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PHONG THY L G?
Phong Thu l g ? Trc ht ta hy xem gii thch: "T Hi" vit: "Phong Thu, cn
gi l Kham D. Mt loi m tn nc Trung Quc c. Cho rng hnh th, hng gi,
dng chy xung quanh nh hoc m m, c th em n ho, phc cho ngi hoc
cho ngi chn. Cng ch cch xem nh , phn m"
"T Nguyn" vit: "Phong Thu, ch a th, phng hng t nh hoc t phn
m. Thi xa, m tn cn c vo xem lnh gi, tt xu v nhn s"
Mi y, Trng i hc ng Nam Trung Quc xut bn quyn "Ngun gc Phong
Thu", gio s Phan Cc Ty trong li ta vit: "Ni dung chnh ca Phong Thu l
mt loi hc vn m ngi ta dng s l v chn la hon cnh n , cung tht,
cha chin, lng m, thn xm, thnh th; lng m th gi l m trch. Phong Thu v
hon cnh n , nh hng ch yu trn ba mt: Mt, s la chn a im, tc tm
mt a hnh tha mn c hai mt tm l v sinh l; Hai, x l v mt hnh thi trong
cch b tr, bao gm li dng v ci to hon cnh thin nhin, hng nh, v tr, cao
thp to nh, ca ra vo, ng i, ngun cp nc, thot nc..v.v.., Ba, trn c s
ni trn, thm vo mt du hiu, nhm tha mn nhu cu tm l trnh ci d, ly ci
lnh cho con ngi".
Hc vin Dn tc Trung Nguyn xut bn cun "Tm hiu s lnh gi trong Phong
Thu nh ", tc gi trong "Li ni u" vit: "Trong vn kin thc lu i ca Trung
quc, c mt mn hc gi l Kham D, thng thng gi l Phong Thu. Cn c vo
kt qu nghin cu trong nhiu nm ca tc gi, th ci gi l Phong thu, ni theo
ngn ng hin i l "khoa hc v mi quan h ga t trng tri t v con
ngi".V ni dung, mn Phong thu gm hai phn, phn mt l xem xt hnh thi
ca ni, phn hai l xem xt phng v l kh.
Chim Ngn hm trong "Tri thc Vn S" s thng 3 nm 1988 vit: "Ci gi l
Phong thu, l tn thng gi ca thut xem t. Theo tp tc truyn thng ca Trung
Quc, mi khi xy ct iu phi xem a hnh c c Phong Thu hay khng, sau
mi chn a im thch hp, trnh t d".
Hc gi Rosk Kowski khoa a l trng i hc NiuDi-Ln l mt chuyn gia v
nghin cu Phong Thu, tc phm ng c "mi quan h Phong thu gia Vn ho,
thin nhin Triu Tin", nhng nm gn y nghin cu v Phong thu Trung Quc,
trong bi ng trn tp ch "Nghin cu lch s khoa hc t nhin" thng 1 nm 1989,
vit: "Phong Thu l mt hj thng nh gi cnh quan nhm tm mt a im tt
lnh cho cng trnh kin trc. N l ngh thut la chn a im v b cc a l ca
Trung Quc c i, khng th cn c vo khi nim ca phng Ty m ni mt cch
n gin rng l m tn hay khoa hc...Phong thu Trung Quc c xy dng trn ba
c s: (1) a im ny c li cho xy nh hoc xy phn m so vi cc a im
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T LCH
Trong xy ct nh ca, ming t rng hay vung vc l iu ai cng mong c. Tuy nhin
trong thc t vn thng gp nhng ngi nh - ming t khng iu cnh, mo m, c
khong thiu hoc tha, b vt gc... Cn phi c bin php
iu chnh hnh th ngi nh tng quan vi iu kin lch
y sao cho t li ch v s dng v m bo cn bng kh
trong ngi nh nhiu nht.
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mt ngi nh ph (V d trn
mt bn v cha mt hm
Ngi nh nn c theo phn
thun tin v kt cu (hnh 1).
c tnh cht trang tr b sung,
ngay ngn hai bn tri phi
Bch H) nu cha bn no
php trang tr. C th l trng
tng nh.
