as provision of landfill, water
supply, etc.;
Increase of job opportunities
from unskilled to skilled workers
and increased in the living
status and income percapita ;
To impose ground rules within the base

camp and enforce by the officers appointed
by management
Local culture training and awareness to
foreign workers, majority of workers to stay
in camp site,
Frequent community engagement, contribute
to local liveability and CSR programs, and
establish grievance procedure for complaint.
Provide health and medical facilities within
the base camp for minor health issues and
liaise with local health providers on health
May2012
ES39 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Expansion of the hospitality

related industries to cater for
the business needs that will be
taking place during the
construction stage.
Demand for local products by
foreign workers at the project
site such as fruits, vegetables
and livestock help generate
additional income to the local
residents.
Possible increase in crime rates

and disorder
Nuisance due to noise
Conflict due to cultural

misunderstanding among
workers and between local
residents
Real or perceived fear on issue

of safety and security where
possible increase of outsiders
trespassing locals private
places during construction
phase
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
REMARK/COMMENTS
service requirement, monitor the satisfaction

of community on health services.
Liaise with local education agency on
schools, vocational training
To provide a worship places facilities within
the relocation area that can accommodate
local residents
Identify, demarcate and limit workforce
access to places of worship and cemeteries
May2012
ES40 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Abandonment
Post
Construction
a) The mobilization
of construction
material outside
of the site
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Stress on existing infrastructure

especially health facilities and
education
the waste of the construction
material to disposal site will
cause increased in traffic
volume, increase in noise level
and concern on safety to
public;
wind erosion of unpaved works
area during construction
activities may trigger respiratory
NEGLIGIBLE
Traffic
Air Quality
Water Quality
Social Issues
and cultural
conflicts;
Public Safety
Public Health
DURATION
SHORT
TERM
Access roads and temporary tracks to be revegetated and make good where pot holes
are to be repaired;
REMARK/COMMENTS
Decommissioned water retention ponds will

be fill up and re-vegetated;
Housekeeping and management of waste at
site to ensure that any solid materials litter or
wastes are transported out to the approved
disposal site
Litter and unmanaged garbage

disposal is the potential
breeding grounds for
mosquitoes and vermins;
Abandoned base camp
May2012
ES41 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table ES-4 : Summary of Potential Significant Impacts and Mitigation Measures for the RAPID Project During Operation Phase
NO
1.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
DISCHARGED
EFFLUENT
a) Effluent Treatment
Plant and Cooling
Water Discharge
via Marine Outfall;
b) Sewage
Treatment Facility;
c) Surface water
runoff
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Discharge via the marine
outfall of the followings that
may disrupt the marine
ecology and marine life :
- Ambient sea water
temperature
- Concentration of free
chlorine in the discharge.
Discharge from the sewage
treatment may disrupt the
marine and river water
quality and the ecology
systems. :
Discharge from the
retention basin may cause
flooding downstream of the
receiving water bodies;
Spillage of toxic and
hazardous chemicals which
may find its way into the
marine and water bodies
through surface runoff
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
RECOMMENDED MITIGATING
MEASURES
DURATION
a)
MODE
RATE
Water Quality
Marine and
River
biological Life
Fishery
Industry
LONG
TERM
REMARKS/COMMENTS
Surface Water Runoff

Design of the Plant that separates
stormwater drainage and the
accidentally
oil
contaminated
(AOC)
and
continuously
oil
contaminated (COC) drainage
system.
In the event of heavy rain and
overflow of the AOC and COC
Flow will be directed to the storm
water collection pond to contain
the flow from finding its way into
the surface water drainage and
water bodies outside of RAPID
premise.
b)
Discharge via Marine outfall

The effluent treatment plant will also
be designed to meet DOEs
requirement for IETS which requires
the incorporation of the continuous
online monitoring, BAT and best
practices
Routine monitoring by the regulatory
agencies
on
the
treatment
performance and compliance to the
discharged standards.
Johor State is in planning to develop
an integrated fishery complex in Sg
Musoh, Pengerang that will be a
May2012
ES42 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MEASURES
DURATION
REMARKS/COMMENTS
one stop center for the fishery

