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Objective
In this example, a simplified interaction diagram is constructed for an 18 in x 18 in tied column reinforced with 8No.9 Grade 60 bars (g = 8/182 = 0.0247). Use the simplified equations to determine 5 control points on the
interaction diagram.
Reference
Iyad M. Alsamsam, Mahmoud E. Kamara, Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of Moderate Size and
Height, Third Edition, 2005, Portland Cement Association, Example 5.4.1.1, pp. 5-7
Code
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (ACI 318R-05)
Problem
Use the simplified equations to establish the interaction diagram for the column section shown in Figure 1 by
determining the following 5 points:
Point 1: Pure Compression
Point 2: Bar stress near tension face of member equal to zero, fs = 0
Point 3: Bar stress near tension face of member equal to 0.5fy (fs = 0.5fy)
Point 4: Bar stress near tension face of member equal to fy (fs = fy)
Point 5: At pure bending
Material Properties and Section Layout
Concrete:
fc' = 4000 psi
Steel:
fy
= 60,000 psi
b=18"
1.5"
(8)-#9 bars
h=18"
Point 2 ( fs = 0 )
Layer 1:
1 C2
d1
= 1 1(1) = 0
d1
Layer 2:
1 C2
d2
9.00
= 1 1
= 0.42
d1
15.56
Layer 3:
1 C3
d3
2.44
= 1 1
= 0.84
d1
15.56
Since 1 C2
d3
> 0.69 , the steel in layer 3 has yielded.
d1
Therefore, set 1 C2
d3
= 0.69 to ensure that the stress in the bars in layer 3 is equal to 60 ksi.
d1
d
Pn = C1d1b + 87 Asi 1 C 2 i
d1
i =1
= 0.65(809.4 + 253.2)
= 690.9 kips
n
d h
M n = 0.5C1d1b(h C3d1 ) + 87 Asi 1 C2 i di /12
d1 2
i =1
= 0.65{(0.5 2.89 15.56 18) (18 0.85 15.56) + 87[(3 0)(9 15.56) + (2 0.42)(9 9)
+(3 0.69)(9 2.44)]}/12
= 0.65(1932.1 + 1181.4) /12
=168.6ft kips
Point 3 fs = 0.5f y
Layer 1:
1 C2
d1
= 1 1.35(1) = 0.35
d1
Layer 2:
1 C2
d2
9.00
= 1 1.35
= 0.22
d1
15.56
Layer 3:
1 C2
d3
2.44
= 1 1.35
= 0.79 , use 0.69
d1
15.56
d
Pn = C1d1b + 87 Asi 1 C2 i
d1
i =1
d h
M n = 0.5C1d1b(h C3d1 ) + 87 Asi 1 C2 i di /12
d1 2
i =1
= 0.65{(0.5 2.14 15.56 18) (18 0.63 15.56) + 87[(3 ( 0.35 ))(9 15.56) + (2 0.23)(9 9)
+ (3 0.69)(9 2.44)]}/12
= 0.65(2456.6 + 1780.7) /12
= 229.1ft kips
Point 4 fs = f y
Layer 1:
1 C2
d1
= 1 1.69(1) = 0.69
d1
Layer 2:
1 C2
d2
9.00
= 1 1.69
= 0.02
d1
15.56
Layer 3:
1 C2
d3
2.44
= 1 1.69
= 0.74 , use 0.69
d1
15.56
d
Pn = C1d1b + 87 A si 1 C 2 i
d1
i =1
= 0.65(476.1 + 3.5)
= 314.0 kips
n
d h
M n = 0.5C1d1b(h C3d1 ) + 87 A si 1 C 2 i d i /12
d1 2
i =1
= 0.65{(0.5 1.70 15.56 18) (18 0.50 15.56) + 87[(3 (0.69))(9 15.56) + (2 0.02)(9 9)
+(3 0.69)(9 2.44)]}/12
= 0.65(2433.1 + 2362.8) /12
= 260ft kips
c d1
s1 = 0.003
c
4 15.56
= 0.003
= 0.0087
fs1 = E s s1
= 29000 (0.0087) = 251.4 ksi > 60 ksi, use fs1 = 60 ksi
Ts1 = As1fs1 = 3 (60) = 180 kips
c d2
s2 = 0.003
c
49
= 0.003
4
= 0.0038
fs2 = Es s2
= 29000 (0.0038) = 108.8ksi > 60 ksi, use f s1 = 60 ksi
Ts2 = As2fs2 = 2 (60) = 120 kips
c d3
s3 = 0.003
c
4 2.44
= 0.003
= 0.0012
fs3 = Es s3
= 29000 (0.0012) = 33.9 ksi
Cs3 = As3fs3 = 3 33.9 = 102 kips
Cc = 0.85f c' ab
= 0.85 4 (0.85 4) 18
= 208kips
T C , use c = 4.0in
18
= 98.4ft kips
h
18
=0
18
= 55.8ft kips
3
M n = 0.5Cc ( h a ) + M nsi
i =1
Compare simplified interaction diagram to interaction diagram generated from StructurePoints pcaColumn
computer program. As can be seen from the figure, the comparison between the exact (black line) and simplified
(red line) interaction diagrams is very good.
Point
1: Pure compression
2: fs = 0
Parameter
Calculations
(simplified)
808.3
690.9
168.6
474.9
229.1
314
pcaColumn
(exact)
808.3
679.8
164.99
463.8
225.43
307.3
4: fs = fy
Pn (kips)
Pn (kips)
Mn (ft-kips)
Pn (kips)
Mn (ft-kips)
Pn (kips)
Mn (ft-kips)
260
256.3
5: Pure bending
Mn (ft-kips)
253
247.72
3: fs = 0.5fy
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5