Interdisciplinary Dictionary: Annotation

Interdisciplinary Dictionary
I. Annotation
1. Biology
a. Descriptive notes that are attached to database entries for, say, chromosomal
loci or nucleic acid or amino acid sequences, detailing pertinent features such as
transcripts, markers, structure, function, disease associations, and citations to
relevant journal articles. ["annotation" A Dictionary of Biology. Elizabeth Martin and Robert Hine.
Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington.
12 December 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?
subview=Main&entry=t6.e6119>]
2. Computing
a. Notes that a user can add to a Web page . The notes are stored locally on a
client and can be accessed when a user reads the page with a browser.
["annotation" A Dictionary of the Internet. Darrel Ince. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference
Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
<http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?
b. Explanation added to a program to assist the reader. This may take the form of
manuscript additions to the program listing, but more often takes the form of
comments included in the program text. ["annotation" A Dictionary of Computing. Ed John
Daintith and Edmund Wright. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
University of Washington. 12 December 2010
II.
Anomaly
1. English
a. something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected
["anomaly noun"
The Oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford
University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford UniversityPress. University of Washington. 26
October 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?
subview=Main&entry=t140.e2797]
2. Astronomy
a. the angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee
["anomaly noun" The Oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus
Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
Washington. 26 October 2010
3. Physics
a. (1)an angle used to fix a position of a body, such as a planet, in an elliptical orbit.
The True Anomaly of a planet is the angle between the perihelion, the sun, and
the planet in the direction of the planets motion. The Mean Anomaly is the
angle between the perihelion , the sun, and an imaginary planet having the same
period as the real planet, but assumed to be moving at a constant speed (2) A
situation in which a classical theory has a symmetry but the corresponding
quantum theory does not. ["anomaly" A Dictionary of Physics. Ed. John Daintith. Oxford University
Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010
4. Space Exploration
a. NASA term for an unexpected occurrence during space flight ["anomaly"
A Dictionary of
Space Exploration. Ed. E. Julius Dasch. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
University Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010
III. Art
1. Art
a. ...the discrepancy between physical fact and psychic effect...a visual formulation
of our reaction to life... - Josef Albers [Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle RootBernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
b. ...the expression of the human spirit...Abstract ideas which previously existed
only in the mind are made visible in a concrete form...Paintings and drawings are
the instruments of this realization by means of color, space, light, movement...Max Bill [Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen
Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1:
"Rethinking Thinking"]
c.
no more a direct reflection of the feelings, concepts, and sensations from which
they arose than are a scientists formulas direct expressions of his thoughts
Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. [Sparks of Genius: the
Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print.
Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
IV. Artifact
1. Genetics
a. any structure that is not typical of the actual specimen, but that results from
cytological processing, postmortem changes, etc. ["artifact" A Dictionary of Genetics.
Robert C. King, William D. Stansfield and Pamela K. Mulligan. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford
Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
2. Dance
a. Ballet in four parts with choreography, scenery, and lighting by Forsythe, music
by Eva Crossman-Hecht (pts. 1 and 4), Bach (pt. 2), and Forsythe (pt. 3).
["Artifact" The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. by Debra Craine and Judith Mackrell. Oxford University Press Inc.
Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
3. Medicine
a. an appearance on an image reflecting a problem with the radiographic technique
rather than representing the true appearance of the patient
b. a structure seen in a tissue under a microscope that is not present in the living
tissue. ["artifact" Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010. Oxford Reference Online.
Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
V. Border
1. Performing Arts
a. narrow strip of painted cloth, battened at the top edge only, used to hide the top
of the stage from the audience. ["Border" The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre. Ed.
Phyllis Hartnoll and Peter Found. Oxford University Press, 1996. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
2. Earth & Environmental Sciences

a. a strip-shaped bed planted with flowers
[Patrick Taylor "border" The Oxford Companion to