industries in Pengerang;
c)
Incorporation of various preventive

and control measures in the RAPID
design and operation among which
are :
Design Stage :
Effluent treatment plant will be
designed to meet DOEs requirement
for IETS, PETRONAS Technical Code
and Standards and applicable internal
standards and guidelines, BAT and
best practices considered in the design
Conduct of ENVID, HAZID and
HAZOP at every critical progress of
the design stage;
Carryout the effluent dispersion and
simulations using acceptable
simulation models to help in designing
the appropriate outfall locations,
discharged temperature that verify no
significant environmental impacts
during when the plant is in operation;
Plant Operation :
Routine monitoring by the regulatory
agencies on the treatment
performance;
May2012
ES43 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
MEASURES
REMARKS/COMMENTS
Environmental Management Plan that

monitor compliance and treatment
performance
Competent staff assigned for the
operation and continuous training
program for the staff;
All manuals and Standards Operating
Procedures (SOP) updated and readily
available.
Routine maintenance of the treatment
system via turnaround exercise
May2012
ES44 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
2.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
AIR EMISSION
a)
Normal
Operations and
Abnormal
Operations
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
MEASURES
LONG
TERM
a) Provision of adequate buffer zones for

the Project site and the design of the
plot plan to locate each units of plant
processes will ensure minimal impact to
the surrounding public and receptors;
Air Quality
Health of the Surrounding
Communities
MODE
RATE
Air Quality
Public Health
REMARKS/COMMENTS
b) The impact in the emission into the air

will further be reduced if the surrounding
areas are to be developed as heavy
industries as in the RKK;
c) Routine monitoring by the regulatory
agencies on the emission level and the
ground level concentration at critical
locations to be decided later upon
operation. Design of the plant is to
include incorporation of self monitoring
mechanism for each of the emission
sources;
d) Incorporation of various preventive and
control measures will be incorporated
during the project design stage as well
as operational procedures to prevent
emission to the air from impacting
people, environment and asset;
Design Stage
b)
Emergency
Scenario
Air Quality
Affecting the health of the
Surrounding Communities
MAJOR
SHORT
TERM
The regulatory requirements for

compliance, PETRONAS Technical
Code and Standards and applicable
internal standards and guidelines;
May2012
ES45 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
MEASURES
REMARKS/COMMENTS
Lesson learnt and adoption of the

best practices based on other
PETRONAS Operating Units or other
similar plants globally;
Conduct of ENVID, HAZID and
HAZOP at every critical progress of
the design stage;
Carryout
the
dispersion
and
simulations
using
acceptable
simulation models to help in
designing the plants and to verify no
significant environmental impacts
during when the plant is in operation;
Operation Stage
Documented Operating Procedures to
be adhered by the plants operators
Process Safety Management, Risk
based inspection and asset life study
Structured maintenance program i.e.
scheduled turnaround
WASTE
MANAGEMEN
T
a)
b)
Storage of Waste
on site;
Transportation of
Waste to
Waste cannot be stored

on site and has to be sent
to the licensed schedule
waste premise
immediately.
MAJOR
Water Quality
Soil and
LONG TERM
Structures training program and

competent operator to run the plants
Spent catalyst sent to the catalyst vendor
or the recyclers will for recovery;
Location of the schedule waste areas

need to be designed to include adequate
May2012
ES46 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
POTENTIAL IMPACT
disposal Site;
c)
Disposal
Locations and
capacity of the
waste operators
to accept the
waste
Capacity and availability of

the disposal area/waste
operators to handle the
volume of waste
generated
Inadequate capacity of the
current scheduled waste
disposal facility will cause
stocking of scheduled
waste within RAPID
premise;
Spillage of the spilled
scheduled waste will be
impacting the ground
water quality and soil
quality;
Domestic waste disposal
at illegal dumping sites
that may result in odour
generation, issues on
aesthetic and breeding
ground of mosquitoes and
vermin;
ground water
quality
Marine and
River
biological Life
Fishery
Industry
Public Health
and sanitation
Amenities
DURATION
MEASURES
REMARKS/COMMENTS
bunding, collection of the spilled waste

that are routed to the wastewater
treatment plant collection chamber;
Within RAPID site, solid and liquid waste
is expected to be transported using
trucks or forklifts. Waste will be properly
contained in drums, intermediate bulk
containers, cylinders and poly bags.
To manage the waste movement and
storage efficiently and safely, several
temporary storages will be located within
the complex areas. For unit processes
which
frequently
generate
waste,
dedicated transit areas will be provided.
A proper loading and unloading bay will
be part of the transit areas and temporary
storage areas. From the collection
system, the waste will be sent to the
waste pre-treatment and treatment
facilities.
Due to the complexity and extensive size
of RAPID project, many types of waste
are expected to be generated..
Therefore, the central waste treatment
facility will comprise of several facilities
utilizing Best Available Techniques to
manage the waste.
Waste management within RAPID also
incorporates the 3R concept to reduce
May2012
ES47 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
MEASURES
REMARKS/COMMENTS
the final waste to be removed from

