THMD-KHAITHCDUKH

Nghincuphttrinhdungdchkhoancch
trngnstcaoKLATROL
KS. Phm ng Sn, ThS. Nguyn Mnh Hng, TS. Thi Hng Chng
Cng ty TNHH MTV Dung dch khoan & Dch v ging khoan
TS. Phm Xun Ton
Tng cng ty Dung dch khoan v Ha phm du kh

Tm tt
Nhm tc gi nghin cu v pht trin h dung dch khoan gc nc mi c nhiu tnh nng u vit, c kh
nng c ch trng n st cao, thn thin mi trng. Ni dung bi bo bao gm cc kt qu nghin cu v thnh
phn, khong bin thin nng cng nh tnh cht lu bin, kh nng c ch st ca h dung dch KLATROL, c so
snh vi cc h c ch hin ang s dng rng ri ti Vit Nam; nh gi tnh u vit ca h KLATROL qua phng
php thu hi mn khoan, kh nng ti mn khoan.

1. M u
S pht trin ca cng ngh khoan, khai thc lun
ko theo s pht trin khng ngng ca cc h dung dch
khoan nhm rt ngn thi gian thi cng, n nh thnh
ging khoan v m bo an ton va sn phm. Cc h
dung dch khoan c th c chia ra lm 3 loi chnh:
dung dch khoan gc nc, dung dch gc du/gc tng
hp v dung dch khoan dng bt/kh. Dung dch khoan
gc du/gc tng hp c tnh c ch trng n st tt
nht, nhng gi thnh cao v thng gy nh hng tiu
cc ti mi trng nn ng dng b hn ch, c bit
nhng nc c yu cu kht khe v mi trng hoc
khng c phng tin thu hi mn khoan. H dung dch
dng bt/kh rt him khi c trin khai v kh khn
trong vic x l; cng ngh pha trn kh vo dung dch
khoan v thit b bm dung dch kh phc tp, gi thnh
cao. Dung dch khoan gc nc lun l u tin hng u
khi tin hnh khoan thm d, thm lng v khai thc
du kh. Cc cng ty dung dch khoan hin ang tp trung
nghin cu pht trin h dung dch khoan gc nc c
tnh c ch cao, bn nhit, d pha ch v thn thin vi
mi trng tng bc a tnh c ch st ca h gc
nc tim cn vi tnh nng c ch st ca cc h gc du
[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9].
Nhm tc gi nghin cu xy dng c mt
s h dung dch khoan c tnh c ch tt s dng
khoan qua nhng a tng c thnh phn st hot tnh
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DU KH - S 4/2012

cao nh Miocen h v Oligocen thng. Bi bo ny gii

thiu mt s kt qu nghin cu h dung dch c ch st
KLATROL, h dung dch c ch st c pht trin bi
Cng ty TNHH MTV Dung dch khoan v Dch v ging
khoan (DMC-WS).
2. Cc h dung dch c ch hin ang c s dng ti
Vit Nam
Ti Vit Nam, hin nay a s cc nh thu trong v
ngoi nc tp trung vo mt s h dung dch gc nc
c tnh c ch st nh sau:
+ H KCl/Polymer (DMC/MI/Vietsovpetro): H c tnh
c ch st trung bnh, dng khoan ch yu phn on
Miocen thng v trung ni c cc lp st mng, hot
tnh. Dung dch KCl/Polymer c gi thnh thp, kh nng
chu nhit km, nn ch p dng cho nhng vng a cht
nng v t phc tp [1, 2].
+ H FCL-AKK (Vietsovpetro): c s dng rng ri
ti cc ging khoan ca Vietsovpetro, c kh nng chu
nhit tt, ti mn khoan cao, d thi cng. Tuy nhin
h c pha rn cao; kh khng ch v tnh lu bin, d
tng ECD, tn tht thy lc ln cha thn thin vi mi
trng v c cha Chrom trong hp cht Ferro-Chrom
Lignosulfonate (FCL). Bn cnh , tnh c ch ca h ny
cng khng cao v h khng cha nhng cht c ch c
hot tnh cao m ch cha tc nhn c ch l cc cation K+,
Al3+ c t phn nhm kali v KOH [1, 2, 13, 14].

