General Mathematics Vol. 8 (2000) Nr.

3–4

On Schur‘s expansion of sinπx

Emil C. Popa

Abstract
In this paper we study the sign of the sequence (∆n ck ) where (ck ) are the coef-
ficients for the development
r ∞
1 π X ³ πi
(1) sin ax · sin(a − ax) = ck [x(1 − x)]k , a ∈ 0, .
2 2a 2
k=0

AMS Mathematical Subject Classification 41A58

π
¤ ¡
It is known the development (1) where a ∈ 0, , and 2

2k k+1
ck = a Jk− 1 (a),
k! 2

Jp are Bessel functions. The sequence (ck ) is strictly decreasing to

zero(see [1]).
Firstly we consider the sequence

∆1c0, ∆1c1, ∆1c2, ..., ∆1cn, ...

and we have
∆1cn < 0, n = 0, 1, 2, ...
45
46 Emil C. Popa

Now we consider

∆2c0, ∆2c1, ∆2c2, ..., ∆2cn, ...,

where ∆2ck = ∆1ck+1 − ∆1ck .

Using the Poisson formula
Z1
2( z2 )p 1
Jp(z) = (1 − t2)p− 2 cos tz dt
Γ( 21 )Γ(p + 12 )
0

we have
2k k+1 2a
· ¸
ck+1 − ck = a J 1 (a) − Jk− 1 (a)
k! k + 1 k+ 2 2

Hence
k 2
· ¸
2 4a 4a
∆2 ck = ak+1 J 3− J 1 (a) + Jk− 12 (a)
k! (k + 1)(k + 2) k+ 2 k + 1 k+ 2

whence
2
a a
4a2 2 2 4a
(2) · 4
(1 − t ) − · 2 (1 − t2 ) + 1 ≥ 0
(k + 1)(k + 2) k(k + 1) k+1 k

if and only if
∆2ck ≥ 0.

We observe that (2) is true for t ∈ [0, 1] and k ≥ k0.

Next for
∆3ck = ∆2ck+1 − ∆2ck
we find that
On Schur‘s expansion of sinπx 47

8a3 ( a2 )3 2 3 12a2
(3) · (1 − t ) −
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3) k(k + 1)(k + 2) (k + 1)(k + 2)
( a2 )2 2 2 6a a
· (1 − t ) + · 2 · (1 − t2 ) − 1 ≤ 0.
k(k + 1) k+1 k
if and only if
∆3ck ≤ 0.

We observe that 3 is true for t ∈ [0, 1] and k ≥ k1. In this manner,

we have hence the following
Theorem If (ck ) is the sequence of the (1), then ∆2pck ≥ 0
for k ≥ k ′ and p = 1, 2, ..., and ∆2p+1ck ≤ 0 for k ≥ k ′′ and
p = 0, 1, 2, ... .

References

[1] E.C.Popa, On a schur‘s conjecture, General Mathematics, Vol.2, No.

1, 1994.

[2] S.Roman,The umbral calculus, Academic Press, New York, 1984.

Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Sciences
University ”Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu
Str.I.Raţiu, No.7,
2400 Romania