Garden. Ed. Patrick Taylor. Oxford University Press 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
3. Geography
a. A boundary line established by a state, or a region, to define its spatial extent
["border" A Dictionary of Geography. Susan Mayhew. Oxford University Press 2009 Oxford Reference Online.
VI. Budget
1. Economics & Buisness

a. A financial or quantitative statement, prepared prior to a specified accounting
period, containing the plans and policies to be pursued during that period. ["budget"
A Dictionary of Finance and Banking. Ed Jonathan Law and John Smullen. Oxford University Press, 2008.
2. Natural History
a. The limit to expenditure, of energy or time, that constrains animal behaviour.
["budget" A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour. David McFarland. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford
VII.
Component
1. Chemistry
a. A distinct chemical species in a mixture.
["component" A Dictionary of Chemistry. Ed John

Daintith. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
Washington. 12 December 2010

a. An identifiable, functional part of a system that is defined for a particular reason.
Within an ecosystem , for example, this could be a species , a habitat , an
individual organism, or even part of an individual, depending on the purpose of

the study. ["component" A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University
Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
3. Archaeology
a. In North American archaeology this term refers to a culturally homogenous
stratigraphic unit within a site. [component" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology.
Timothy Darvill. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
4. Linguistics
a. A semantic feature
b. A subset of rules within a generative grammar, which is distinguished either by
assigning a specific kind of representation to sentences, or by relating one such
representation to another. ["component" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. P. H.
Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
VIII. Consequence
1. Philosophy
a. A proposition is a logical consequence of others when it is impossible that they
should be true and it false. ["consequence" The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Simon Blackburn.
2. Sports
a. are the outcomes derived from cohesion. These include team success, team
performance, and team satisfaction. [consequences" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science
& Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
3. Medicine
a. The results or effects of an action.
["consequences" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science &

Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
IX. Creativity
1. Psychology
a. The production of ideas and objects that are both novel or original and
worthwhile or appropriate, that is, useful, attractive, meaningful, or correct.
["creativity n." A Dictionary of Psychology. Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford
2. Education
a. An area of proficiency not currently measured in schools by existing methods of
testing or measures of progress, but which might manifest itself in abilities and
skills such as selfconfidence, risktaking, resilience, teamwork, questioning, and
challenging. These are sometimes referred to as soft skills, which some
employers are eager to see acknowledged as part of pupil assessment, and
which the Department for Children, Schools, and Families is investigating as a
possible area of development in terms of testing and standards. ["creativity" A
Dictionary of Education. Ed. Susan Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
3. Medicine
a. is that attribute of the human mind characterized by originality and
meaningfulness. It requires the ability to combine existing ideas, perceptions,
experiences, and objects in different ways for new purposes. It is a person's
capacity to produce new and original ideas, insights, inventions, or artistic
products of scientific, technical, esthetic, or social value, the proceeds of a lively
faculty of imagination. [William Pryse-Phillips "creativity" The Oxford Companion to Medicine.
Stephen Lock, John M. Last, and George Dunea. Oxford University Press 2001. Oxford Reference Online.
4. English Grammar
a. The ability of native speakers of a language to produce and to understand an
infinite number of sentences of their language, many of which they have never
produced or heard before. ["creativity" The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Sylvia Chalker
and Edmund Weiner. Oxford University Press, 1998. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
X. Culture
1. Zoology
a. A population of micro-organisms or of the dissociated cells of a tissue grown, for
experiment, in a nutrient medium; they multiply by asexual division.
b. The transfer of behavioural traits between individuals in a non-genetic manner
(i.e. the traits are not inherited genetically although they may be passed from
parent to offspring by verbal or visual communication). ["culture" A Dictionary of Zoology.
Ed. Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
2. Philosophy
a. The way of life of a people, including their attitudes, values, beliefs, arts,
sciences, modes of perception, and habits of thought and activity. Cultural
features of forms of life are learned but are often too pervasive to be readily
noticed from within. [culture" The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Simon Blackburn. Oxford
University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12
December 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?