PETROVIETNAM

+ H KCl-PHPA-Glycol (MI Swaco) l h c s

dng rt ph bin khng ch Vit Nam m cn nhiu
nc trn th gii. H c tnh c ch tng i tt nh
s kt hp 3 nhn t c ch chnh: KCl, PHPA (Partially
Hydrolized Polyacrylamide) v Polyalkylene Glycol. Tuy
nhin, h KCl-PHPA-Glycol c nhc im l d gy bt
sng rung dn n tro dung dch do PHPA bm vo mt
sng. Bn cnh , mc chu nhit v thi nc
nhit cao ca h cng b hn ch, i hi b sung
thm mt s cht gim thi nc v c ch st nhit
cao [4].
+ H Glydril (MI Swaco) l h dung dch tin tin pht
trin t h dung dch KCl-PHPA-Glycol, thay th PHPA
bng ha phm Idcap D c kh nng c ch tt m khng
lm bt nht sng rung v khng gy bc nhy t bin
v tnh lu bin. Hn na, ha phm Idcap D cng t b
nh hng bi nhim bn canxi nh PHPA (PHPA c xu
hng b kt ta khi nng canxi cao qu 800mg/l),
nng cao hiu qu ca dung dch khi khoan qua nhng
tng cha khong canxi cao vn rt ph bin Vit Nam.
Tuy nhin, dung dch Glydril c gi thnh tng i cao v
ngun cung b hn ch do y l h dung dch bn quyn
ca MI Swaco [4].
+ H Ultradril (MI Swaco): H dung dch ny c s
dng thnh cng ti Vit Nam cng nh mt s quc gia
khc trn th gii. N l s tng hp u th ca cht c ch
st dng polyamine (Ultrahib), cht bao bc (Ultracap),
cht c ch hp ph trao i ion (KCl) v cht lm gim s
bm dnh ca mn khoan vo cn khoan (Ultrafree). Do
hot tnh c ch rt mnh ca Ultrahib kt hp vi KCl v
Ultracap, cc va st dy, hot tnh cao thng c khoan
qua d dng vi rt t s c xy ra trong qu trnh khoan
hoc ko th, c bit khi khoan lin thng qua cc a
tng c p sut va khc nhau. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca
h Ultradril l c gi thnh cao v ch c cung cp c
quyn bi MI Swaco [4].
3. Gii thiu h dung dch khoan KLATROL
to ra h dung dch
khoan gc nc c cc ch tiu
u vit p ng yu cu khoan
li khng ph thuc vo cc
nh cung cp c quyn,
nhm tc gi nghin
cu, pht trin h dung dch
KLATROL.

3.1. Thnh phn cu t v chc nng cc ha phm

trong h KLATROL
DV-HIVIS D: Cht to nht, to cu trc.
DV-CAP LV: c ch st theo c ch mng bao bc.
KCl: c ch st theo c ch hp ph trao i ion.
DV-KLATROL: c ch st theo c ch nn cht
phin st.
DV-PAC LV: Gim thi nc.
DV-FLO HT: Gim thi nc nhit cao.
DV-CARB F (CaCO3F): Chng mt dung dch, gia c
v bn.
DV-KLASEAL: n nh st nhit cao.
DV-CIDE/Biosafe: Cht dit khun.
Soda Ash: Kh cng.
Barite: Cht tng t trng.
3.2. C ch c ch ca cc cu t c ch trong h
KLATROL [4, 10, 11]
i vi h dung dch KLATROL, kh nng c ch c
th hin ch yu bi 4 ha phm:
- Mui KCl: Khi ha tan vo nc, mui KCl c th
phn ly hon ton v y l mt loi mui in ly mnh.
Ion K+ c kch thc nh hn (2,66Angxtrom), c th xm
nhp vo rt kht cc lp phin st. V s hp ph v thay
th ion Na+ ca K+ l vnh vin (ion K+ khng b thay th
bi cc ion khc), do khong khng gian ni ti gia
cc phin st b thu hp li, lm cc phn t nc rt kh
c th xm nhp su vo trong khe gia cc phin st
ny, do hn ch s trng n ca phin st. Bn cnh
, khi cc tm hot ng tch in m trn b mt cc
phin st c trung ha bi cc ion K+, chng khng cn
kh nng tng tc vi cc phn t nc c na, do
dy v bc hydrat ca cc phin st gim i, dn
n vic cc phin st kh trng hn. Ngoi ra, ion Cl- c

