Aymen Nadeem

History of Subcontinent
What is meant by ideology?
An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual, its a a system of ideas
and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
2. How Ideology Emerges?
It can emerge due to rejection of social position of any group or in the time of crisis/social
stress. It can take place when there is inequality in society or when or when there is
dominance of one group. A society that has no ideology has a hard time when faced with such
a difficultly.
. What was Allama Iqbals Ideology of Pakistan?
Allama iqbal gave the idea of pakistan. He analyzed capitalism, materialism and lack of
spiritualism. He focused on the conditions of the Indian Muslims. He motivated
the Muslims of India to demand for a separate homeland.
Describe Ideology of Pakistan and its importance in your own words?
Ideology of Pakistan means that Pakistan should be a country where Muslims have an
opportunity to live according to the faith and belief based on their religion. When the twonation theory started getting importance it was believed that the Muslims should have all the
resources at the disposal to enhance Islamic culture and civilization.
The ideology acts as a support for the nation and without it there would be no concept of a
nation or a nation-state. This allowed for its followers to form a movement between the
common communities towards a revolution. This nation succeeded in its independence thanks
to its ideology.

. Describe four main causes of separation of India & Pakistan.

Fights based on religions- Hindus were a majority in India which caused the Muslims
to not have equal rights
The British treated people based on their religion and some of the civilians were
treated brutally
British didnt receive any support in the Second World War. Muslim League pledged
its full support. There was the hope of an undivided India, but soon the idea blurred
out. That left no choice but to the partition of subcontinent.
Muslims didnt have the freedom they deserved, they were judged and were mostly
left out of important decisions

Draw an in-depth analysis & important events of Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947.
194023rd March-Pakistan Resolution
Muslims and Hindus admitted to the fact that they cant live in the same nation because of
their differences. On 23th march in Lahore, Quaid-e-Azam passed the Pakistan resolution that
supported the idea of a different nation for Muslims, where they could live freely and be
treated fairly.
8th August -August Offer
Was an offer made to win over the sympathy for the establishment of an independent Indian
Constituent Assembly with completely indigenous representation and a power to frame the
future constitution of the country? The offer also provided the option for the extension of the
Viceroys Executive Council. Simultaneously, the August Offer talked about the rights of
minorities, especially Muslims as it declared that the majority community will not be given
the veto power and full weight would be given to the views of minorities in making of the

Aymen Nadeem
History of Subcontinent
Constitution. However, the document made it clear that all the promises will be fulfilled after
the conclusion of the war and that too if all the communities and political parties would help
the British in their war efforts.

194212th -15th April-Civil Disobedience Movement

From 12 to 15 April sessions were being held at Madras in which a resolution was adopted on
Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Congress.
23rd March-Crisp Mission
The British Government sent Stafford Cripps to India, to discuss the future Indian
Constitutions. Both the Congress and the League rejected his proposal.
8th August-Quit India
On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement for freedom from
British rule in Mumbai.
1943
27th December-Action Committee
It was formed to prepare and organized Muslims of India for coming struggle for acievements
of Pakistan.
1944
9th September-Gandhi Jinnah Talks
Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to discuss about the future of India,but no fruitful results came
out of it because Gandhi did not accept Muslims as a separate nation.
"The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory."
1945
25th June-Simla Conference
Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla.The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to
one sided attitude of Lord Wavell.In this conference ,Quiad-e-Azam made it crystal clear that
the Muslim League can represent Muslim of India.
2nd December General Elections
Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in 1945-1946 in which Muslim
League won 30 seats of central legislative meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the
provincial legislative .Quiad-e-Azam said on this occasion:
"I have no boubt now in the acheivement of Pakistan.The Muslims of India told the world
what they want .No power of world can topple the opinion of 10 crore Muslims of India."
1946
24th March-Cabinet Mission
Cabinet Mission visited India in 1946 and submitted its recommendations to the Britishers
.As a result Interium Government was formed but Congress and league couldn't co-operate
amongst themselves.
8th-9th April-Delhi Convention
Quaid-e-Azam called a convention of all Muslims Leaguue members at Delhi.At the
convention every member took the pledge to under go any danger for the attainment of
national goal of Pakistan.
16th August-Direct Action Day

Aymen Nadeem
History of Subcontinent
League withdraw its acceptance of Cabinet Mission and Direct Action Day was observed
peacefully throughout India,except in Culcutta,where riots broke out.
1947
3rd June -3rd June Plan
Lord Mount Batten prepared the plan for transference of power according to the wish of
people.He emphasized on the partition of country and told that it was the only solution of the
Indian political deadlock.Both League and Congress accepted the plan.
18th July-Indian Independence Act
In july ,the British parliament passed the Indian Independence act which was enforced
promptly.The Muslims of the Sub Continent finally succeeded in carrying out an independent
Islamic State for Muslims.
14th August -Transfer of Power
The transfer of power ceremony was held in Karachi.On August 15,Quaid-e-Azam was sworn
in as Governer General of Pakistan and Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan was appointed his Prime
Minister.
"That was the culmination of a long struggle which the Muslims of the South Asian Sub
Continent had weged for a separate homeland in the name of Islam."