3. Sociology
a. all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted
[culture" A Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott and Gordon Marshall. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford
4. Psychology
a. The sum total of the ideas, beliefs, customs, values, knowledge, and material
artefacts that are handed down from one generation to the next in a society.
["culture n." A Dictionary of Psychology. Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford
5. Plant Sciences
a. A population of micro-organisms or of the dissociated cells of a tissue grown, for
experiment, in a nutrient medium: they multiply by asexual division. [culture" A
Dictionary of Plant Sciences. Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
6. Military
a. man-made features of the terrain, such as roads, buildings, and canals, as well
as boundary lines and, in a broad sense, all names and legends on a map.
[culture" The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Berkley Books, 2001. Oxford Reference Online.
XI. Dissemination
1. Literature
a. In the terminology of deconstruction , the dispersal of meanings among infinite
possibilities ["dissemination" The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Chris Baldick. Oxford University
2. Education
a. Sometimes referred to as the sharing of good practice, dissemination is an
integral part both of curriculum development and of teachers own professional
development. Ideas and examples of good practice may be disseminated
through conferences, web sites, academic papers and other publications,
national bodies and committees, local authority advisory services, or inservice
professional development programmes. Dissemination may take place within a
school, college, or university, or between institutions on a local or national level.
["dissemination" A Dictionary of Education. Ed. Susan Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford
XII. Emergence
1. Sociology
a. the process by means of which a number of divergent elements are synthesized
and organized into a new form. ["emergence" A Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott and Gordon
Marshall. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
2. Physics
a. A key concept in complexity theory in which certain features of a complex system
occur as a result of collective behaviour of the system. ["emergence" A Dictionary of
Physics. Ed. John Daintith. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford

a. The act of emerging or coming out, such as the appearance of a plant above
ground after germination in the soil. ["emergence" A Dictionary of Environment and
Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
4. Geography
a. The creation of new phenomena, requiring new laws and principles, at each
level of organization of a complex, and often non-linear, system. ["emergence" A
Dictionary of Geography. Susan Mayhew. Oxford University Press 2009 Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
5. Linguistics
a. Process by which a structure, change, etc. is created by the separate behaviour
of many individuals. Hence, in one view, in the case of language: e.g. a sound
change is a phenomenon emerging from the repeated articulatory movements of
many individual speakers; the meaning of a word arises by a process of
emergencefrom its repeated use by individual speakers in individual contexts; a
language system as a whole is a structure generated by innumerable individual
acts of speech in a community. ["emergence" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. P. H.
Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
XIII. Exposure
1. Medicine
a. a method of treating fears and phobias that involves confronting the individual
with the feared object or situation, either gradually (see desensitization, graded
self-exposure) or suddenly (see flooding). ["exposure n." A Dictionary of Nursing. Oxford
a.
Contact between an organism and a chemical or physical agent , by swallowing,

breathing, or direct contact (such as through the skin or eyes).Exposure may be
either short term ( acute ) or long term ( chronic ).
b. The degree of wave action on an open shore, which is determined by the fetch
and the strength and duration of winds . Compare exposed, extremely
exposed,sheltered, ultrasheltered, very exposed, very sheltered . ["exposure" A
Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference
c. The precise location of a meteorological instrument, which has a direct effect on

