Industri minyak dan

gas bumi

Ruang lingkup produk

Motor gasoline
Diesel fuel
Heating oil
Kerosene
Jet fuel
Bunker fuel oil (residual)
Minor fuel products
LNG
Aviation gasoline
Tractor fuel
Others
Asphalt
solvents

country

capacity

Per cent of
world
capacity

Ref79inery
through put
as % cap

North America 982

25

84

Latin America

440

11.2

69

Western
Europe

1.044

26.6

64

Middle East

174

4.4

72

Africa

88

69

South Asia

45

80

South East
Asia

163

4.1

71

Japan

271

6.9

79

Australia

39

85

USSR.China

698

17.8

92

Tahapan refinery
Separation of crude oil
Conversion of hydrocarbon molecules
Treating crude oil fractions
Blending hydrocarbon products
Auxiliary operating facilities
Refinery offsite facilities
Emission and effluent control

Separation
Separating crude oil (fractional distillation)
Process : atmospheric and vacuum
distillation

Conversion of hydrocarbon
molecules
Cracking ; thermal, catalytic, viscosity
breaking, hydro-cracking and coking
Combining ; alkylation and polymeration
Rearranging : catalytic reforming and
isomeration

Treating crude oil fractions

Impurities ; undesirable constituents ,
sulphur
Removed by hydrodesulphursing and
chemical terating ( gasoline, kerosene, fuel
oil, libricants)

Blending hydrocarbon
product
Motor gasoline ; blend of various gasoline
blending stocks, including reformat,
alkylate, straight run naphta, thermally and
catalytically cracked gasoline, and
necessary additive.
The vast number of fuel oils, lubricants, and
asphalt products are blend of refinery base
stocks

Auxilliary operating
facilities
Used to maintain normal operating
procedure
Included; hydrogen production, light end
recovery, acid gas treating, sulphur
recovery, tail gas treating, sour water
stripping, waste water treatment

Refinery offsite facilities

To support refinery opartions
Storage tanks, steam generating systems,
flare and blowdown system, cooling water
system,
receiving and distribution system, refinery
fire control system
In addition; garage, machine shops,
storehouse, laboratories, office building

Emission and effluent

control

Air emission, waste water, solid waste,

noise, must be controlled required by
government regulation