Transportation and electricity industries are considered as major sources of

greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission.

Different methods have been proposed to deal with the increasing rate of the
emission, such as employing plug-in electric
vehicles (PEVs) and integrating renewable energy sources (RESs). However, it is
important to scrutinise different scenarios of
incorporating the mentioned elements to decrease the concerning emission rate
while considering the economic constraints. In
this study, a combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) is employed to
investigate the effectiveness of using PEVs and
RESs from different aspects. A sensitivity analysis is executed to survey the
influence of emission and cost coefficients. Two
test cases each including different scenarios are simulated to determine the efficacy
of different types of integration in the
proposed model. To have a more accurate and realistic survey, an extended model
of the wind farms cost function is
employed in economic dispatch calculations. The particle swarm optimisation
algorithm is applied to solve the CEED
non-linear problem. The obtained results indicate that the integration of PEVs
cannot necessarily reduce the net emission of
two industries. In fact, the optimum solution should include the incorporation of
PEVs along with RESs to return the desired results.