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english.pravda.ru /science/earth/01-07-2006/82768-sharks-0/
01.07.2006
16. Sharks first appeared in the fossil record over 400 million years ago.
17. A significant physical trait that separates a modern shark from an ancient shark is the protrusile jaw,
which gives the modern shark more biting force.
18. Sharks can generate about six and a half tons per square inch of biting force.
19. A shark's skin is embedded with dermal denticles, which resemble teeth.
20. The Shortfin Mako shark is probably the fastest fish in the ocean, clocked at about 60 mph.
How sharks attack.
There are three major kinds of unprovoked shark attacks.
1. "Hit and run" attacks are the most common. They typically occur in the surf zone. The victim seldom
sees the shark and it doesn't return after inflicting a single bite or slash wound. Most likely, these attacks
are cases of mistaken identity that occur under poor water visibility and harsh physical environments like
breaking surf and strong wash/current conditions. Injuries to "hit and run" victims are usually lacerations on
the leg below the knee, and are seldom life threatening.
2. "Bump and bite" result in greater injuries and more fatalities. These attacks normally involve divers or
swimmers in deep waters. The shark initially circling and often bumping the victim prior to the actual attack
characterizes "Bump and bite" attacks.
3. "Sneak" attacks occur without warning. Repeat attacks are common and multiple or sustained bites are
normal. Injuries are usually severe, often resulting in death. It is believed that these attacks are the result
of feeding or antagonistic behaviors rather than being cases of mistaken identity.
How you can avoid a sharks attack.
1. Swim in a group. Sharks usually attack lone individuals. Avoid the water at night, dawn, or dusk.
2. Don't go in the water if you're bleeding. Sharks can smell and taste blood, and trace it back to its source.
Don't wear shiny jewelry. It looks like shiny fish scales to a shark.
3. Don't splash a lot. This just attracts sharks. If you see a shark in the water, don't go in and don't try to
touch a shark if you see one!
Source: about.com
Prepared by Alexander Timoshik
Pravda.ru
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