SPH3U

Name:__________________

Unit 3: Energy and Society

Read each of the problems carefully.

If you wish, draw a diagram to help solve the problem.
Show all work.
Please underline your final answer.
Your final answer must have units.

cwater = 4200 J/ kg oC
cice = 2100 J/ kg oC
cvapour = 200 J/ kg oC
water Lf = 3.4 x 105 J/ kg
water Lv = 2.3 x 106 J/ kg

Multiple Choice
(5 marks)
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.

The work done by a force is:

i calculated by multiplying the force by the distance moved
ii measured in joules
iii not affected by the angle at which the force acts.
Which statement/s is/are correct?
A i, ii, iii
B i, ii
C ii, iii
D ii
E iii

2.

The kinetic energy of an object is:

A equal to the work done in slowing the objects speed
B equal to the square of the velocity of an object
C equal to the unbalanced force that accelerates it
D equal to the work done to accelerate the moving object from rest.

3.

According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following statements is/are true?
A A substance heats up as it gains caloric.
B All solids, liquids and gases are composed of molecules in constant motion.
C Most gases cannot be compressed due to the small distances between molecules.
D The molecules of a solid all have the same kinetic energy.

4.

When an ice cube, initially at 0C, is left in an area at room temperature, the ice cube will
melt because:
A no energy is required for this process to occur
B the molecules within the ice lose kinetic energy
C the molecules within the ice gain potential energy
D the molecules within the ice lose potential energy.

5.

When a metal bar is heated, the increase in length is greater if:

i the bar is longer
ii the temperature rise is larger
iii the bar has a larger diameter.
Which statement/s is/are correct?
A i, ii, iii
B i, ii
C ii, iii
D i
E iii
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6.

When 100.0 mL of ethyl alcohol is heated from 10.0C to 35C, about how much thermal
energy is absorbed by the ethyl alcohol? (Assume the density of ethyl alcohol to be
0.79g/mL).
A 3.86 x 102 J
B 4.86 x 103 J
C 2.86 x 103 J
D 4.86 x 102 J

7.

Which of the following statements about the kinetic molecular theory is true?
A The temperature of a substance is determined by the electromagnetic strength of the
interaction between molecules.
B An increase in the motion of the particles of a substance makes the substance feel
warmer.
C Temperature is not determined by vibration, but rather the free flow of kinetic
molecules.
D A substance will feel warmer is the particles in that substance are moving slowly.

8.

A nuclear reaction that absorbs energy is said to be:

A endothermic
B exothermic
C stable
D radioactive

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Problems
Answer the following questions in the space provided. If more room is needed use the back of the
page but label your problems clearly. Please show all of your work and underline your final answer.

1.

2.

A boy of mass 46 kg runs up a 18 m high flight of stairs in 12 seconds.

a What is the gain in gravitational potential energy for the boy? [T/I]
b What is the average power he develops? [T/I]

(4 marks)

Create a diagram of the molecules in water both when it is in a liquid state and when it is
in a solid state. Explain the result of the different configurations. [C]
(4 marks)

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3.

Using your knowledge of the strong force, the electrostatic force, and how an atom
changes when it undergoes alpha decay, explain why alpha decay occurs. What are the
typical characteristics of an element that undergoes alpha decay? [C]
(4 marks)

4.

Mark cools a 3.0 kg metal object to a temperature of -20C. He places the metal in 2.0L
of pure water initially at a temperature of 45.0 C. The final temperature of the mixture is
37C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal? (density of water is 1 g/mL) [T/I]
(4 marks)

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5.

How much thermal energy is released when 250g of steam at 100C condensed into
liquid water and then cools to 35C? [T/I]
(4 marks)

6.

A 100 g apple falls from a branch 5 m above the ground. [A]

a With what speed would it hit the ground if air resistance could be ignored?
b What is the speed of the apple when it is 1.75 m above the ground?
b If the apple actually hits the ground with a speed of 3.0 m/s, what was the average
force of air resistance exerted on it?
(7 marks)

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7.

To stop a 1200 kg car a driver exerts a 400 N force on the brake pedal. The pedal is
moved a distance of 2.0 cm. The car is travelling at a speed of 60.0 km/h. It stops over a
distance of 20.0 m in 2.5 seconds. [A]
(7 marks)
a Calculate the work done by the driver on the brake pedal.
b Calculate the work done in stopping the car.
c Calculate the average force which the brakes must exert in bringing the car to a stop.
d Calculate the average power developed by the brakes.

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