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Culture Documents
I. Vit Nam l mt nc c ngun Ti nguyn nc vo loi trung bnh trn th gii c nhiu
yu t khng bn vng.
1. Nc ta c khong 830 t m 3 nc mt trong ch c 310 t m 3 c to ra do ma ri trong
lnh th Vit Nam chim 37% cn 63% do lng ma ngoi lnh th chy vo. Tng tr lng tim
tng kh nng khai thc nc di t cha k phn hi o c tnh khong 60 t m 3/nm. Tr
lng nc giai on tm kim thm d s b mi t khong 8 t m 3/nm (khong 13% tng tr
lng).
Nu k c nc mt v nc di t trn phm vi lnh th th bnh qun u ngi t 4400
m3/ngi, nm (Th gii 7400m3/ngi, nm). Theo ch tiu nh gi ca Hi Ti nguyn nc Quc
t IWRA th quc gia no di 4000m 3/ngi, nm l quc gia thiu nc. Nh vy, nc ta l mt
trong nhng nc ang v s thiu nc trong mt tng lai rt gn (Thc t nu k c lng nc
t cc lnh th nc ngoi chy vo th Vit Nam trung bnh t khong 10.600m 3/ngi, nm).
2. Cc yu t khng bn vng ca Ti nguyn nc Vit Nam.
1) Lng nc sn sinh t ngoi lnh th chim xp x 2/3 tng lng nc c c, rt kh ch
ng, thm ch khng s dng c.
2) S phn b ca c nc mt ln nc di t rt khng u. Theo khng gian, ni c lng
ma nht l Bch M 8000mm/nm, Bc Quang, B N t khong 5000mm/nm, trong khi Ca
Phan R ch t xp x 400mm/nm. Theo thi gian, ma l ch ko di t 3- 5 thng nhng chim ti
70- 85% lng nc c nm. Ma l, lng ma mt ngy ln nht t trn 1500mm/ngy song ma
cn tn ti hng nhiu thng khng c git ma no. Ma, l t k lc trong vng ng Nam l
ven bin Min Trung. Hn hn xy ra nghim trng. iu cn phi tch nc trong ma l iu
tit b sung ma cn l gii php tch cc nht, quan trng nht.
3) S khng thun li ca Ti nguyn nc trong s dng v khai thc.
- Nc ta c khong 2360 con sng c chiu di ln hn 10 km. Trong s 13 lu vc sng
chnh v nhnh c din tch ln hn 10.000 km 2 th c n 10/13 sng c quan h vi cc nc lng
ging, trong c 3/13 sng thng ngun Vit Nam, h ngun chy sang nc lng ging, 7 sng
thng ngun nc lng ging, h ngun Vit Nam. iu ny Vit Nam khng nhng b rng
buc ngun li v nc ca quc gia th hai, th ba chia s, ng thun.
- Tng lng nc nm ng vi p = 75% khong 720 t m 3, tng lng nc ma cn c
khong 170 t m3 (k c 30 t m3 iu tit t cc h cha tnh n nm 2010). Tng nhu cu nc
nm 2010 l 110 t m3, trong ma cn khong 85 t m 3 (cha k n lu lng nc m bo mi
trng sinh thi h lu). Nu qun l khng tt th n nm 2010 kh nng thiu nc r rng vo
tng ni, tng thi k, c bit l cc vng Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Daklak, Daknng, BSCL, Trung
du S. Thi Bnh v sng Hng v di ven bin.
4) S cn kit ti nguyn nc ngy cng tng.
- Dn s tng, ch s lng nc trn u ngi gim. Nm 1943 l 16.641 m 3/ngi, nu
dn s nc ta tng ln 150 triu ngi th ch cn t 2467 m 3/ngi, nm xp x vi nhng quc gia
him nc.
- Do cc Quc gia thng ngun khai thc nc cc sng ngy cng nhiu v c chiu
hng bt li. V d: Trung Quc v ang xy dng hn 10 h cha ln trn sng Mekong, sng
Nguyn; Lo v ang xy dng 35 cng trnh thu li- thy in trong c 27 h cha trn sng
nhnh v 8 p dng trn sng chnh. Thi Lan, c 10 h cha va v ln v ang c k hoch
xy thm. Campuchia c d kin gi mc nc Bin H vi mt cao trnh nht nh pht trin
ti
- Nn ph rng ngy mt tng cao trng cph ( khi c gi), ph rng ly g, ly ci,
ly t lm nng ry kh kim sot lm ngun nc v ma cn nhiu sng sui, kh kit, v
ma l lm tng tc xi mn t, tng tnh trm trng ca l lt l cha k hu qu gy gim
st ng k v a dng sinh hc.
- nhim nc ngy mt trm trng do tc th ho, cng nghip ho, hin i ho ngy
mt tng nhanh trong khi nc thi, rc thi cha c kim sot cht ch. l cha k nhim do
s dng ho cht bo v thc vt, phn bn ho hc ngy mt tng kh kim sot, nhim nc do
nc thi, cht thi ca cc ao nui thu sn x trc tip khng qua x l vo ngun nc.
II. Ti nguyn nc Vit Nam c xu th suy thoi do tc ng ca bin i kh hu ton cu.
Hi tho chuyn v a dng sinh hc v Bin i kh hu: Mi lin quan ti i ngho v Pht trin bn vng
H Ni, Ngy 22-23 thng 5, 2007
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Hi tho chuyn v a dng sinh hc v Bin i kh hu: Mi lin quan ti i ngho v Pht trin bn vng
H Ni, Ngy 22-23 thng 5, 2007
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Hi tho chuyn v a dng sinh hc v Bin i kh hu: Mi lin quan ti i ngho v Pht trin bn vng
H Ni, Ngy 22-23 thng 5, 2007
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Hi tho chuyn v a dng sinh hc v Bin i kh hu: Mi lin quan ti i ngho v Pht trin bn vng
H Ni, Ngy 22-23 thng 5, 2007
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