Hnh 1. C ch hp ph thay th ion ca cation K+

DU KH - S 4/2012

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THMD-KHAITHCDUKH

i lc mnh i vi cc phn
t nc cng lm gim t l
nc t do trong dung dch,
do lm gim mc xm
nhp vo cc k st ca cc
phn t nc t do, hn ch
qu trnh trng n ca st.
- DV-KLATROL l hn
hp ca cc polyamine v
mui amine hu c bc 4 tan
hon ton trong nc, c ch
st trn c s gia c lin kt
phin st. Do i lc ca gc
amine (tm in dng) vi
cc tm hot ng mang
in m ca cc phin st rt ln, cc gc
polyamine hoc mui amin ny nhanh chng
hp ph ln b mt ca cc phin st v trung
ha cc tm tch in. Bn cnh , do phn t
cha nhiu gc amine, chng ng vai tr nh
mt cation a ha tr, lin kt cht v gia c b
mt cc phin st li vi nhau. Do vy, ngay c
khi cc phn t nc xm nhp v hydrat ha cc
tm in tch gia cc b mt phin st, chng
cng khng th lm gia tng khong cch gia
cc phin st, t hn ch kh nng phn tn
ca cc ht st.
- DV-CAP LV l hn hp ca cc co-polymer
polyacrylamide mch ngn c ch st theo c ch
bao bc. Khc vi cc polyacrylamide c mch
di mang in tch m, DV-CAP LV l cc cationic polymer
(polymer dng) vi cc tm in tch dng chim u
th. Do vy, chng d dng hp ph rt chc chn ln b
mt ca cc phin st, ng thi hp ph c ln cnh ca
cc phin st, ni c c tm in tch dng v m, che
ph hon ton cm phin st v ngn khng cho nc
xm nhp vo cm phin st qua cc k phin st. Lin kt
v kh nng che ph ca polymer dng ny tt hn rt
nhiu i vi cc polymer m, do vy ngn cn tt hn s
xm nhp ca nc t do vo cc phin st. Bn cnh ,
v khi lng phn t thp v di mch ngn, DV-CAP
LV s khng to s gia tng t ngt v nht, khng
bt nht cc khe hng ca sng rung. Do , s loi b
hin tng tro sng rung hoc cc s c khc gy ra bi
nht qu cao ca dung dch.
- DV-KLASEAL l cht n nh st rt hiu qu nhit
cao. Kh nng bn nhit ca DV-KLASEAL xut pht t
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Hnh 2. C ch c ch st ca Polyamine

Hnh 3. C ch bao bc st ca DV-CAP LV

mng li mng cacbon hu c rt chc chn, c x l

ha hc c th tan tt trong mi trng nc. mc
vi m, DV-KLASEAL lm n nh st bng c ch bao
bc mn khoan v thnh h, trung ha cc tm hot tnh
ca st (c bit cc tm in tch dng cnh phin
st), hn ch kh nng xm nhp ca nc vo cu trc
ni ti ca cc phin st.
4. Bin thin nng v tnh cht ca h KLATROL
Thnh phn v khong bin thin nng , tnh cht
lu bin ca h KLATROL c m t Bng 1.
5. So snh tnh cht lu bin, thi nc v kh nng
c ch st ca dung dch KLATROL vi cc dung dch
khc cc iu kin nhit khc nhau [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11]
C 4 h dung dch c kho st so snh l: KLATROL
(DMC-WS); CFL-AKK-KCl-PAG (cng pht trin bi nhm