T HNH CH L
Trng hp ch L n hu (hnh 3) th c th b tr theo
cch:
A: Khong trng c dng lm sn nc pha di v
thng thong cho phng ng bn trn.
B: Ngi nh c sn gia vi hai phn trc sau r rt.
Sn ny cng ng vai tr thng thong v dn cho cc
phng gia.
C: Khu nh hp khng chiu su, nn t cu thang
ngay v tr n hu. Ni chung, theo cch no cng nn
x l nh vung ti ch git cp
TRNG HP CH L TP HU
Nn bin phn sau thnh khng gian ph (V d: cu thang, v sinh, sn tri ... nu phn ny
khng chim t l ln trong nh).
Khi gp trng hp 4b, thnh phn chnh ngi nh l pha sau th tt nht l pha trc
dng lm sn cnh, ch xe.
TNG NH
L b phn xy ct ch yu ca mi ngi nh, nhng bc tng khng ch to ra b
mt bn trong m cn l h thng bo v v phn chia khng gian bn trong. Do vy
vic b tr tng hp l gp phn quan trng nng cao trng kh ca nh cng nh
ci thin tt sc khe v tm l ca ngi s dng
AN TON V BN VNG
Trc y, tng dng chu lc l chnh nn xy kh
dy, vic tr ca phi trnh lm yu i kh nng chu lc.
iu ny cn lu khi mua - sa cha cc nh c theo
kiu Php hoc dng nh "ch Ha". Ngy nay, khung b
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B TR PHNG N
Ni n ung trong nh khng ch m bo sc khe m cn l ni sum hp gia nh,
gn kt cc thnh vin. Do mu sinh bn rn, nhiu gia nh ch thc s gp g ng
cc th h vo ba n, do trng kh ca phng n cn phi c m bo n
nh v mang tnh trung ha i vi mi thnh vin. iu kin cht hp dn n nhiu
nh t phng n chung vi phng bp hay phng khch. Tuy nhin d theo cch no,
bn n hoc rng hn l phng n cng cn theo mt s nguyn tc bi tr c bn.
N TRNG NI NGI TRNG HNG
V tr hp l ca phng n trong nh l khong gia
bp v phng khch. V l ni s dng khng nhiu
nhng li iu n mi ngy nn bn n ng qu xa
bp thu ngn khong cch i li dn dp v bng
b. cc x lnh, ngi ta thch b tr bn n trong
bp c m p, nhng x nhit i nng m nh
ta cn xem xt k. C chng l khu vc t bn son
kt hp vi ch n nh bui sng hoc ti, cn bn n
ln vn nn cch qung vi bp bng t k hay mt
bar l hp l nht (Hnh 1). Cng khng nn chng ra ngoi phng khch nhiu qu
v s gp bt tin khi c khch n ng ba n. C th dng t ly hoc vch ngn,
bnh phong ngn ch n vi ch tip khch.
Phng n phi trnh lung gi la v ng k cn vi
ca phng v sinh, nu c phi lm khng gian m
(Hnh 2). Cng khng nn t bn n di gm hoc
bn cnh cu thang (nht l cu thang xng c v d
b bi v lung kh di chuyn ln xung mt n nh).
MU SC V B TR VT DNG
Khng nn s dng nhiu mu (Ha) trong bn n, khi k bn l ha ca bp.