the accuracy, repeatability, and representative nature of the readings given by
that instrument. [exposure" A Dictionary of Weather. Storm Dunlop. Oxford University Press,
2008.Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
3. Public Health
a. In communicable disease control, contact with a source of a disease agent that
leads to transmission of the agent to a new host.
b. In environmental hazard control, the amount of a disease agent such as a toxic
substance to which person(s) have been exposed and that may lead to disease
or clinical signs, but not necessarily the same as dose , which is the amount that
actually acts on the body.
c. In noncommunicable disease control, exposure refers to any influence on
health outcomes, including social influences on behavior such as adoption of
cigarette smoking, or the process by which an agent or a factor such as high
blood pressure influences health. Exposure to an agent can have beneficial, i.e.,
protective, rather than adverse, consequences. ["exposure" A Dictionary of Public Health.
Ed. John M. Last, Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University
of Washington. 12 December 2010
4. Photography
a. a measure of the amount of light admitted into a photographic device expressed
in terms of the lens aperture (f number) and time.
b. symbol: H; a physical quantity equal to the product of the illuminance and the
time, [Delta] t, for which the area is exposed. The SI unit is the lux second.
["exposure" The Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa
Atwood, Peter Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University
Press, 2008.Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
5. Radiation Dosimetry
a. a measure of the amount of X or gamma radiation to which a subject or object is
exposed, expressed in terms of the quantity of electric charge of the ions of one
sign produced when all the electrons of both signs liberated in a volume of air of
unit mass are completely stopped. ["exposure" The Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa Atwood, Peter Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith,
Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
6. Economics/Banking
a. The degree of risk involved in holding a particular trading position.
["exposure" A
Dictionary of Finance and Banking. Ed Jonathan Law and John Smullen. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford
b. The mismatch between assets and liabilities by currency, maturity, and so forth
(cf. value at risk). Exposure is generally calculated as the risktimes the amount.
["exposure" The Handbook of International Financial Terms. Peter Moles and Nicholas Terry. Oxford University
Press 1997. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
7. Computing
a. Used in Web advertising to describe the number of times a visitor to a Web site
is exposed to a particular banner advert. ["exposure" A Dictionary of the Internet. Darrel Ince.
XIV. Failure
1. Mechanics
a. the inability to perform a function
[failure" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine.

2. Earth Sciences
a. The process by which a body under stress loses cohesion and divides into two or
more parts, commonly by means of a brittle fracture. ["failure" A Dictionary of Earth
Sciences. Ed. Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
3. Computing
a. An event or condition in which an entire computer system or some part of it is
unable to perform one or more prescribed functions. ["failure" A Dictionary of Computing.
Ed John Daintith and Edmund Wright. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
XV. Fraction
1. Religion
a. The formal breaking of the bread which in all Eucharistic liturgies takes place
before the Communion. ["Fraction" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. E. A.
Livingstone. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
2. Medicine
a. Two numerical quantities wherein one is divisible in whole or in part by the other.
["fraction" A Dictionary of Public Health. Ed. John M. Last, Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference
3. Molecular Biology
a. any one of several portions of a mixture that can be separated by a fractional
process, e.g. by fractional distillation or chromatography, and consisting either of
a mixture or of a pure compound.
b. to separate or divide into portions ["fraction" The Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa Atwood, Peter Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella,
and John Stirling. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University
XVI. Goal
1. Zoology
a. The state that is presumed to exist within the brain of an animal and which
corresponds to a state of affairs the animal seeks to achieve. It is inferred from
observation of the stimuli that terminate a behaviour. ["goal" A Dictionary of Zoology. Ed.
Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
2. Sociology
a. The end-results towards which an individual or collective action is directed.
["goal" A Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott and Gordon Marshall. Oxford University
Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
3. Nursing
a. a statement of what the nursing intervention is intended to achieve, usually
expressed in terms of the patient's expected behaviour. ["goal n." A Dictionary of Nursing.
XVII. Identity
1. Physics
a. Symbol . A statement of equality that applies for all values of the unknown
quantity. For example, 5y 2y + 3y. ["identity" A Dictionary of Physics. Ed. John Daintith. Oxford
2. Sports Studies
a. A term referring to the identifiable, traditionally stable, characteristics of an
individual or an institution ["identity" A Dictionary of Sports Studies. by Alan Tomlinson. Oxford
University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12