PETROVIETNAM

Bng 1. Thnh phn, khong bin thin nng v tnh cht lu bin ca h KLATROL

tc gi DMC-WS v VSP); KCl/Glydril MC/Idcap D v

Ultradril (MI Swaco). Thnh phn, nng ca cc h
c trnh by trong Bng 2. Cc dung dch khoan c
chun b bng mu nc bin ly t khu vc m Rng
(gin West Prospero khoan cho Vietsovpetro). Tin hnh
o lu bin dung dch iu kin 25oC. o mc
trng n st trn thit b Swell Metter iu kin 25oC
trong 16 gi. Mt na dung dch chun b c nung
quay trong Rolling Oven 16 gi nhit 120oC, sau
cng c kim tra tnh cht lu bin v mc trng
n st.
Mu st API Calibration Bentonite (st hot ha) c
nn 6.000psi (408at) tng ng vi mc nn ca
mu t su 3.500m vi ct p sut thy tnh ca
dung dch l 1,2 (SG). y l su ca tng Oligocen
thng c cha rt nhiu st hot tnh v thng xuyn
gp thm lc a Vit Nam. API Calibration Bentonite

(st hot ha) l loi st Natri Montmorillonite c kh

nng trng n rt mnh, do s phn nh khch
quan kh nng c ch ca h dung dch nghin cu. Thi
gian tip xc ca mu li st trong dung dch khoan l
16 ting, o ti nhit thng (25oC) cng nh nhit
cao (120oC).
Cc kt qu v tnh cht lu bin ca cc h dung dch
trn trc v sau khi nung 16 gi 120oC c trnh by
trn cc Hnh 4 v 5, kt qu c ch st m t trn cc Hnh
6 v 7.
Qua cc Hnh 4 v 5 c th thy h dung dch KLATROL
cng nh cc h khc c tnh cht lu bin n nh trc
v sau khi gia nhit v c cc gii hn lu bin trong phm
vi cho php. Kt qu o trng n trc v sau khi nung
(Hnh 6 v 7) cho thy trc khi nung, Ultradril cho kt
qu tt nht, trng n st ch khong 10%, sau n
h KLATROL (13%), h KCl/Glydril MC/Idcap D (14%) v
DU KH - S 4/2012

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THMD-KHAITHCDUKH

Bng 2. Thnh phn, nng cc h dung dch kho st so snh

Hnh 4. So snh tnh cht lu bin cc h dung dch trc khi nung

Hnh 5. So snh tnh cht lu bin cc h dung dch sau khi nung

h CFL-AKK-KCl-PAG (15%). Tuy nhin, tt c cc mu u

cho mc c ch trng n st rt tt (trng n st
di 20%).

kt qu tt nht (15,4%) ri n h Ultradril (16,2%); h

Sau khi nung nhit cao, tt c cc h dung dch

u cho kt qu trng n st di 20%. H KLATROL cho

nhit, s thay i v trng n st trc v sau khi nung

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DU KH - S 4/2012

KCl/Glydril MC/Idcap D (16,9%) v h CFL-AKK-KCl-PAG

(18,2%). Mt khc, h dung dch KLATROL tng i bn
thp nht trong s cc h c kho st (t 13 - 15,4%).

PETROVIETNAM

6. nh gi kh nng c ch st ca
h KLATROL bng phng php thu
hi mn khoan [11]

