English Sound System and Phonics Instruction

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM
THE ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM
20
VOWELS
24
CONSONANTS
PHONEMES
Short Vowel Sounds

// (ship)
/e/ (pen)
bin
pen
pin
ten
sit
bell
/ / (cup)
// (man)
cup
pan
hut
man
bun
bag
Short Vowel Sounds

// (clock)
// (a camera)
hot
a camera
cot
a glass
top
a book
// (book)
book
cook
look
Consonants
/b/ (baby)
/p/ (pen)
bin
pen
box
pencil
bear
voiced
paper
voiceless
/t/ (tin)
/d/ (door)
door
tin
duck
tail
doll
voiced
ten
voiceless

Consonants
/g/ (girl)
goat
/k/ (key)
car
girl
cup
glass
voiced
cat
/v/ (van)
voiceless
/f/ (fin)
fin
five
four
voiceless
van
vase
veil
voiced

Consonants
// (than)
// (thin)
they
thin
there
thumb
those
voiced
thick
/z/ (zoo)
voiceless
/s/ (sun)
zoo
sun
zip
sit
zebra
sand
voiceless
voiced
Consonants
/m/ (mouth)
/h/ (hat)
me
hill
met
heel
moon
voiced
hand
voiceless
/n/ (nose)
nose
nine
noise
voiced
/l/ (letter)
low
light
line
voiced
Consonants
/j/ (yellow)
/r/ (wrong)
yolk
right
yam
red
yes
voiced
rose
// (television)
voiced
/w/ (window)
we
wheel
wet
voiced
television
treasure
garage
voiced
/t/ (cherry)
Consonants
// (shoe)
chips
she
chin
shoe
cherry
voiceless
ship
// (ring)
voiceless
/d/ (jam)
jam
jeep
jar
10
voiced
wing
thing
wrong
voiced
Long Monophthongs
/:/ (girl)
/i:/ (sheep)
bird
heel
turn
peel
burn
leek
/u :/ (boot)
pool
root
tooth

Long Monophthongs
/a:/ (heart)
march
/:/ (ball)
port
card
barn
fork
tall

Diphthongs
/a/ (fine)
/e/ (tail)
tail
buy
tie
pain
kite
wait
// (boy)
oil
coin
/a/ (house)
cow
bow
brow
toy
Diphthongs
// (phone)
// (beer)
ear
float
tear
coat
dear
boat
/ / (sure)
/e/ (chair)
sure
air
pure
pear
cure
hair
Phonics
an approach to teaching reading
aims at building foundational skills
in beginning readers
use of phonics depends on the
practitioners beliefs about reading

Good Phonics Instruction should:

a. develop the alphabetic principle the notion that
letters in words stand for specific sounds
b. develop phonological awareness recognition of
sounds in spoken words (phoneme awareness)
c. provide a sound grounding in the letters learning the
shapes and names of letters
d. provide sufficient practice in reading words in
isolation or in context
e. lead automatic word recognition phonics instruction
is not the end but the means to help children read
words automatically

17
Phoneme : /s/
Grapheme :
s
ss
c
1. Form a cobra head with your hand.
2. Trace the letter s in the air and, say s

Phoneme : //
Grapheme :
Imagine a spider crawling up your arm

and say eh
19
Phoneme : /t/
Grapheme :
t
Tap two fingers on the desk and say t
20
Phoneme : /p/
Grapheme :
p
Place four fingers in front of your mouth and

say p
21
22
Phoneme : //
Grapheme :
i
Show your teeth and say e.
23
Phoneme : /n/
Grapheme :
n
Touch the tip of your nose and say n
24
Phoneme : /m/
Grapheme :
m
Lick an ice-cream and say m
25
Phoneme : /d/
Grapheme :
d
Drumming action and say d
26
27
Phoneme : /g/
Grapheme :
g
1. You are cold, clutch your hands and

shiver
2. Say ggg
28
Phoneme : //
Grapheme :
o
Draw a small circle (anti clockwise) in the

air and say o
29
Phoneme : /k/
Grapheme :
c
k
ck
Action of flying a kite and say k
30
Phoneme : /e/
Grapheme :
e
Walk like an elephant and say eh
31
Phoneme : //
Grapheme :
uh
Look up and say uh
32
Phoneme : /r/
Grapheme :
r
Be a lion and say rrr
33
34
Phoneme : /h/
Grapheme :
1. Place your palm in front of your mouth.

2. Laugh haha
35
Phoneme : /b/
Grapheme :
b
Action of balloon bursting and say b
36
Phoneme : /f/
Grapheme :
f
ff
Action of bird flying and say f
37
Phoneme : /l/
Grapheme :
l
ll
Raise both arms upright and say ll..
38
39
Phoneme : /d/
Grapheme :
g
j
Jump and say j.

40
Phoneme : /v/
Grapheme :
v
Show the peace sign and say v.
41
Phoneme : /w/
Grapheme :
w
Join two peace signs and say w.
42
Phoneme : /ks/
/gz/
Cross your hands
and say ks..
Grapheme :
x
Slash x and say
gz..
43
44
Phoneme : /j/
Grapheme :
y
Nod and say yeh
45
Phoneme : /z/
Grapheme :
z
zz
Trace z in the air and say z..
46
Phoneme : /kw/
Grapheme :
qu
Action of a duck flapping its wings once

and say qua
47
48
Phoneme : / t /
Grapheme :
ch
1. Action of a moving train with both arms

2. Say ch.
49
Phoneme : / /
Grapheme :
sh
Finger on the lips and say sh..
50
Grapheme :
th
Phoneme : / /
voiceless
Show the thumb
and say th.
Phoneme : / /
voiced
Point with the thumb
and say th.
51
Phoneme : / /
Grapheme :
ng
Action of mosquito buzzing around ears

and say ng.
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
High Frequency Words
Decodable
Not
Decodable
61
Decodable Words :
Phonetically decodable words

should be taught according to
the principle of saying sounds in
a word in the order in which they
occur.
62
Not Decodable Words :
Some words are not decodable

using the grapheme-phoneme
correspondence. They are also
called tricky words.
63
Tricky Words :
the
to
I
no
go
into
you
they
all
are
my
her
he
she
we
me
be
was
64
Tricky Words :
said
have
like
so
do
some
come
were
there
little
one
when
out
what
oh
their
people
Mr
Mrs
looked
called
asked
could
65
Regina Joseph Cyril

English Language Unit
cyril0711@yahoo.com
03-8884 2088
66

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

THE ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Short Vowel Sounds

Short Vowel Sounds

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Good Phonics Instruction should:

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Imagine a spider crawling up your arm

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Tap two fingers on the desk and say t

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Place four fingers in front of your mouth and

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Show your teeth and say e.

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Touch the tip of your nose and say n

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Lick an ice-cream and say m

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Drumming action and say d

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

1. You are cold, clutch your hands and

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Draw a small circle (anti clockwise) in the

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Action of flying a kite and say k

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Walk like an elephant and say eh

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Look up and say uh

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Be a lion and say rrr

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

1. Place your palm in front of your mouth.

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Action of balloon bursting and say b