3. Biology
a. (in sequence analysis) the extent to which compared sequences have identical
bases or residues at equivalent positions, usually expressed as a percentage.
["identity" The Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa
Atwood, Peter Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University
4. Medicine
a. he perception of self that develops as a child differentiates from parents and
family and takes a place in society. ["identity" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science &
Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
5. Archaeology
a. The use of material culture to aid understanding of the definition and status of
individuals and groups in the past. Such studies include the recognition of
gender, rank, status, or place within society at the individual level, but may also
look more widely at the relationships between contemporary cultures and the
extent to which material culture is used to signal differences between social
groups.
b. The way in which archaeological remains are widely used in order to promote
and support particular views of contemporary personal, local, regional, and
national identity, especially through the application of archaeological resource
management, the deployment of public funds, and state legislation. In this sense
archaeology is an extremely powerful political tool, and has been for many
generations. ["identity" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Timothy Darvill. Oxford University
XVIII. Image
1. Philosophy
a. The nature, the importance, and even the existence of mental images is a
subject of dispute amongst psychologists and philosophers. ["image" The Oxford
Dictionary of Philosophy. Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
2. Religion
a. An object of religious devotion.
["image" A Dictionary of the Bible. by W. R. F. Browning. Oxford

University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12
3. Psychology
a. A depiction or likeness of an object.
b. A mental representation of a stimulus in the absence of the physical stimulus,

formed by imagination or memory. Also called a mental image.
c. The appearance or character that a person or an organization presents in public
d. Another name for a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to
something other than its usual or literal meaning. ["image n." A Dictionary of Psychology.
Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
4. Physics
a. A representation of a physical object formed by a lens, mirror, or other optical
instrument. If the rays of light actually pass through the image, it is called a
realimage. If a screen is placed in the plane of a real image it will generally
become visible. If the image is seen at a point from which the rays appear to
come to the observer, but do not actually do so, the image is called a virtual
image. No image will be formed on a screen placed at this point. Images may be
upright or inverted and they may be magnified or diminished. ["image" A Dictionary of
Physics. Ed. John Daintith. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
a. Acronym for Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration.
["IMAGE" A
Dictionary of Space Exploration. Ed. E. Julius Dasch. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online.

a. A picture built up by an individual from the social and physical milieux
experienced from birth ["image" A Dictionary of Geography. Susan Mayhew. Oxford University Press
2009 Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
7. Computing
a. A copy in memory of data that exists elsewhere.
["image" A Dictionary of Computing. Ed

John Daintith and Edmund Wright. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
XIX.
Integrity
1. English:
a. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles ["integrity noun"
The
oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University
press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010
2. Philosophy:
a. associated with a proper conception of oneself as someone whose life would
lose its unity, or be violated by doing various things [integrity" The Oxford Dictionary of
Philosophy. Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010

3. Science
a. In biology, the state of being whole, intact, with all bodily systems functioning
and, by implication, capable of withstanding threats, e.g. from invading
pathogens ["integrity" A Dictionary of Public Health. Ed. John M. Last, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010
<http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mai
n&entry=t235.e2329>]
4. Ethics
a. In ethics, this is one of the virtues. It means morally honest and resistant to
temptation or dishonorable conduct. ["integrity" A Dictionary of Public Health. Ed. John M. Last,
26 October 2010
XX.
Interdisciplinary
1. Education
a. Describes a course of study which draws on more than one academic discipline
to create a structured perspective on topics which are common to both. Thus,
one might draw on the disciplines of education and sociology to examine the
topic of cultural deprivation, for example. ["interdisciplinary" A Dictionary of Education. Ed.
Susan Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University

a. Applying the knowledge and skills from different academic disciplines or subjects
that are normally regarded as distinct, to the same task or project. ["interdisciplinary"
A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference
XXI. Language
1. Sociology
a. Any verbal or non-verbal communication engaged in by humans, animals, or
even machines. ["language" A Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott and Gordon Marshall. Oxford
University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12
2. Psychology
a. A conventional system of communicative sounds and sometimes (though not
necessarily) written symbols capable of fulfilling the following hierarchy of
functions suggested by the German-born Austrian psychologist Karl Bhler
(18791963) and the Austrian-born British philosopher Karl R(aimund) Popper
(190294): expressing a communicator's physical, emotional, or cognitive state;
issuing signals that can elicit responses from other individuals; describing a
concept, idea, or external state of affairs; and commenting on a previous
communication. The concept of language is often interpreted loosely to embrace