Hnh 6. Kt qu so snh trng n st ca cc h

dung dch trc khi nung

Hnh 7. Kt qu so snh trng n st

ca cc h dung dch sau khi nung
Bng 3. Kt qu th nghim thu hi mn khoan

nh gi kh nng c ch ca
st bng phng php thu hi mn
khoan, API Evaluation Clay (st s khai)
c s dng nn vin mu. y l
loi st s khai cha c x l, c tnh
cht gn vi st thng gp trong qu
trnh khoan. St c nn vi p sut
6.000psi v c p nh thnh cc ht
nh vi kch thc gii hn l lt qua
sng 5 mesh v nm trn sng 20 mesh
(gn tng ng vi kch thc ca
mn khoan). Sau , cn 10g v cho vo
200ml h dung dch th nghim (th
nghim trn h c ch u vit Ultradril
ca MI Swaco v h KLATROL ca DMCWS vi thnh phn v nng c
trnh by trong Bng 3) v nung trong
l nung quay vi nhit 120oC trong
vng 16 gi. Sau , cc ht st c
thu hi li bng sng 20 mesh, em
phi kh n khi lng khng i v
so snh vi khi lng ban u. Kt qu
thu hi mn khoan ca hai dung dch
trn c trnh by trong Bng 3, Hnh
8 v 9 cho thy kh nng c ch ca h
KLATROL kh tt v cho h s thu hi
mn khoan cao.
7. nh gi kh nng ti mn khoan
ca h KLATROL
Mt trong nhng tiu ch nh
gi tnh nng ca h dung dch l th
nghim kh nng ti mn khoan ca

Hnh 8. Mu mn khoan thu hi ca dung dch KLATROL

Hnh 9. Mu mn khoan thu hi ca dung dch Ultradril

DU KH - S 4/2012

33

THMD-KHAITHCDUKH

Bng 4. Thng s dung dch KLATROL sau khi nhim bn mn khoan

Ti liu tham kho

1. Hong Hng Lnh, Ng Vn T,
1995. Nghin cu p dng h dung dch
khoan c ch mi ti Lin doanh Vit Nga. Tp ch Du kh s 2. p. 10 - 16.
2. Ng Vn T, 1995. Nghin cu h
dung dch khoan c ch mi trn c s
cht ph gia KR - 22 thi cng cc ging
khoan du kh ti m Bch H v Rng.
H Ni.
3. Do well drilling fluids manual,
1999.
4. Drilling fluids handbook. MI
Swaco, 2006.
5. Drilling fluids manual. Amoco
Production Company.

h. Yu cu i vi kh nng ti mn khoan ca h l ng
sut ct ng (YP) ca h khng vt 42lb/100ft2 khi lm
nhim bn h vi 10ppb (28kg/m3) st s khai - mc nhim
bn cao ca dung dch. Th nghim m phng nhim bn
10ppb API Evaluation Clay (st s khai) ca h KLATROL (c
thnh phn nu trong Bng 2) cho kt qu nh Bng 4.
Kt qu Bng 4 cho thy kh nng ti mn khoan
ca h dung dch KLATROL hon ton p ng yu cu
t ra. H dung dch c tnh lu bin tng i tt ngay c
khi nhim bn cht rn khoan vi nng kh ln. iu
ny s hn ch qu trnh pha long v lm mi h dung
dch khoan, nh s tng hiu qu kinh t trong qu
trnh thi cng khoan.
8. Kt lun
H dung dch khoan gc nc KLATROL do DMC-WS
nghin cu pht trin c nhiu tnh nng u vit, c bit
l kh nng c ch trng n st cao, bn nhit v thn
thin vi mi trng, p ng yu cu tng cng nng
lc khoa hc cng ngh, t ch v h dung dch, ha cht
v k thut trong cung cp dch v dung dch khoan.
Li cm n
Nhm tc gi xin chn thnh cm n Vin Cng ngh
khoan c nhng gip , t vn qu bu trong qu
trnh nghin cu xy dng h dung dch khoan KLATROL;
cm n Vin Nghin cu Khoa hc v Thit k Du kh,
X nghip Khoan v Sa ging (Lin doanh Vit - Nga)
h tr nh gi cc tnh cht ca cc h dung dch khoan
trnh by trong bi vit ny.
34

DU KH - S 4/2012

6. Drilling fluids product data manual. Dowell Drilling

Fluids, 2005.
7. Fluids Fact. Engineering handbook. Baker Hughes
INTEQ.
8. King et al., 1993. Method of aerating drilling fluid.
US Patent.
9. KMC Oiltools Drilling fluids operation manual, Ver.
2.0. Scomi Oiltools, 2008.
10. Smith et al., 1997. Method of treating shale and clay
in hydrocarbon formation drilling. US Patent.
11. Specification for drilling fluid materials, 13A, 1993.
12. US Patent No. 5607902: Method of treating shale
and clay in hydrocarbon formation drilling.
13.

a
- BC, 2005.
14. :

86-07 BC, 2007.