Ha vng qu s gy nng nc. theo thuyt Ng hnh tng sinh tng khc, nhng
vt hoc gc tng nhn (hnh tng trng cho hnh Ha) cng khng nn dng ti
bn n c th gy nguy him cho tr em. Tt nht l s dng bn trn (Kim) hoc
vung (Th) cng nh dng cc mu trng (Kim) vng (Th) v c mu en (Th) l
ph hp c v phong thy ln thc t s dng. Khng sn tng hoc dng vt dng,
khn bn ... nhiu mu xm hoc tm v s lm bin sc mn n v gy cm gic lnh
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CHN V TR XY DNG NH
Cc nh phong thy xua c nhiu c kt i vi vic chn v tr xy ct nh
ca. Trong iu kin ngy nay, t ai ti cc th khan him, a hnh a mo chu
nhiu bin i nhn to, vic ng dng cc nguyn tc xua cn oc xem xt ph hp
vi bi cnh khoa hc v x hi hin i. Xin n c cc nguyn tc vn dng sau:
1. Theo phong thy xa: Nh di vch ni hay ca khe nc chy ra th ngi
bt an, au m. R rng nhng v tr ny lun hng chu cc tc ng ca mi trng
nh: st l trn ni xung, hi lnh trong vch , nuc chy mang theo cc cht thi
hoc sinh vt cht ... Trong thc t th, nh bn cnh cc cao c ln cng thong
xuyn chu bc x nhit phn hi li t cc mt tng, mt knh ln, nu khut nng
th quanh nm khng c mt tri, nh ca m thp, l cha k h thng k thut
(my pht in, iu ha khng kh, gin gii nhit, xe hi ra vo thng xuyn ...) v
cc hot ng tp trung ng ngi mang n mt di chuyn v sinh hot cao, n
o. Ti cc ming cng, trm bm nc,... cng c cc tc ng tng t.
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CHN HNG XY NH
Hng tt nht - hng nam
Ly v hin ha
Lm nh hng Nam
Do v tr a l v c th kh hu ca Vit Nam (nhit
i, nng m, gi ma) dn n trong 4 hng chnh
ng - Ty -Nam - Bc th hng Nam (k l cn
Nam nh ng Nam, Ty Nam) l hng thun li
nht trong xy dng ni n chn . Nh xy hng
Nam: bui sng trnh c nh nng chi (pha ng),
bui chiu khng b nng chiu "xin khoai" gay gt
(pha Ty), va n c gi nng t pha Ty, li khng
b gi lnh phng Bc. Hng Nam lun l hng gi
ch o ca hu ht mi vng trn lnh th nc ta, m
thng gi t nhin l iu kin tin quyt trong xy dng
cng trnh hp vi kh hu Vit Nam.
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XEM A TH I VI NH T TRONG HM
Trong th nh mt tin c u th ca vic tip cn giao thng, thng mi nhng
ng thi cng chu nh hng ca nhim kh cao. Nh t trong hm khi chn
c a th thun li khng nhng c c mi trng sng tt m cn c th trin
khai sinh li. Hm trong th phn ln khc khiu, xy dng qua nhiu thi k kh
phc tp, nhng cng c nhng quy lut chn la a th tt:
* Chiu rng hm n nh t 5m tr ln l tt cho xe c v lu thng kh. i t ngoi
vo hay trong ra u c th quan st thy c a s nh t ca hm. Nn hm nn
bng hoc cao hn so vi ngoi ng trnh t ng nc
* Nh t khng nn cui v tr hm ct m thng vo v cc lung gi c thi
thng d gy bnh, ng thi khi c ha hon s thot hm kh. Tuy nhin khi chiu
di hm ct ch trong khong 40m th li kh tt, ng thi trc nh khng thng vi
trc ca hm th cng khng nh hng xu nhiu. Nh cui hm c th khc phc
kh xu bng cch trng cy
* Nu c iu kin, khi mua t trong hm (hoc ng ni b khong 5m) ta nn
chn hoc vn ng c dn xung quanh lm khong quay xe cui hm ct. y l mt
hnh th tt cho mi l t k cn v tt c u hng 1 Minh ng rng ri, thong
ng c th kt hp lm khong cy xanh ch do chi . . . c th trong hm c ch
nh cao nh thp, nhng quan trng l pha trc v hai bn ln cn nh t ta chn
ng qu tm ti v b ln t. Khng nn nh nhiu ban cng v tm nhn trong hm
hn ch hn so vi ngoi ng ln, ng thi cn tng din tch sn khi c th: sn
trc sn sau, sn gia hay sn thng u tt cho ngun kh v ly thm c nhiu
dng quang (nh sng nng lng mt tri) vo nh.
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