codes devised for specific purposes, as in expressions such as programming
languages, and forms of communication that fulfil some but not all of the four
listed functions, including body language and the languageof the bees (see
waggle dance), neither of which can fulfil the fourth and highest function.
b. The particular system of verbal communication, such as the English language,
that is used by a specific nation or people. ["language n." A Dictionary of Psychology. Edited
by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
XXII. Meter
1. Biological Sciences
a. an instrument or device for measuring (and recording) the quantity of something
(either instantaneously or cumulatively).
b. to measure (something) by means of a meter
c. to supply (something) in a measured or regulated amount. ["meter" The Oxford
Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa Atwood, Peter Campbell,
Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford Reference
2. Poetry
a. any form of poetic rhythm, determined by the number and length of feet in a line.
["meter2 n." The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press, 1999. Oxford
3. Music
a. the basic pulse and rhythm of a piece of music
["meter2 n." The Oxford American Dictionary

of Current English. Oxford University Press, 1999. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
XXIII.
Mission
1. Military
a. the task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken
and the reason for it.
b. a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task.
c. the dispatching of one or more aircraft to accomplish one particular task. ["mission
n." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Berkley Books, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
a. The goal of a space flight. Typical missions include Earth observations, satellite
deployment, planetary probes, and military surveillance. The spacecraft itself is
also sometimes called the mission. ["mission" A Dictionary of Space Exploration. Ed. E. Julius
Dasch. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
3. Religion
a. The sense of obligation in all religions to share their faith and practice with
others, generally by persuasion, occasionally by coercion. The emphasis on
mission varies from religion to religion. ["Mission" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World
Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
XXIV. Poet
1. Poetry
a. ...a person who never forgets certain sense-impressions, which he has
experienced and which he can re-live again and again as though with all their
original freshness... - Stephen Spender [Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle RootBernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
XXV. Poetry
1. Poetry
a. ...the attempt to express in words that which may not be verbally expressed but
may be verbally suggested... - Stephen Spender
[Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and

Michle Root-Bernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People.
Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
XXVI. Portfolio
1. Military
a. the position and duties of a minister of state or a member of a cabinet.
["portfolio"
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Berkley Books, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
2. Art
a. A protecting and carrying cover for drawings and similar works on paper.
b. a body of work which is presented, for example, by a student artist for
examination or for the purpose of gaining entry to an artistic institution. ["portfolio"
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms. by Michael Clarke and Deborah Clarke. Oxford University Press
Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 12 December 2010
3. Banking
a. The set of holdings in securities owned by an investor or institution.
b. A list of the loans made by an organization. ["portfolio" A Dictionary of Finance and Banking.
Ed Jonathan Law and John Smullen. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
4. Education
a. evidence such as witness statements of the candidate's competence,

photographs of completed work or artefacts, and certification of qualifications
already gained [portfolio" A Dictionary of Education. Ed. Susan Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2009.
XXVII. Postwrites
1. Writing
a. writers memos or writing reviews; one of the best ways to practice reflective
learning for writing classes. Ask one to write about the writing theyre currently
doing. In other words, in a postwrite one would write to a reader about how the
writing is going or what theyve written so far or whats not going so well. [Reynolds,
Nedra, and Richard Aaron. Rice. Portfolio Keeping: a Guide for Students. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St.
Martins, 2006. Print. Chapter 3: "Becoming a Reflective Learner"]
XXVIII. Probability
1. Psychology
a. A measure or index of degree of certainty regarding the occurrence of an event,
on a scale from zero (indicating impossibility) to 1 (indicating certainty),
interpreted as the relative frequency of the event (in classical statistics) or as
one's subjective belief regarding the likelihood of the event ["probability n." A Dictionary
of Psychology. Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
2. Physics
a. The likelihood of a particular event occurring.
["probability" A Dictionary of Physics. Ed. John

