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SALT SAMPLE:
Cd(CH3COO)2
Soluble in Water
Dissolve a pinch of sample in water
**
Precipitation? Proceed to
Step 2.
No Precipitation? Proceed
to Anion Preliminary
Tests.
Insoluble in Water
Add 3mL of Sodium Carbonate to a
small amount of test sample
Heat for 5 mins. Centrifuge and
Decant. Use decantate for Anion Test.
Add little
Sulfuric Acid
to a small
amount of
unknown
sample
Note all
observations
like gas and
product
formation,
change in
color, etc.
If no change
occurs, warm
the test tube.
ANIONS
VISIBLE RESULT
REACTION EQUATION
Carbonate
Gas formation
Oxalate
Gas formation
Sulfide
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide
Chromate
Nitrite
ANIONS
VISIBLE RESULT
REACTION EQUATION
Acetate
OAc- + H+ HOAc
Nitrite
Add Silver
Nitrate.
Precipitation?
Centrifuge and
Decant (C&D).
Wash the
residue with
water. Add
Nitric Acid.
C&D.
To the
decantate,
add
Ammonia
and Silver
Nitrate.
Yellow ppt =
phosphate
Red ppt =
chromate
Add Ammonia
until basic to
unknown
sample. Ppt? C
& D. Discard
the residue.
Add Barium
Chloride and
Calcium
Chloride. No
precipitate?
Sulfate,
chromate,
phosphate
and oxalate
are absent.
Yellow
precipitate?
Chromate
might be
present. Add
HCl until
acidic. If
everything
dissolved,
sulfate is
absent.
Carbonate
Disregard if no effervescence occured
in Sulfuric Acid Test
Chromate &
Permanganate
Disregard if unknown sample is
colorless
CNS--
Add Fe(NO3)3.
Formation of blood-red
solution confirms thiocyanate.
Fe3+ + CNS- FeCNS2+
FeCNS2+ is a complex ion and is responsible for
the formation of the blood red solution
I , Br & Cl
*Iodide, Bromide and Chloride are ionic while CCl4 is
non-polar.
*Purple immiscible layer is formed for Iodide.
*Yellowish brown immiscible layer is formed for
Bromide (due to oxidation: Br- Br2)
*White precipitate is produced for Chloride because
AgCl is formed.
S2-
CO32-
SO42-
CrO42-
PO43-
PO43-
C2O42-
CH3COO--
NO3--
NO3--
S2O32-
Add 3M HCl.
A cream/whitish precipitated
confirms thiosulfate.
S2O32-
NO2--
NO2--
MnO4--
MnO4
-FIN-