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Human Anatomy and Physiology I


Lecture Exam 1 (50 pts total)
Section I: Multiple Choice-In the following questions, please select the letter of the appropriate
answer. Only one answer may be used for each numbered question (1 pt each).

1. A hydrolysis reaction may also be classified as a(n):


a. Exchange reaction
b. Catabolic reaction
c. Anabolic reaction
d. Synthesis reaction
2. Carbohydrates may be linked together through the formation of ___________ bonds.
a. Peptide
b. Glycosidic
c. Ester
d. Phosphodiester
3. Which portion of a nucleotide gives the DNA molecule a negative charge?
a. Nitrogenous base
b. Phosphate
c. Deoxyribose
d. None of the above
4. The secondary structure of a protein includes:
a. -helix
b. A three dimensional shape
c. The amino acid sequence
d. None of the above
5. The base guanine is a:
a. Purine
b. Pyrimidine
c. Inorganic compound
d. All of the above
6. Deoxyribonucleic acid is responsible for directing the production of:
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Starch
d. Proteins
7. Which of the following is not found in DNA, but is found in RNA?
a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil

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d. Adenine
8. What is normal blood pH?
a. 8.5
b. 7.0
c. 7.4
d. 6.0
9. Which of the following is true of salts?
a. They are typically inorganic compounds
b. They ionize in water
c. The form electrolytes in water
d. All of the above
10. Which type of bonds is found between the bases of a DNA sequence between the two
strands?
a. Covalent
b. Hydrogen
c. Ionic
d. All of the above
Section 2: For each of the following concept passages, answer the multiple choice questions that
follow. Only one answer will be correct in each question. (1 pt each)
Michael is training for a weight lifting competition. Prior to the event, he eats a large amount of
pasta and other foods high in starch. This is known as carbohydrate loading, and is a typical
dietary portion of athletic training. Additionally, he is given anabolic steroids to supplement his
strength and performance. Though he wins the competition, he is disqualified after drug testing
proved that he has used illegal drugs to gain a competitive edge.
11. Why does Michael consumer large amounts of starch?
a. It will help him gain muscle
b. Starch, once digested, will provide glucose for energy
c. It will help him burn lipids, which will give energy
d. He wants to compete on a full stomach
12. What type of glycosidic bonds IS found in starch?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Gamma
d. Delta
13. Why doesnt Michael eat vegetables high in cellulose rather than starch?
a. Cellulose cannot be digested by humans
b. Cellulose breaks down slower than starch in humans
c. Cellulose does not release glucose
d. None of the above
14. What, do you think, is the purpose of taking anabolic steroids in this competition?
a. To build bone mass

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b. To build muscle mass


c. To increase fat burning
d. To help with using glucose
Scientists were able to isolate a nucleic acid from an unknown virus. In order to determine
whether or not the virus is a DNA or RNA virus, they examined the characteristics of the nucleic
acid and found the following:
I.
II.

The nucleic acid is single stranded


The sequence of nucleotides of one strand is AUGCCCGACUGGCGACCGU

15. Is this virus a DNA or RNA virus?


a. DNA
b. RNA
16. What might you infer from the sequence about the temperature stability of the DNA?
a. More GC bases means it is more stable in high temperatures
b. More AT bases means it is more stable in high temperatures
c. Temperature will break the GC bonds faster than the AT bonds
d. None of the above
Kimberly has been told by doctors that she needs to lose 45 pounds in order to reduce her risk of
complications with obesity. She decides to try the South Beach diet, which consists of low
amounts of carbohydrates.
17. If you lower your carbohydrate intake, what will be the eventual response of the body?
a. It will store proteins in order to prevent starvation
b. It will begin to store glucose as glycogen for future energy usage
c. It will begin to hydrolyze fat as reserve fuel for energy
d. It will begin to digest nucleic acids in order to provide energy
18. `The digestion of fats will yield what breakdown products?
a. Glucose
b. Amino acids
c. Fatty acids and glycerol
d. Nucleotides
19. Which of the following systems may have adverse effects to a low carbohydrate diet?
a. Cardiovascular
b. Respiratory
c. Renal
d. Nervous
e. Muscular
Jeffrey developed a mysterious illness. Doctors ran tests and found that he has a temperature of
40C and a blood pH of 7.0. Further tests show that he may have contracted a bacterial infection
which may be causing these symptoms.
20. What is normal body temperature?

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a. 40C
b. 37C
c. 35C
d. 32C
21. What term best describes the condition that Jeffrey is experiencing in terms of blood pH?
a. Acidosis
b. Alkalosis
c. Asphyxiation
d. None of the above
Section III: Match the terms on the left with the terms on the right for each section. Some
answers choices may not be used. (1 pt each)
22. _____ Lipids

A. Formed from peptide bonds

23. _____ Proteins

B. Contains glycerol

24. _____ DNA

C. Inorganic molecule

25. _____ Carbohydrates

D. Includes starch and fiber


E. Forms a double helix

______________________________________________________________________________
26. _____ Carbon Dioxide

A. Inorganic molecule

27. _____ pleated sheets

B. Connects carbohydrate monomers

28. _____ Ester linkages

C. Found in protein 2 structures

29. _____ Glycosidic bonds

D. Stores reserve energy for lipids

30. _____ Phosphodiester bonds

E. Found in RNA strands

Short Answer: Please answer the following questions in short answer form. Be sure to answer
each question completely and accurately. Partial credit may be given.

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31. Identify the four levels of protein structure. Give a brief description for each level. (2 pts
for each level, 2 pts for the description. 8 pts total)

32. Draw a generic amino acid and label each significant part. (2 pts for the structure, 2 pts
for each labeled part. 10 points total).

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