RAPID. This indirectly contributes to
natural resources conservation and
environmental protection.
4.
NOISE LEVEL
a) Noise Level
generated by
Plant Equipment
and Processes;
b) Noise level
generated by the
increased in traffic
volume for road
leading to RAPID
access points;
Increase in the
background noise level at
the sensitive receptors
Public nuisance and
disruption to daily life
MODERATE
LONG TERM
Noise Level
Public Health
Nuisance to
Public
Noise emission from RAPID is

hardly felt by the adjacent receptors
as the baseline noise at the sensitive
receptors is currently high;
Provision of 500m buffer zones all
around the site boundary and
undeveloped areas to the west with
landscaping will further attenuate the
noise;
The impact of the noise level will be
further reduce if the surrounding
areas are gazette as heavy industry
under RKK;
5.
TRAFFIC
a)
b)
Traffic volume
Capacity of
Existing Road
Increase in the traffic

volume at the existing
road (Road 90 and J52)
will cause nuisance to the
road users and increased
in the risk of hazards and
accidents
Inadequate capacity of
the existing road to take
the increase in traffic
volume may cause
congestion and nuisance
MODERATE
Air Quality
Noise Level
Nuisance to
Public
Public Safety
Public
Amentities
SHORT
TERM
Improve the traffic performance of

the existing road systems and the
facilities along the traffic influence
area as there will be heavy traffic
i.e. upgrading the road capacity,
introduce traffic lights etc;
For a better traffic diversion from
Road 90, and as an alternative for
access to users of J52, the State is
currently undertaking a study on the
location of an alternative road
May2012
ES48 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
DURATION
to road users;
Generation of dust and

pollutants from exhaust
emissions due the
increased in vehicles /
road users affecting the
residences near to the
roads
HEALTH
IMPACT
a) Air Emission
Air
emission
during
emergency scenario may
have health impact to the
workers
and
nearby
residences if exposed for
a long term;
During the emergency
conditions,
TSP
and
nitrogen
dioxide
concentrations may have
an impact on receptors to
the east of RAPID site;
REMARKS/COMMENTS
connecting the population in Tanjung

Pengelih to access Road 90 on the
north of the RAPID site;
Multiple access to the RAPID Plants
to divert the traffic from
concentrating at a single entry points
Increased in the noise

level affecting the
residences near to the
roads
6.
MEASURES
MODERATE
Public Health
Amenities and
Services
LONG TERM
The emergency conditions normally

takes place for a short time and the
situation will be attended to immediately
to bring the operation back to normal
conditions;
Instances whereby workers may be
exposed
to
excessive
levels
of
particulates.
Therefore,
whenever
necessary, exposed workers must be
provided with respiratory protection in the
form of N95 respiratory masks.
An effective Emergency Response Plan
(ERP) that specifies the immediate
actions during emergency scenario will
be adhered to;
Monitoring of ambient air pollutant levels
at the proposed project site and at
Taman Rengit Jaya, Kg. Lepau and Kg.
May2012
ES49 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MEASURES
DURATION
REMARKS/COMMENTS
Pengerang should be conducted and

reported regularly once the project
commences operation.
The continuous monitoring systems
(CEM) is recommended to be installed to
track and irregularities in the emission
trend so that necessary operational
measures can be taken to reduce the
emission limit at source;
The health impact will be further reduced
if the area surrounding RAPID is to be
developed as heavy industries under the
RKK and population are relocated;
Provision for a sanitary landfill and
efficient waste management to cater for
the sudden population and industry
growth;
Workers screening through mandatory
medical check up;
7.
ODOUR
a)
Emission of
high VOCs and
H2S
concentration
above the odour
threshold limit
Nuisance and
uncomfortable to the
public due to dour
detection and may raise
complaint of RAPID
operation;
MAJOR
Public
SHORT
TERM
Monitoring of ambient air pollutant

levels at the proposed project site
and at the potentially affected
receptor locations once odour is
detected;
Immediately attending to operational