3. Statistics
a. symbol: p or P; a measure of the likelihood of the occurrence of a given event,
expressed as the ratio of the number of times it occurs in a series of observations
to the total number of observations, or as its decimal equivalent. ["probability" The
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa Atwood, Peter
Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford
XXIX. Residual
1. Mathematics
a. The difference between an observed value and the value predicted by some
statistical model. The residuals may be checked to assess how well the model
fits the data, perhaps by using a chi-squared test . A large residual may indicate
an outlier. ["residual" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics. Christopher Clapham and James
Nicholson. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
2. Natural History
a. A data variability that is not accounted for by a particular statistical test. ["residual"
Dictionary of Plant Sciences. Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
XXX. Responsibility
1. Philosophy
a. peoples responsibilities are those things for which they are accountable
["responsibility" The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford
2. Military
a. the obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a successful conclusion. With
responsibility goes authority to direct and take the necessary action to ensure
success.
b. the obligation for the proper custody, care, and safekeeping of property or funds
entrusted to the possession or supervision of an individual. ["responsibility n." The
Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Berkley Books, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
3. Nursing
a. the state of being answerable for one's performance according to the terms of
reference of the Code of Professional Conduct ["responsibility n." A Dictionary of Nursing.
XXXI. Success
1. Sports
a. The achievement of a goal. In sport, the concept of success can be very personal
and is not always dependent on winning a competition or obtaining a very high
standard of performance. ["success" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine. Oxford
XXXII. Sustainability

a. A concept that is used to describe community and economic development in
terms of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their needs. [sustainability" A Dictionary of Environment and
Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
2. Ecology
a. Economic development that takes full account of the environmental
consequences of economic activity and is based on the use of resources that can
be replaced or renewed and therefore are not depleted. [sustainability" A Dictionary of
Ecology. by Michael Allaby. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
3. Archaeology
a. A system of living that, in the short, medium, and long term, maintains a quality of
life for all individuals and sentient species while conserving natural ecosystems,
perpetuating biodiversity and sociodiversity, and supporting environmental
integrity. ["sustainability" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Timothy Darvill. Oxford University
XXXIII. Thinking
1. Cognitive science
a. the logical procedures of induction and deduction or the rules of linguistics
Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. [Sparks of Genius: the

Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print.
Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
2. Diverse Thinking
a. the mode in which creative people express themselves [Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott.,
and Michle Root-Bernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the World's Most Creative
People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
XXXIV. Transformation
1. Genetics
a. he phenomenon by which genes are transmitted from one bacterial strain to
another in the form of soluble fragments of DNA ["transformation" A Dictionary of Genetics.
Robert C. King, William D. Stansfield and Pamela K. Mulligan. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford
2. Psychology
a. Any alteration in form, character, or substance ["transformation n."
A Dictionary of
Psychology. Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
3. Statistics
a. a change of all the raw scores in a data set by means of a mathematical function
["transformation n." A Dictionary of Psychology. Edited by Andrew M. Colman. Oxford University Press 2009.
4. Chemistry
a. The conversion of a compound into a particular product, irrespective of the
reagents or mechanism involved. ["transformation"
A Dictionary of Chemistry. Ed John
5. Biology
a. A permanent heritable change in a cell, particularly a bacterial cell, that occurs as
a result of its acquiring foreign DNA. Nonvirulent bacterial cells can be
transformed into virulent forms if cultured in a medium containing killed virulent
bacteria.
b. The conversion of a normal cell into a malignant cell, which can be brought about
by mutation of genes, sometimes through the action of carcinogens or oncogenic
viruses. ["transformation" A Dictionary of Biology. Elizabeth Martin and Robert Hine. Oxford University

a. Progressive change that removes evidence of an earlier state, such as the
conversion of land from one use to another (such as deforestation ).
["transformation" A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007.
7. Computing
a. Another name for function, used especially in geometry.
["transformation" A Dictionary of
Computing. Ed John Daintith and Edmund Wright. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online.
XXXV. Transparent
1. Physics
a. Permitting the passage of radiation without significant deviation or absorption.
["transparent" A Dictionary of Physics. Ed. John Daintith. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference
2. Biological Sciences
a. transmitting light with little scattering or diffusion so that objects beyond the
transparent material can be clearly distinguished. The term can be used in
appropriate circumstances to indicate materials allowing the passage of other
electromagnetic, particulate, or sonic radiation without disturbance. [transparent"
The Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ed Richard Cammack, Teresa Atwood, Peter
Campbell, Howard Parish, Anthony Smith, Frank Vella, and John Stirling. Oxford University Press, 2008.Oxford
3. Computing
a. Denoting a property or a component of a computer system that provides some
facilities without restrictions or interference arising from the way it is
implemented.
b. Denoting or using a transmission path that passes a signal, or some particular