malfunctions upon detection of odour;
The continuous emission monitoring

systems (CEMS) is recommended to
Complaint
May2012
ES50 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MEASURES
DURATION
REMARKS/COMMENTS
be installed to track and irregularities

in the emission trend so that
necessary operational measures can
be taken to reduce the emission limit
at source.
8.
SOCIAL AND
a) Employment
E Opportunities
C
b)O Economic Growth
N
c)O Social
Related
M Issues
I
C
Ample direct and indirect

employment opportunities
will be created within the
next two decades.
Create a multiplier effect to
the countrys and Johor
State economy
BENEFICIAL
LONG TERM
Social Living
Standards
Economic
Growth
Social Issues
Public engagement sessions conducted

by the State of Johor and other
responsible agencies to ensure the
followings :
- the success of the oil and gas hub
development in Pengerang;
- To prepare the local communities of
the anticipated sudden changes in
the current livelihood;
Opportunity to raise its

revenue from RAPID via
various
taxes
and
incentives
where
the
potential total revenue
generated
for
the
Government
- To facilitate the acceptance towards

the potential of influx of big numbers
of non locals and foreigners to
Pengerang;
The living standards of the

villages are expected to be
improved due to availability
of better facilities such as
schools, medical facilities,
amenities and better roads
system available to the
community.
Influx of semi-skilled and

skilled
workers
which
requires provision of world
Ensuring locals are given the priority to

grab the opportunities from RAPID
development
Programs to train the local Pengerang
- To explain on the benefits of the

spillovers from RAPID
implementation to the locals and
transparency on the compensation
schemes formulated by the State of
Johor;
May2012
ES51 of 52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NO
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
POTENTIAL IMPACT
IMPACT
SIGNIFICANCE
MEASURES
DURATION
class services, amenities

and utility facilities
Influx of
non
locals,
expatriates or immigrants
to
Pengerang
whose
presence may cause social
related issues, increased in
crime and vice rate, and
create cultural and religious
sensitivities.
A new township would be
established
for
the
population involved in the
resettlement that provide a
more
conducive
living
environment to the people.
REMARKS/COMMENTS
entrepreneurs to prepare the locals to

grab the business opportunities created
Training for the locals in the skilled and

semiskilled resources required by
RAPID upon operation;
Relocate affected villagers to the new

relocation area identified to be in Kg
Dato Abdul Ghani Othman situated
about 20km from the RAPID project
site;
May2012
ES52 of 52

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DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

PROPOSED REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATED

Project Proponent and DEIA Consultants

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

En. Wan Yusoff Wan Hamat

Executive Project Director, RAPID

(+603) 2858 2101

(+603) 2858 2111

Dr. Mohd Zaki Bin Dato Mohd Said

(+603) 4256 6623

(+603) 4251 9623

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Implementation of RAPID project is further supported by the availability of the

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

: 103 kbd (feedstock for the Naphtha Steam Cracker)

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Steam Cracker Unit;

C4 Derivatives Unit; and

C5/C6 Derivatives Unit.

Unit Capacity (TPA)

Linear Low Density PolyEthylene (LLDPE)

Low Density PolyEthylene (LDPE)

Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Glycol Unit (EOEG)

Glycol Ethers Unit

Block PP Copolymers Unit

Propylene Oxide Unit

PolyPropylene Glycol Unit

Butadiene Extraction Unit

Polybutadiene Rubber Unit (PBR)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Unit (NBR)

IsoButylene Extraction Unit

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Unit Capacity (TPA)

MethylMethAcrylate Unit (MMA)

PolyMethylMethAcrylate Unit (PMMA)

e) C5/C6 DERIVATIVES UNIT

Pyrolysis Gasoline Unit (Pygas)

C5 Dienes Extraction Unit

Benzene Extraction Unit

Bis-Phnol A Unit (BPA)

(i) Pengerang Cogeneration Plant (PCP)

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Regasification Facility (RGT-2 Terminal)

(iii) Centralized Facility (CUF)

Fuel Gas System;

Water systems (i.e. potable water, fire water, service water,

Cooling Water System

Steam Systems (i.e. boiler feed water, steam and condensate

Effluent Treatment Plant;

Gaseous Emission Control including the centralised flaring units;

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

(iv) Offsite Storage and Facility

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Scope and Methodology

The EBS encompasses various environmental components which include the

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Flora and fauna mapping;

Description of the Existing Environment

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE

Air quality station

Noise level station

Surface water quality station

Marine water quality station