feature of a signal, without restricting or changing it. Note that nontransparent
systems would not allow particular signals to be transmitted as data, reserving
them for special purposes. ["transparent" A Dictionary of Computing. Ed John Daintith and Edmund
Wright. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
4. English Grammar
a. Obvious in structure or meaning; that can be extrapolated from surface structure;
(of a phonological rule) that can be extrapolated from every occurrence of the
phenomenon, in which every context implies the rule. ["transparent" The Oxford Dictionary
of English Grammar. Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner. Oxford University Press, 1998. Oxford Reference
XXXVI.
Value
1. Philosophy
a. to take something into account in decision making , or in other words, to be
inclined to advance it as a consideration in influencing oneself and others. ["value"
The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference
Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010
2. Law
a. Valuable consideration ["value n."
A Dictionary of Law. by Jonathan Law and Elizabeth A. Martin.

Oxford University Press 2009 Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26
3. Critical Theory (Political & Social Sciences)

a. A measure of distinguishing the absolute and relative worth of a thing (an object
or a service) both to its owner and to others. ["value" A Dictionary of Critical Theory. by Ian
Buchanan. Oxford University Press 2010. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of
Washington. 26 October 2010
4. Ethics
a. a means of determining the difference between the various ideas and concepts
impacting on everyday life ["value" A Dictionary of Critical Theory. by Ian Buchanan. Oxford
University Press 2010. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Washington. 26
XXXVII. Words
1. Writing
a. both literal and figurative signs of interior feelings, but not their essence. [RootBernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the
World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]
2. Mathematics
a. ...expressions of understanding, not its embodiment... - Heisenberg
[RootBernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. Sparks of Genius: the Thirteen Thinking Tools of the
World's Most Creative People. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print. Chapter 1: "Rethinking Thinking"]

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b. ...the expression of the human spirit...Abstract ideas which previously existed

2. Earth & Environmental Sciences

[Patrick Taylor "border" The Oxford Companion to

1. Economics & Buisness

["component" A Dictionary of Chemistry. Ed John

2. Earth & Environmental Sciences

individual organism, or even part of an individual, depending on the purpose of

["consequences" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science &

December 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?

3. Earth & Environmental Sciences

2. Earth & Environmental Sciences

Contact between an organism and a chemical or physical agent , by swallowing,

c. The precise location of a meteorological instrument, which has a direct effect on

[failure" The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine.

December 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/views/ENTRY.html?

["image" A Dictionary of the Bible. by W. R. F. Browning. Oxford

b. A mental representation of a stimulus in the absence of the physical stimulus,

6. Earth & Environmental Sciences

["image" A Dictionary of Computing. Ed

Press. University of Washington. 26 October 2010

2. Earth & Environmental Sciences

communication. The concept of language is often interpreted loosely to embrace

["meter2 n." The Oxford American Dictionary

may be verbally suggested... - Stephen Spender

[Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and

a. evidence such as witness statements of the candidate's competence,

["probability" A Dictionary of Physics. Ed. John

1. Earth & Environmental Sciences

Root-Bernstein, Robert Scott., and Michle Root-Bernstein. [Sparks of Genius: the

6. Earth & Environmental Sciences

b. Denoting or using a transmission path that passes a signal, or some particular

A Dictionary of Law. by Jonathan Law and Elizabeth A. Martin.

3. Critical Theory (Political & Social Sciences)

a. ...expressions of understanding, not its embodiment... - Heisenberg

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